f
Pemorvatic Wald
= Bellefonte, Pa, May 28, 1926.
—
TO REMOVE SCALE FROM WAT-
ER BACKS.
Hard water causes a limy deposit
or scale on the inside of water backs
and heating coils. If allowed to ac-
cumulate, the scale retards the circu-
lation and heating of the water, and,
by closure of the bore, may prove dan-
gerous. Moreover, continued neglect
makes it increasingly difficut to re-
move the scale.
The water back or coil should be
removed from the fire box, says the
United States Department of Agricul-
ture. At the union or other joints
nearest the fire box, disconnect all
pipes and unscrew them from the wa-
ter back. If there is a clamp which
holds the fire-brick lining against the
oven, loosen it and remove side and
end linings. Lift out the water back
and take it out on the ground. Soft
scale or sludge may be removed by
pounding the water back with a mal-
let or hammer and then flushing with
a strong jet of water. A long gouge
or chisel is used on those surfaces
that can be reached. Sometimes the
water back is heated in a blacksmth’s
forge and then pounded, but unless
carefully done this treatment may
break it. Some householders keep a
spare water back for use while the
other is being cleaned.
Waters of varying chemical compo-
sition cause scale differing in compo-
“sition and hardness. Ordinary lime-
stone (calcium carbonate) scale, if
not of excessive thickness, may read-
ily be removed with muriatic acid.
Gypsum (calcium sulphate) scale is
hard and resistant and with other con-
stituents in their more compact forms
is little affected by muriatic acid. The
water back should be laid on the
ground and filled with a strong solu-
tion of the acid in water. The
strength of the solution should vary
with the amount of desposit, the or-
dinary mixture being one part of acid
and five to seven parts of water. If
the deposit is very thick, the acid
needs little dilution. Commerical
muriatic acid in bottles containing
six pounds, about two and one-half
quarts, costs 20 to 25 cents a pound.
The bottle should be labeled “Muria-
tic acid—poison”; and, like other
chemicals, should be kept where chil-
dren cannot get it. Heating the waier
back hastens the action of the acid.
At the end of an hour or two, or soon-
er if the deposit is dissolved, pour
the solution from the water back and
flush it thoroughly with hot water to
remove the acid. If all the deposit
has not been removed, repeat the op-
eration, making sure that the acid is
completely washed out before replac-
ing the water back.
Similar methods may be used with
copper coils. Place the coil, or heater,
on two sticks over a large bowl. With
the aid of a lead funnel pour the acid
solution down through the coil. Dip
from the bowl and continue to circu-
late the solution through the coil un-
til the deposit is dissolved. The coil
.should then be thoroughly washed out
with hot water.
The hot-water flow pipe close to a
water back or coil frequently becomes
thickly covered with scale. If the
pipe is brass, it may be disconnected
and treated with acid and then wash-
ed out with hot water. If the pipe is
galvanized iron and in bad condition,
it will probably be more satisfacto.y
to replace it with new pipe.
Vanished Annuities.
For a score of years, beginning in
1850, the various Indian tribes along
the Missouri River received not more
than half the annuities the govern-
ment endeavored to send to them.
With the transfering of Indian affairs
from the military authorities t» the
hands of agents, the spoils system be-
came the vogue. The Indians believ-
ed their Great White Father in Wash-
ington had lied to them and cheated
them. Stupendous frauds and out-
rages were commonly practiced by
some agents. Those agents who de-
sired to be honest were compelled to
take the annuity goods up river in
America Fur company boats. Hav-
ing no warehouses, they were forced
to store their goods with those of the
traders. The mixing up of commer-
.cial goods and annuity goods always
left the latter depleted, and what had
been started up the river as gift was
received by the Indian only after he
had paid for it with valuable furs.
The report of the Northwestern
Treaty Commission to the Sioux of
the Upper Missouri, 1866, significant-
ly states: “Deliveries of goods should
be witnessed by some Federal officer
who should certify that he saw tht
delivery.” Two years earlier Gen-
eral Alfred Sully reported, “This sys-
tem of issuing annuity goods is one
grand humbug.”
While the treaty-annuity agency
system made treaties that were not
.carried out; granted annuities which
were not delivered; established a con-
trol that was too frequently vitiated
by humbug and bare-faced fraud, the
. steamboats became of prime import-
ance to the river tribes. With the
‘buffalo on the road to extermination
‘the steamboats brought supplies.
Grown to be dependent upon traders,
the boat brought traders. Then the
Indians were retired to reservations
and the railroads drove the steam-
boats from the river completely as the
white man killed off and drove away
the buffalo.
One agent in the Sioux country,
whose salary was about $1200 a year,
retired after three years with a large
fortune. Questioned how he saved so
much out of a hundred dollars a
month he said he “had to be economi-
cal.”—From Adventure Magazine.
—Colorado reports that 500,000 de-
structive jack-rabbits were killed
there last winter, More than 50,000
were slain in a single drive. The
rabbits are given to many poor fam-
ilies for food.
Games for the Home Gymnasium.
If you want to keep in good health
equip your garage with movable gym-
nasium apparatus and play games
with your neighbors. Here are some
games to start on:
Hang-On-Relay. Place members of
each team in file about eight feet
apart. At a signal the last person in
each line moves forward to the next
player, encircling her waist with her
arms. Then both move forward to
the third, who is similarly grasped
by the second, and so on until all
members of the team are added to the
moving “train.” There is a goal a
convenient distance in front of the
file leader to which the completed
“train” runs. The team first making
the goal, of course, is the winner.
However, if any member drops off her
train, that is, fails to hang on, that
team is disqualified. :
Hopping Relay. At a signal num-
ber, one player on each team starts
for a given point by hopping on one
foot. She hops to the point, returns
and touches the second member of her
team, who repeats the procedure.
This is continued until all members
of the team have completed the cir-
cuit, and that team wins the last
member of which first crosses the
floor with the foot upon which she is
not hopping, she must return to the
starting-point and begin again.
Pass And Change is a game in
which the players are numbered and
form in a circle facing in. “It” is in
the center with a soft ball. “It” toss-
es the ball to one of the players,
simultaneously calling out two num-
bers. Those whose numbers are call-
ed must change places. Meanwhile
the ball is thrown back to “It,” who
catches it and tries to hit one of those
whose number she called with the ball
before she reaches her new place. If
a player is thus hit with the ball she
becomes “It.”
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Be
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Three Deep is an old game most of
your club members will remember
having enjoyed in their childhood. It
is exciting and will still prove good
fun and fine exercise. All players but
two form in circles, one within the
other, all facing in. Those in the
outer circle take positions directly be-
hind those in the inner circle.” Of the
two players not in the circles, one is
“Jt” “It” pursues the other, who
runs around or through the circle. If
“It” tags “It” becomes “the pursued.”
At any time, “the pursued” may step
in front of one of the other players
forming the inner circle, when that
file becomes “three deep.” Immedi-
ately the one in the outer circle, in
front of whom “the pursued” stopped,
becomes “the pursued” and, if tagged,
she is “It.”—The Delineator.
—The “Watchman” is the best let-
ter you can send a friend away from
home.
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Dairymen---Notice
— Subscribe for the “Watchman.”
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BELLEFONTE, PA.
71-11-1f
- os
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