rim
Bellefonte, Pa., July 22, 1927.
OUR BOYS.
In tne curent issue of Life appears
a cartoon by Charles Dana Gibson and
the following verses, entitled “Our
Boy,” by Oliver Herford:
Wings and the Boy I sing, who, braving
: Fate
And the tempestuous Sea-God’s ancient
hate,
Three thousand miles on wings unswerving
sped
Through ice-bared o'er moving
mountains dread,
And to the stricken watchers on the shore
Of sorrowing France, Columbia's message
bore.
winds,
Wings and the Boy! Companions liked as
one.
Prince of the Air, Columbia's bravest son,
Modest as brave—the glory of his deed
Joyously sharing with his winged steed.
Named for a gallant Knight—by happy
chance,
The Spirit of Saint Louis, King of France.
WHEN THEODORA LOST THE
CAP BOX.
There are now good hopes that the
State of Maine will soon include the
old black bear in the list of fauna pro-
tected by law, as other wild animals
are protected; at present there is a
price on his head. The bear is a dan-
gerous wild beast, some may say, but
that is largely a thing of the past.
The bear is now one of the shyest
creatures in the woods of New Eng-
land; it flees at the first scent or
sound of man and never turns to
fight unless cornered to defend its
young.
Bears are peculiar animals, and,
though much has been written of
them, we still have a great deal to
learn concerning their habits and
mode of life. How long does a bear
live? No naturalist can tell you
whether it is fifteen, twenty, thirty
or even forty years. Of course bears
die of old age, yet woodsmen assure
me that the bones of a bear that has
died from natural cause are never
found in the forest. Wither do aged
bears betake themselves when they
are about to pass from these scenes
of earth? One theory is that very
cld, feeble bears, after retiring to
hibernate in their dens, fall asleep
and never wake from their long win-
ter naps. Their remains are therefore
sepulchered out of all sight and
knowledge of the world. Something
rather mysterious too is connected
with the first two months of a bear
cub’s life. Ordinarily young bears
are never seen abroad till late in the
Spring or early summer. Naturalists
hold, however, that they are born dur-
ing the late weeks of winter while
the mother bear is still hibernating in
her den, and that they are nourished
there seven or eight weeks, presum-
ably while the mother is vet asleep or
half asleep. Certain it is that bear
cubs are very small at birth, weigh-
Ing no more than two pounds—an un-
usually tiny beginning for an animal
that at adult age attains a weight of
two or three hundred.
At our old farm in Maine we nat-
urally saw and heard a great deal
about bears. Only once, however,
did we discover bear cubs abroad as
early as Anril, and this in the case
of a bear that had been drowned out
of its winter den toward the swamp
along a stream where the den was
situated.
The rain had carried off most of
the snow and the Old Squire’s flock
of fifty-five sheep had made for the
upland pasture, glad to get out on
the bare, fresh earth again after be-
ing shut up at the barn through the
winter. That week of vernal warmth
however, nroved but transitory. Cold
raw weather came on. Five or six
inches of soft snow fell during the
following night. The sheep had fail-
ed to return, and next morning the
Old Squire sent Cousin Fllen and me
to look up the flock and drive them
to the barn. Cousin Addison would
probably have gone with me instead
of Ellen, but he had to drive to the
mill that morning, with a load of
corn to be ground; and Halstead who
was always a late sleeper, was not
vet out of bed.
The snow made bad walking, but
Ellen and I hastened up across the
fields and ascended to the pasture, ex-
pecting to come immediately upon
the sheep, but we looked ahout for
some time before we finally discover-
ed th>m huddled together in a scat-
tering growth of spruce at the far
lower end of the cleared land. At
first we supposed they were all stand-
ing pressed close together scarcely a
lamb was visible, all of them—thirty
or more—were out of sight in the
middle of the flock, with a head peep-
ing out here and there. Nor was
there any of the bleating usually
heard when sheep are called. All
stood there in silence. The snow on
the ground about them too had been
trodden down hard.
“They act scared!” Ellen exclaimed
as soon as we came near. ‘“Some-
thing has frightened them.”
Thereupon we began looking about,
cur first thought being of roguish
dog or of “lucivees.” Beyond the
clump of spruces where the sheep
stood the ground fell off over ledges
and rocks down to a swamp of cedars
and firs along the stream which was
now much swelled from the freshet.
For some moments we stood there on
the ledges, looking down on the scene
of the inundation, listening to the
roar of falls at a distance farther up
stream. Then a much nearer sound
came to our ears—the sloshing of
water in the camp immediately be-
low where we stood,—and, scanning
the thickets more sharply, we detect-
ed a little stir of the green fir bough
and caught a glimpse of something
very black there.
“I believe that’s a bear!” Ellen
whispered, clutching my arm. “Oh,
maybe it has killed a sheep or a lamb!
What shall we do?”
“You watch and see where he goes,”
I whispered. “I'll run home and
fetch the gun and get the Old Squire
to come.”
“No, no!” Ellen objected. “You
watch and I'll go,” and she set off
running before I could even remon-
strate.
Left to watch a bear, I stood there
on the ledges for some time with
eyes bent on the thickets below,
about capped; the cap was to be fixed
only after game was sighted. At that
time percussion caps were purchased
: in little brass boxes, fifty in a box.
‘the alarm and get the gun, the cap
box had been forgotten. Halstead
When Ellen had run home to give |
dr
'HOW TO PREPARE
‘ AND KEEP A LAWN.
Many people do not think that it
‘requires any work to make a lawn.
| They just take a rake, do a little
i scratching on the surface, sow the
where occasional glimpse of a black had gone to get the powder box and ‘ seed and think the rest will take care
hide were visible. Suddénly the ani-
mal emerged plainly in view—so sud-
denly that I was on the verge of
flight and drew back out of sight be-
hind a bush. It was certainly a bear,
one that looked very large in the eyes
of a boy of thirteen; for this, I may ; Theodora then sped back to get the
add here, was neither the second or
the third year, we young folks were
at the Old Squire’s place.
The bear did not charge up the
ledge, however, as I had half-expected
it might, but advanced a few steps
along the border of the thickets,
scuffling its feet in the light snow;
then it turned back and disappeared,
only to emerge again after a few
moments, and this time I saw that it
had something in it’s mouth—some-
thing that made queer, faint, squealing
noises. For an instant I thought
it must be a lamb that the bear had
not yet killed. The tiny thing was
not black, but looked to be of a yel-
lowish hue. It squirmed slightly,
and the bear holding its head much !
higher than a bear usually does,
shuffled along the edge of the swamp
for fifty yards perhaps; then after
scuffling again as if to brush away
the snow, it laid it’s small mouthful
down and retraced it’s steps to the
place where it had first come in sight,
and again disappeared.
What could the little object be? It
lay there and wriggled on the snowy
ground. I could plainly hear it’s
cries of discomfort, but I could now
see that it was not a lamb, it was
more like a very small pig, not larger
indeed than a month-old kitten. I
remember that I had often seen =z
cat carry it’s kitten in much the same
careful way, and then I guessed that
this was a little bear cub that its
mother had rescued from the flood
water in the swamp.
As I crouched there the bear ap-
peared for a third time, and she car-
ried in her mouth another cub, which
she hastened to deposit beside the
first one. For several moments she
stood with her head held low over
the cubs, apparently listening, cast-
ing her eyes about as if fearful of
enemies not far away. Probably she
had caught the scent of mankind and
was disturbed, although I did not be-
lieve she had seen me.
The sheep too had smelled or caught
sight of the bear. Suddenly the flock
started running across the pasture in
the direction of the farm buildings,
the lambs still much out of sight
among the sheep. At first I was
minded te follow them, but concluded
to remain at my post and watch till
help came.
Meanwhile the bear had gone back
to the swamp again, and before long
she brought out a third cub. All
three of the small creatures were
nesting on the ground, making a con-
siderable whining. I thought the
bear licked them at times with her
tongue, but could not distinguish all
that went on. Evidently the old beast
was uneasy, for she kept turning this
way and that. It must have scented
me, for a bear’s sense of smell is
marvelously acute. Plainly the old
creature was at a loss what to do with
her young and helpless family. Soon
she gathered one of the cubs in her
mouth and marched off for as much as
2 hundred yards along the border of
the swamp, when she scuffed the snow
and laying the cub down there, came
hastening b:.ck for another.
She had just taken away the last
cub when I heard voices and saw, not
the Old Squire and Ellen, but what
seemed our whole family--Halstead
running ahead, Ellen nearly keeping
pace with him, Theodora a little way
behind her, and farther in the rear
Grandmother Ruth, toiling forward
with Addison’s gun over her shoulder.
Farther rstil in the rear Addison had
come in sight, also running; he had
got back from the mill just as the
others were starting, but had to stop
to unhitch the horses. The Old
Squire who was one of the select-
men of the town that year, had been
called away to see what was to be
done about a bridge that had been
carried off during the freshet. Gram
had come not because she was keen
on hunting bears, but because she
was afraid to trust the gun to Hal-
stead.
They approached, almost out of
breath, exclaiming, “Where is that
bear? Has he gone?” And they all
saw the bear moving off.
Addison came up while I was ex-
plaining what I had seen. He seized
be gun and bade me show him the
ear.
then he started in the direction I had
indicated.
We all stole after him down the
shelving ledges and had not gone far
when the bear was sighted, shuffling
along the border of the thickets with
a cub in her mouth. She had heard or
scented us and kept turning half
around. We saw the wriggling little
object in her mouth quite plainly.
Reaching the place where the two
other cubs had been left, she stopped,
faced about and looked uneasily in
our direction for several moments,
then hastened on, leaving the two
cubs there. This time she did not
go far, however, but, coming to a
large rock, laid the cub down hastily
and rushed back to get the others.
That manocuver she repeated two: or
three times, moving the cubs one at
a time in her mouth. Clearly the
poor old creature was in great trouble.
Meanwhile Addison had paused to
put a heavier charge in the gun; then
he went back to fetch the powder
horn and pouch of shot and bullets
from Grandmother Ruth and Ellen.
He hastily drew out the light charge
that was in the gun and started to
reload with ball; for the guns of that
day where all of the percussion-cap
type, being first loaded with loose
powder, wads and shot of bullets and
discharged by means of little brass
caps containing fulminate, which was
placed on a hollow nipple and fired
by a stroke of the hammer. At our
place the Old Squire’s invariable rule
for us boys was never to fetch a cap-
ped gun into the house or carry it
“Keep back, keep back, all of |
you!” he said to Gram and the girls; !
“bullets from Addison’s room upstairs,
but had neglected to fetch the caps,
which were on 2 shelf near the head
of the bed. This omission was dis-
covered after they had come halfway
‘up the fields on their way to me.
caps, had found them and, putting
the box in her pocket, had run after
i the others. : ;
“Give me those quick!” Addison
i exclaimed, and Ellen, who was stand-
ing by with the powder horn and bul-
let pouch, ran to call Theodora, who
stood a few steps away on the ledges,
| watching the bear carry her cubs.
| Theodora descended rather slowly
{and absently put her hand into her
pocket. Td
| “Hurry, Doad!” Addison cried im-
patiently.
Theodora felt in her pocket. “Why,
I Ad,’ she said, “I'm afraid I’ve lost it!”
“Lost it? Look! Look again!” we
all exclaimed at once.
! She appeared to search carefully.
“It isn’t in my pocket.” she declared.
. I must have dropped it.”
Indignation then burst forth. Ad-
dison said things uncomplimentary to
her mental powers. So did Halstead,
and perhaps I did too. It was a very
exasperating thing to have happen at
such a crisis.
Hurry along back as you came
Addison urged her. “Follow your
tracks if you can; you may find where
you dropped it!” .
In fact we all started hurriedly
back with eyes bent on the trail across
the pasture. I think we searched for
an hour or more, going eventually
clear back to the house. It was in
vain quest. Incidentally I remember
that Doad did not seem to be search-
ing as eagerly as one should have
done whose carelessness had caused
such a mess. At the time I set it
down to her chagrin or resentment
over what we had said to her.
Nothing was found of the caps, and
the worst of it was we had but that
single box.
Addison hitched up and drove to the
general store at the Corners, where
he bought another box of caps. Later
in the day he and I with Halstead
went to the pasture again and at-
tempted to follow the bear's tracks;
but the late light snow was already
melting fast, and on coming to dryer
ground above the swamp we lost the
trail altogether and gave up the hunt.
Theeodora remained silent and ap-
peared so contrite for her carelessness
that none of us had the heart to say
much to her about it; and as time
passed the episode was largely for-
gotten.
Then one Sunday morning five years
later as Theodora was about to set
off for Dakota to teach school for
Indian girls she looked around and
said, “I'm not going to leave home
and perhaps never return,” for a jour-
ney to Dakota seemed a terribly long
one in those days, “without confessi
19
we went out to shoot a bear. Idrop-
ledges up there. That old mother bear
was so hrave and was trving so hard
' to save her cubs I couldn’ stand it to
see her shot.”—Selected.—From the
{| Reformatory Record.
|
Raise Nut Trees Upon Huge Scale.
More than 120,000 black walnut
trees, the largest block in the Unitel
States, are growing on a 12-acre nut
tree nursery, one of the very few in
the country, near Downingtown. The
experiment is being directed by John
W. Hershey, who studied under J. F.
Jones, the originator of the propaga-
tion of the hardy nut trees. Besides
the walnuts, there are 10,000 pecan
trees, 5,000 shagbarks, 2,000 butter-
nuts 1,000 Japanese walnuts, 1,000
hazelnuts and 1,000 butternuts.
Grafted trees cost on an average of
! $25 per dozen, making this nursery
i represent a potential stock value of
‘more than $350,000.
This season the graftings will be
the greatest in the line of hard nut
i experiments in the country. Grafted
| trees begin bearing in one-third the
time required for seedlings, so that
walnut trees bear the third year, with
a commerical yield by the fifth sea-
son. Tests show these trees, at the
latter growth, much larger than an
apple tree of the same age and sur-
pass the apple income ratio five to
one.
Unlike the fruit and farming in-
dustries, State and federal aid is not
given the pioneers in this process,
which started only about 15 years
ago, but is growing by leaps and
bounds throughout the north. Even
vet many nurserymen do not believe
in the practice, although actual
yields in the temperate zone equal
similar crops on the Pacific coast.
So great is the demand for growing
stock that orders are often booked
a season ahead.
In few industries is the producing
machine salable at a high price after
years of service, but in the nut busi-
ness this is true, as the tree increases
in value and commands a ready sale
for either ornamental purposes or to
the furniture makers. A pecan tree
at 10 years usually has a height of
30 feet and is worth $350 and will
grow to 100 feet. It retains its fo-
liage in the fall long after other trees
have shed and is in great demand by
landscape architects.—Exchange.
— elie
Utilizing Forest Products.
Another step has been taken by
American manufacturers in conserv-
ing the forest products. Until re-
cently the chips and waste from the
big lumber yards were either sold for
fuel or burned on the spotto get it
out of the way. Now chips and waste
from certain woods are saved and
sold to the paper mills, which in turn
make paper pulp from this heretofore
wasted wood. Some of these chips
hitherto thrown away as waste, make
excellent wood pulp.
—Subscribe for the “Watchman,”
what I did with the cap box that time |
ped it purposely in a crevice of the,
‘of itself. Such procedure will spell dis-
appointment. To accomplish any-
| thing means work, and the lawn is no
exception. If you will observe the
‘simple directions which follow, you
| can easily maintain a lawn which will
be your pleasure and pride.
If your plot is small, dig it up the
depth of a spade or digging fork; if
large, plow it. Pulverize the soil
thoroughly with a harrow or a long-
tooth rake, make it as fine as possible;
plow and rake when the soil is moist
(not while it is dry). Apply a good
dressing of pulverized sheep manure,
shredded cow maanure or pure bone
meal, all of which are weedless. Don’t
use raw barnyard manure; it intro-
duces weed growth. Of any of the
three fertilizers recommended, 1000
pounds per acre is not too much. An
acre contains 43,560 square feet.
If your space is smaller, you ean
work out the right quantity needed,
based on the required amount. Any
one of the three fertilizers can be
used alone or a combination of the
three can be used in equal quantities.
When the fertilizer is applied the seed
may be sown broadcast, raked in light-
ly (don’t cover deeply) and the ground
firmed with a light roller; don’t use
a heavy roller, as it packs the ground.
If possible, choose a cloudy day or
just previous to rain and avoid strong
winds. The most successful method
of sowing grass seed is to mix the seed
thoroughly with four times its bulk
in pulverized sheep manure so as to
make the sowing even.
The sheep manure acts as an assur-
ance for a more even distribution of
the seed; this means a better germina-
tion and a healthier young growth.
It is important to know what kind
and when to apply.
With a new lawn occasional appli-
cations of sheep manure are splendid,
but an established lawn should receive
each spring a dressing of sheep ma-
tion of bone meal at the rate of 100
pounds per acre—the latter will be of
lasting benefit.
Old-established lawns should be fed
ner, for the food in the soil is soon
exhausted and if not supplied through
the surface, the lawn will soon suffer.
Full dressing with wood ashes is also
very effective.
New lawns can be made from April
till November, but there are two sea-
sons of the year when success is more
aassured. The very early spring helps
to start the seed quicker and to pro-
duce a quicker finish lawn: sowing in
the fall from August 15 till November
1 will prevent weed seeds from germ-
inating, which are generally in soils
more or less, and thereby a cleaner
lawn can be establishd.
When sowing in the late spring or
summer one should mix oats with the
grass seed at the rate of four quarts
to every bushel. The oats will germin-
ate quickly and produce a shade for
the younger grass. which
succeed better. The oats
cut with a scythe when
inches high.
Renovating lawns can take place
successfully at any time during the
about six
| growing season. but the ground to he
i renovated should be thoroughly stir-
red up with a rake or other sharp in-
strument and after sowing it must he
rolled.
Land Suits in Florida.
The Florida Supreme Court, recent-
ly writes a Miami correspondent of
will be of interest to some hundreds
ligations running into many millions.
The question involved is whether
the law and public policy justify the
granting of deficiency judgments
against Northern land buyers who
paid substantial sums originally and
gave back mortgages to sellers for
the balances remaining.
If it is held that judgments for de-
ficiency must stand in cases where the
property involved at this time has a
value not exceeding the sum of money
paid originally for the equity, it will
mean that many millions of dollars
will be wrung from Northern inves-
tors in spite of the fact that these
buyers were willing to let their pur-
chase contracts go by default while
the payments made would be charged
off to the profit and loss and the trans-
action forgotten.
If it is held that the obligations as-
sumed by the buyers in the hectic
days were not “for keeps” and that
the value of the land as appraisals
show it to-day will be considered by
the courts in giving decisions and ver-
dicts in mortgage foreclosure suits,
there will be much relief felt all
through the North by those who fol-
lowed the impulse to take a hand in
the boom of 1925.
The question has bezn up in a num-
ber of judicial cirenits in the last few
months, and in some circuits a defi-
nite policy has been adopted to dis-
allow the deficiency judgments. Prem-
inent among these is Pincla county,
in which St. Petersburg is situated.
The Circuit Judge there, Judge Free-
man P. Lane, publicly announced last
Cctober that his cour: would enter
no deficiency judgments.
The complainants in the case that
had been heard decided to abide by
the decision and did not appeal. This
suit involved a mortgage for $65,000
given by a purchaser who had paid
$65,000 on a piece of property, but
who defaulted in the next payments
due. The holder of the mortgage
foreclosed and bid in the property
at $55,000 and demanded $10,000 to
cover the deficiency.
Judge Lane ruled that “the fact the
owner had received a substantial cash
payment for his property and then
got his property back is sufficient
ground to protect the purchaser from
being compelled to pay an additional
and unwarrantable $10,000.”
nure at the rate of 100 pounds per
acre and a month later an applica- |
regularly each year in a similiar man- |
will then :
should he
the New York Times, is expected to |
hand down a decision shortly which !
of thousands of Northern investors :
in florida real estate, and will affect |
the status of mortgage and note ob- |
! FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN.
DAILY THOUGHT.
—Thoughtlessness is precisely the chief
public evil of our day.—Ruskin.
—Worth places great emphasis up-
on sports clothes and offers a new de-
velopment, in a skirt plaiting theme
which is much like the modified kilt
of a Scotish clan: loose panels look-
ing like broad box plaits float loosely
at either side in front, for instance,
with a kilted ruffle on the skirt, often
in front. Flocked and graduated
lines are embroidered horizontally in
jumpers, in angora wool with a chain
stitch. There is decided emphasis
centered at the backs of coats and
frocks. This is smartly exemplified
by the loose drapery in the back of
any evening gown bodice which moves
in three loose folds, with each defined
by a single row of pearls embroidered
there. Front skirt movements are
typical of Worth, too, and fringed
hemlines are most significant.
Large armholes are plentiful, as al-
i ways chez Worth, and diagonal move-
ments are frequent, particularly in the
back of models. Both long and short
tabs are used on skirts in many ways.
Short ones are often outlined with
beads and each has a wee bead tassel.
Fundamentally, the silhouette is the
basic chemise line, but the many de-
tails carry the eye to them rather
than to the outline. Slim coats are
frequently lifted at the front and held
by a buckle. Both snakeskin and
spotted calf are used as pipings and
trimmings in coats, and the lining of
a black satin coat is worked in black
and white satin in spotted calf motif.
Fringes are often used in the top
half or tunic length of skirts. Pearl
buttons, like baroques, are used down
the fronts of frocks both in bodice
and in skirt. A refreshing color com-
bination is seen in beige-toned coats
with gray fox scarf collars. Many
colors especially for evening wear, |
find their themes in the play of lights
from the two Worth perfume bottles
—the amber-orange-rose tints
i FARM ‘NOTES.
—For many years sheep raisers
‘have dreaded troublesome affections
in their flocks known as foot rot. The
‘term as commonly used includes two
foot ailments. These are true or con-
tagious foot rot, and a so-called foot
rot or foot soreness. True foot rot
is a highly contagious bacterial dis-
ease resulting from infection of the
feet with bacillus necrophorus.
This disease is characterized by in-
flammation of the foot and by fever,
followed by ulceration, softening of
the hoof, the formation of a fetid,
purulent, sticky discharge of charac-
teristic odor, lameness and some-
times loss of hoof. The organism may
even attack the bones of the sheep.
Traveling becomes almost impossible
when two or more of the feet are in-
fected and death may result.
Foot soreness, which is less serious,
is usually the result of mechanical in-
jury which breaks the skin and thus
of ,
dawn and the blue lights of the night.
allows filth and soil-borne infectious
organism entrance. Inflammation, ul-
ceration, and formation of pus may
follow if the infection is disregarded,
but it is not contagious, like true foot
rot.
The treatment for either foot rot or
foot soreness consists of removing the
affected sheep, paring away all dead
horny growth from the hoof, remov-
ing the foreign matter, and bathing
the foot in an antiseptic solution.
Powdered crystals of copper sul-
phate, commonly called blue vitriol or
blue stone, may be dusted between the
toes, or on the ulcer. Healing usually
follows in a few days.
Instead of powdered blue stone,
some sheep raisers prefer a paste of
equal parts of powderd blue vitriol,
flour of sulphur, and burnt alum
mixed with enough lard, vaseline, or
pine tar to make a paste. This is
applied directly to the ulcers.
Mass treatment of the flock is often
desirable. For this use a water-tight
trough 8 to 10 inches wide, 4 to 6
inches deep and about 8 feet long,
placed between panels so the sheep
Important in fabrics is the use by | can be forced to walk through a satu-
Worth of Bianchini’s wool-backed gold | rated solution
of copper sulphate
lame for an evenin oat which is about 2 inches deep in the trough.—
oT In 10. S. Bell, in charge of sheep work
{at the Ohio experiment station.
lined with double chiffon.
i —A new color for hosiery, called
sandust, is in a clear tan blond that |
—A hybrid dewberry, all but lost to
harmonizes perfectly with the shades ' the horticultural world since its origin
‘of tan and beige so much in vogue.
| —~ Shelves on mantels seemed to
have become more in general use
i after the middle of the eighteenth
i century. They marked, in a sense, a
i step in the development of the mantel.
i As soon as the old fireplaces of the
| early settlers assumed a more modest
i relation to the rest of the house, that
| is, when they became co-ordinated, a
{wooden over-mantel was used. This
‘had no shelves. It was, in many
cases, part of the scheme at the time
(of paneling one side of the room,
, which was the fireplace side.
i _ The overmantel was used mostly in
i the living room. In Pennsylvania, it
‘was the custom in the early eighteenth
i century to be content with an ordinary
log across the kitchen fireplace, but
; the best room in the house must have
. a mantel.
: EARLY PENNSYLVANIA.
| Many of these early types of over-
‘mantels are to be found in ancient
! Pennsylvania homes at the present !
Sometimes one finds them with '
time.
stove pipe holes cut in the top. This,
of course, is a later “development,”
very much later, in fact, the parlor
stove period.
In the more pretentious homes of
the early Georgian type are to he
‘found fine creations of the nonshelf |
But toward the latter part of |
| type.
. the eighteenth century up to the be-
. ginning of the nineteenth paneling
. disappeared and along with it the big
one-piece overmantel. A shelf with
supporting in one form or another up
ito the time when the hot-air register
took the place of the burning log.
MANY HAD SIMPLE LINES.
Many fine mantels were made in
| Pennsylvania. Some of these are still
‘in their original homes; others are
| gracing newer homes. Some of the
‘ mantels, especially those in the plainer
farmhouses. Other mantels are elab-
i orately carved. Many interesting de-
| signs are to be found and while there
(is a general adherence to the one gen-
jeral idea, there are no two exactly
; alike.
i Mantels of the late Colonial and
| early Republic periods show the influ-
ence of the classic designs of Sheraton
and Adam. The festoon motif was a
favorite design.
A distinction between reeding and
| grooving is sometimes made, although
there isn’t much difference. Reeding
consisted of a round strip between
each groove, while grooving was ex-
actly as its name implies, a groove
with the strip between untouched.
The plain grooving produced a two
tone effect when skillfully done. First
a festoon design was laid out upon
the panel. Then the carver, with his
chisel, scored the points along the de-
sign where it would meet the pro-
posed groove. With a keen-edged
carving tool he then scooped out a
vertical groove until he reached the
festoon. This he would jump and
continue the groove on the other side.
When finished the festoon design was
there, a fugitive design like that of
shimmering changeable silk.
Other designs often found in old
wooden mantels are the sunburst or
fan motive; and the star or flower de-
sign. Whatever it may have been in-
tended for, this flower motive consists
usually of five or six wedge-shape
petals radiating from a small hole.
No great amount of carving skill was
required to make them. Their sim-
plicity is almost primitive. But a
charming touch is added, nevertheless.
—Nowadays, a punch is essential
for a large party. Here is a delect-
able one with loganberry juice as its
base.
To the juice of four lemons are add-
ed a pint of loganberry juice and one
one and one-half cupfuls of sugar.
The mixture should be stirred wel.
To this is added one quart of water,
and the whole is chilled and poured
over a square of ice in a punch-bowl.
Just before it is served, an additional
pint of Apollinaris should be poured
in,
in 1905, has been brought into favor-
able recognition as a result of tests
by the United States Department of
Agriculture. This dewberry, named
the “Young” for the originator, B. M.
Young, of Leuisiana, bears fruit larg-
er than the popular Lucretia variety,
is much sweeter than the Logan, and
of an exceptionally high dessert
quality. The berry is an attractive
deep wine color.
The Young dewberry, according to
. George M. Darrow, who made the
| tests for the department, has been
found resistant to anthracnose dis-
ease and free from the ordinary leaf
spot wherever tested. It has been
igrown at a number of experiment
stations and by other co-operators,
and no undesirable features have de-
veloped. It has been found especially
| suitable for culture in the southern
; and southeastern States and is ree-
ommended for trial by gardeners and
i truck growers in these sections as
well as in other localities where dew-
i berries are ordinarily gown.
i This dewberry first came to the at-
tention of the department in 1921
when some plants were sent to it by
a Pennsylvania nurseryman who re-
quested they be tested. At the first
| fruiting, three years later, these
I plants attracted immediate attention
i because of the exceptional qualities
of both the fruit and the plant. Mr.
| Darrow then traced the history of the
| variety and found that the Pennsyl-
!vania nurseryman, who had since
{ died, secured his stock from the or-
iiginator in Louisiana. It developed
that Mr. Young had produced the
| seedling by crossing the Mayes dew-
! berry with the Phenomenal blackber-
ry in an effort to develop a berry sim-
ilar to the Logan of California. He
gave some of the stock to the nur-
seryman, but discarded the hybrid
himself because of other interests.
Its unusual and desirable character-
istics were thus finally recognized
after systematic testing under varied
conditions.
The department has no plants of
this variety for distribution, but it is
obtainable from a number of south-
ern nurseries.
; —Watch out for coccidiosis in the
i farm flock. Pale beaks and legs and
I'signs of droopiness are symptoms.
Affected chicks stand with eyes closed
and hover near the stove or in the
corner of the brooder house. Suc-
cess in controlling the disease de-
pends to a large extent upon finding
the trouble and removing the affected
chicks at the start.
—Do not sprinkle the lawn; give
it a good soaking, but only when it
really needs one.
—Make a note this summer of the
periods when only a few blossoms
show in the garden of perennial flow-
ers; then plan to fill these spaces with
plants which will bloom at the needed
time.
—Picnickers should remember to
gather up all the rubbish, either burn
or bury it, and then put out the last
spark of fire before leaving the
grounds where they have had an en-
joyable time. So many persons think
of no one else but themselves and
leave a beautiful grove in a condition
distasteful to everyone, even to them-
selves if they should happen to come
back again to the same place.
—Because the frruit harvest is a
time of rush and hurry, a time when
minutes are precious and delays cost-
ly, growers will find it profitable to
prepare picking and packing equip-
ment several weeks before needed.
Convenience is necessary and, that is
one way of spelling efficiency, say
Pennsylvania State College horticul-
turists.
—A hydraulic ram will operate if
the water delivered to it has a fall of
at least three feet and flows at a rate
|
of at least two to six gallons a min-
ute.