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"Bellefonte, Pa., December 4, 1925.
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FACTS ABOUT TUBERCULOSIS.
The Toll of Tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis, a preventable disease,
took the lives of 7,486 Pennsylvanians
in 1924,
Out of every 100,000 population 81
persons were killed by this plague.
These figures mean that every day
in Pennsylvania twenty persons suc-
cumb to the White Plague.
Should these deaths for one year oc-
cur in one community the inhabitants
of any one of the following towns
would be entirely wiped out:
Danville, Indiana, Juniata, Kane,
Kittanning, Knoxville, Palmerton,
Bochoster, Saint Marys, and Sowyers-
ville.
A DISABLING DISEASE.
Tuberculosis is caused by a germ
‘ known as the tubercle bacillus, which
attacks any part of the body. In death
statistics, however, about 85 per cent
of Tuberculosis meningitis is the next
most important form of tuberculosis
so far as mortality is concerned. In
extent of sickness, however, tubercu-
losis of the glands is prominent. Prob-
ably second in prominence is tubercu-
losis of the bones; third, abdominal
tuberculosis, and fourth, tuberculosis
of the skin.
Statistics of the prevalence of tu-
berculosis as a cause of sickness are
few. The chief sources are reports of
the Health and Tuberculosis Demon-
stration in Framingham, Mass., army
examination, and U. S. Public Health
Service reports. The Framingham re-
ports show that there are about 9 ac-
tive cases and 9 arrested cases for
each annual death.
On this basis there are in Pennsyl-
vania 67,000 persons with active cases
of tuberculosis and 67,000 with arrest-
ed tuberculosis.
Those having the disease actively are
practically wholly incapacitated. Many
of those with arrested cases are un-
able to assume the ordinary duties of
a citizen. a : ;
Pennsylvanians with active cases of
tuberculosis number more than all the
residents of either Chester or Lan-
caster. Those with active and arrest-
ed tuberculosis would populate the
whole of Scranton.
ECONOMIC COST.
Tuberculosis is one of the most cost-
ly diseases. The long period of illness
is costly in treatment and in the
money lost because of sickness.
Tuberculosis cuts off two and one-
half years of life from the complete
expectation of every individual. If
each individual were to add only $100
to the community wealth per year,
tuberculosis would cost the community
$250 per person. Among 9,200,000
persons in Pennsylvania this loss is
over two and a quarter billion dollars.
It has been estimated that a tuber-
culosis patient is under care for an |
average of two and one-third years.
Probably for at least one year he is
unable to earn. Considering all oc-
cupations, we can place the average
annual earnings of a person at $1,000.
Among the 67,000 tuberculosis cases
in Pennsylvania, sixty-seven million
dollars were thus lost through sick-
ness.
The usual length of stay in a san-
itorium is about six months. The cost
of this is about $500. The cost of car-
ing for tuberculosis patients must be
met, whether in a sanatorium or not.
Sanatorium care or other adequate
treatment costs about $33,500,000 in
Pennsylvania.
Yet health may be purchased. From
the Framingham experiment, and
from the experience of other demon-
strations, it is believed that an ad-
equate expenditure to carry on a gen-
eral health program would be approx-
imately $2.50 to $3.00 per person.
For the entire State population this
would cost about one billion dollars in
a period of 35 years, as contrasted
with a loss of approximately two and
a half billion dollars from tuberculosis
alone.
HOW CONTROL THIS PLAGUE?
Widespread thought and study have
been given to the problem of fighting
tuberculosis. The campaign has been
organized on a combined national,
State, and local basis.
Thousands of persons are engaged
in this crusade. The White Plague is
so costly in lives, suffering and money
that the campaign needs the support
of every individual.
Each person should realize that the
germ of tuberculosis is the cause of
Infection—Disease—Death.
There are, therefore, three points of
attack—against infection, against ac-
tive disease, and against premature
and unnecessary death.
Among the average hundred -citi-
zens 75 to 90 per cent. have tubercu-
losis infection, or the seed of the dis-
ease. We know where most of this
infection comes from, and can take de-
finite measures to prevent it. The
fewer the infections, the less disease
and the fewer deaths there will be.
Among the average hundred citi-
zens, out of the 75 to 90 per cent. with
tuberculosis infection, 2 per cent. at
any one time will show the presence
of active or arrested tuberculosis dis-
ease. We are sure of some of the
—_
we can fight against them.
Among the average hundred people,
8 or 10 are going eventually to die of
tuberculosis.
TWO MAIN ATTACKS.
There are two main channels of at-
tack against tuberculosis:
1. Public Hygiene—Which is con-
cerned with our organized efforts to
| attain the equipment for right living
in the community. ; :
2. Personal Hygiene—Which in-
volves our individual efforts to follow
the methods of right living.
This personal hygiene is of two
types: : ;
a. The efforts to prevent disease and
infection—which may be called sup-
pressive hygiene. :
b. The efforts to increase resistance
and build up health—which may be
termed creative hygiene. :
Personal hygiene also comes into
play in three main fields—the field of
direct habits, home habits, and food
habits.
SOURCES OF INFECTION.
Tuberculosis infection is common,
but not serious in itself. It is, how-
ever, the seed of future disease. In-
fection comes from these sources:
From Direct Contact With Infected
Adults—Many of these individuals,
whether they are sick or not, may or
may not know that they have the di-
sease, but may be giving off the tuber-
cle bacillus in their mouth discharges.
The disease may be transmitted by
coughing, sneezing, kissing, or even
talking—that is by dangerous or bad
respiratory hygiene.
From Infected Sputum—Twenty to
thirty per cent. of tuberculosis cases in
the active stage gives off the germs of
the disease in their sputum.
From Infected Utensils, Such as
Common Cups, Common Towels, Care-
lessly Washed Eating Utensils, Etc.
—While probably fewer cases are
transmitted in this way, these methods
can not be ignored.
From Infected Cow’s Milk—Surveys
of cattle have indicated about 22 per
cent. have tuberculosis infection, some
of the cows being actively diseased. It
has been found 5 or 10 per cent. of
tuberculosis deaths among children
are from the bovine-type.
HOW MEET THESE DANGERS?
Children should not be exposed to
tuberculosis adults.
Cases with germs in their sputum
should be treated in institutions rath-
er than at home.
We should encourage good respira-
tory hygiene on the part of everyone.
Let us remember that any cough may
be a dangerous one. “Coughs and
sneezes spread diseases.”
We should insist on full compliance
with the anti-spitting laws. Spitting
in public places is dangerous.
Let us abolish the common cup and
the common towel. :
Let us insist on safe milk, which
means pasteurized milk (heated to
kill disease germs—not boiled,) or
milk from tuberculin tested cattle.
A regular medical examination for
all people in the community will find
the early and the active cases of the
disease, will provide treatment in
time: tgwsave the patient, and will pre-
vent’ utinecessary exposure of well
children and adults.
How Fight Tuberculosis Disease?
PUBLIC HYGIENE.
Active tuberculosis disease is not so
common as tuberculosis infection.
Many people get tuberculous infection
and never have it develop into the ac-
tive disease. The infection may re-
main latent for a long time, and may
after years crop out when the infect-
ed person is under a strain of some
sort, such as over-work, fatigue, un-
der nourished, bad environment, or
some other disease, such as typhoid
fever, pneumonia, influenza, ete.
There are two ways of fighting tu-
berculous disease:
1. Collectively—by joint effort—
through community measures—or by
public: hygiene.
2.+ “Individually—by personal effort
—or through personal hygiene.
Proper Housing—Here there are
two things of prime importance; suf-
ficient living space; the facilities for
cleanliness, such as hot water for
hand washing and bathing, proper
sewage and refuse disposal, etc.
Proper Working Conditions—Un-
sanitary factory conditions may pro-
duce disease. Of even greater import-
ance: are too much over-work, exces-
sive fatigue, strain—breaking down
our resistance to disease. Unneces-
sary and dangerous dust in the fac-
tories, excessive temperature and hu-
midity may also lower resistance.
Proper Economic Conditions—Ex-
treme poverty and destitution are the
allies of tuberculosis. We can not
eliminate one without first removing
the other.
Proper School Conditions— Sanitary
school buildings, thorough medical and
nursing work among school children,
the use of open window rooms, in-
struction regarding nutrition, the de-
velopment of recreation facilities—all
‘these will help to build health and re-
sistance.
Regular Medical Examination—
Medical machinery in infant clinics, in
school and factories, and for the gen-
eral population will detect disease in
its beginning stages.
PERSONAL HYGIENE.
When all has been done that can be
accomplished through organized agen-
cies, there still remains much for the
average citizen to do. This is person-
al hygiene.
The chief channels are hygiene of
the home, food hygiene, and personal
hygiene.
HOME HYGIENE.
The Use of Cleanliness Facilities—
Running hot water is of little use un-
less we teach children and others to
wash their hands before they eat, and
to take a bath frequently.
Ventilation—An air-tight building,
whether too hot or too cold, is a house
and not a home. Fresh airin the
home, windows of sleeping rooms open
at night—these are the things that
help to make the home an institution
of Hygiene.
FOOD HYGIENE.
Selection of Food—In these days of
high food costs, it is more important
’
things which cause this disease, and
HOW TO SOLVE A CROSS-WORD PUZZLE
When the correct letters are placed in the white spaces this pussie
words both vertically and horizontally.
will spell
The first letter in each word is indi-
eated by n number, which refers to the definition listed below the pussie. Thus
Ne. 1 under the column headed “horizontz!” defines a word which will S11 the
white spaces up to the first black square te the right, and a number under
“vertical” defines a word whick will fill the white squares te the mext black
ome below. No letters geo im the black
spaces. All words used are dictionary
words, except proper names. Abbreviations, slang, initials, technical terms and
obsolete forms are indiented in the definitions.
CROSS-WORD *PUZZLENo. 3.
f 12 4 6 17: 8 [9 [10
7 / 73 “4
5 16 17
8 79 21 2271
23 24 [25 26 27 28
29 |30 J! |J2 33 34
35 36
37 38 39 40 4i
42 43] [44 5 [46
47 48 49 ESO [51
352 33 5 55 56
$7 38 J9 60
6/ G2 63
(©, 1926, Western Newspaper Union.)
Horizontal, Vertical.
Fake SR ati representing the Soumiine part dfifower
bope or an ordinary bishop 3—Praises inordinately
8—Fuss 5—Maiden loved by Zeus
11—F'irst man in the Bible 6—Opportunity
183—Unit of electrical resistance 7—Part of “to be”
(physics) 14—To stupefy 8—Coral reef 9-—Sand hill
15—Formal assembly of the retinue
of a sovereign
17—To make amends for an offense
18—Thoroughfare (abbr.)
19—An avifauna :
22—*“The” in French 24—Thus
26—To perform
27—Nickname for Albert
29-—Pertaining to 31—Sun god
33—In a skyward direction
34—Middlewestern state (abbr.)
35—To rinse the throat
36—To check the progress of
37—First note in Guido’s musical scale
38—Same as 27 horizontal
40—Negative 41—Personal pronoun
42—Indefinite article
43—Insane
47—Thallium (abbr.)
48—Claw of an animal
50—Grand Lodge (abbr.)
52—Western roundup
54—One of the early spring months
57—O0Ild In years
658—A coxcomb or a dandy
60—A high terrace 61—To injure
62—Light boat propelled by paddles
63—Pigpen
45—Negative,
10—Single
14—Highway (abbr.)
16—Preposition
17—Like 20—Sun goa
21—Impersonal pronoun
23—To debate
26—The most powerful of musical
instruments
27—Protective covering for dress
28—To buy provisions for
30—To consume food
32—Everything
33—Decorative vase
39—Liquid measure
42—XKind of tree
44—To accomplish
46—Fiendish giants
47—Roman senator's garb
48—Preposition
49—Continent
sphere (abbr.)
51—To lean to one side, as a boat
52—Male sheep
53—Publisher of a periodical (abbr.)
b5—Denoting afternoon (abbr.)
56—To repose 58—Note of scale
69—River in Italy
12—Man’s title
34—Doctrine
43—Mother
of western hemi-
Solution will appear in next issue.
4
than ever to spend money wisely for
food. A good rule is. for a family ef |
five to spend at least as much for
milk as for meat and fish, and as for
fruit and vegetables.
Proper Care of Food—The proper
care of food, on ice in summer and
covered to protect it from flies and
dust and unnecessary handling will
help to keep down disease.
Attention to Diet—A quart of milk
a day for each growing child will build
bodies capable of resisting disease.
Vitamines or growth producers are
found in milk and fresh vegetables.
PERSONAL HYGIENE. i
A Regular Medical Examination by
Your Physician—This, plus a willing-
ness to follow the doctor’s advice, will
do more than any other one thing ito
find tuberculous disease early, to pre-
vent active or advanced tuberculosis.
An annual inspection is as useful for
“the human machine” as for any fac-
tory equipment, if we are not to be
scrapped before our time. t
Recognizing Early Symptoms—A
persistent cough, fever, unusual
tiredness, loss of weight, loss of
strength, night sweats, blood spitting
—these may mean the beginning ‘of
tuberculosis and should be investigat-
ed at once. Go at once to your physi-
cian or to a clinic.
A Life of Moderation—Excess or
strain of any kind may open the door
for the latent tuberculous infection.
This applies to excessive drinking,
eating, working, playing, or dissipa-
tion of any kind.
Rest—Eight hours of sleep nightly
are necessary for most people if they
are to maintain health. A few min-
utes’ rest each day before meals will
help digestion and build strength.
Exercise and Recreation—Continu-
ous indoor work with no fresh air and
outdoor exercise greatly encourages
the tubercle bacillus. All work and
no play “make Jack a dull boy,” and a
weak one.
The Will to Health—We often hear
that “good wages are essential to good
health.” It is often more true that
good health is essential to good wages.
Health is the greatest economic asset
in work, in play, and in life.
HOW REDUCE DEATHS?
In a number of cases we are going
to fail to prevent infection and to pre-
vent active disease. Is this a hopeless
situation? By no means!
Probably 85 per cent. of cases of tu-
berculosis if taken early can be arrest-
ed or cured. How can this be done?
By seeking the best medical advice
available and by following it.
By recognizing that the treatment
of tuberculosis is fresh air, sunlight,
good food and rest.
By remembering that there are no
drugs and no patent medicines of use
in the treatment of tuberculosis.
The best case for the average case
of tuberculosis is in a sanatorium.
Sanatorium treatment is of great val-
ue even if it is carried out for only a
short time, for it gives the patient a
chance to learn what careful living
means. \
If the patient must stay at home
let him follow explicitly the advice of
his doctor. Let him live out doors,
sleep out doors, and take every ad-
Solution to Crossword Puzzle No. 2.
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vantage of the open air. He has as
good chance to get well in his own
town as anywhere else. The climate
is of little importance.
Once the disease is cured, the pa-
tient must live a careful life.
A WINNING FIGHT.
There is no royal road in fighting
tuberculosis. It requires patience and
co-operation, persistence and courage.
It is up to the patient if he is to get
well. Much of the best work of the
world has been done by tuberculosis
patients. For instance, Robert Louis
Stevenson, Theodore Roosevelt, and
Edward L. Trudeau, the founder of
the first tuberculosis sanatorium in
this country at Saranac Lake.
We are winning the fight against
tuberculosis. We are going to fight it
to a finish.
It is going to take many “summers”
and also “winters” to finish the fight.
It can be done if all lend a hand.
Insurance Against Tuberculosis and
Premature Death Includes
Eating nourishing food and taking
proper care of the body.
Breathing plenty of fresh air, day
and night.
Getting sufficient rest every day.
Undergoing a physical examination
annually.
New. Cancer Cure Saves 150 in 200.
Toronto.—Successful treatment of
cancer by a chemical agent of lead
was announced recently to the Toron-
to Academy of Science, by Prof. W.
Clair Bell, of Liverpool.
Professor Bell's announcement has
world wide interest to the medical
profession.
Answering the question. “Will our
work stand the final test, and does it
lead to the arrest of malignant disease
in Man?” Professar Bell said he was
able to assure the Academy that out
of some two hundred cases treated,
most of which were hopeless, only fif-
ty patients did not recover.
Off-Days.
Old Gentleman: What would you
like to be when you grow up?
Boy: I'd like to be a bricklayer.
Old Gentleman: Why would you
like to be a bricklayer?
Boy: ’Cause there’s so many days
when bricklayers can’t work.—Good
Hardware.
Te ¢
Bilt
Supreme
Hr
Chrismas
>
Beautifully Carved White
Gold Rings . . from
305 10 $100
F. P. Blair & Son
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GERMAN EAN
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