”~ - a
Demoreaic atc
Bellefonte, Pa., November 7, 1924.
WHEN INDIAN FISHES
ITS WORK, NOT SPOR?
Naturally Lazy, He Uses the
Sure and Simple Method.
He kas three ways of doing it—with
® gill-nei, with a dip-net, and with &
jgaff-hook. The familiar hook and
line of the white man he scorns as
Ibeing too slow and entailing too much
hard work. What the Indian wants
is the fish, He cares nothing about
[the sport of the thing, nor the thrill
‘of landing a 12-poupd beauty with an
|eight-onnce rod and a slender silk
line; leave that to the crazy white
man who has nothing else to do. The
Indian wants the fish, and the easler
{he can get them the better he likes
!it, and the more time he has for sleep.
| "His favorite way of catching salmon
{is by the use of the gill-net, since this
method leaves him the maximum
amount of time for his previously men-
itioned sleep. A gill-net is a straight
|piece of netting about twelve feet long
and five or six feet wide. One side has
iwooden floats and the other heavy
leaden weights, so it will hang per-
|pendicular in the water. On either
lend is a stone anchor to keep it
istretched out.
Setting the net is an easy process.
He chooses an eddy or a deep pool in
the river and floats by in his canoe,
{with the net piled in the stern. Whea
the proper spot is reached, he kicks
jone of the anchors overboard. This
|settles to the bottom of the river and
{pulls the net out over the stern as the
jcanee floats leisurely on. When all
lthe net is out of the canoe, he kicks
[the other anchor overboard and his
‘work is done. “*His labors over for
the day, the Indian wends his home-
‘ward way and sinks into repose until
the morrow, leaving the net to catch
his meal, says Adventure Magazine.
The water of the Nooksack river is
never very clear; usually it is muddy.
[This makes it hard for the salmon to
‘see, and thereby brings about their
undoing. They swim around in the
eddies and pools in search of food and,
if a net is there, they are sure to run
into it head-first in the course of a
day or two. The meshes of the net are
not gyite large enough to let an aver-
age-sized salmon through. He gets half-
way through, and then tries to back
out. As he backs out, the meshes of
the net catch under his gills and he
stays there till the owner ot the net
pulls him out.
+ Next day the Indian comes back in
his canoe and pulls the net up, usu-
ally finding four or five salmon in it.
These he either takes home or hides
under a log so he can tell his wife
where to find them. With this supply
of fish, he betakes himself to rest and
does not stir abroad again for a week
or so, or until such time as his larder
is empty.
Only Campfire Smoke
At the recent state G. A. R. encamp-
ment in Frankfort, the annual camp-
fire was the big public event and cre-
ated much interest. The meeting was
held in Howard hall, the Frankfort
High school gymnasium.
One woman who lives a short dis
tance from the hall did not attend.
Her husband returned home about
nine o'clock, while the gathering was
still in session, and as he opened the
front door, remarked: “I smell smoke,
something must be burning.”
His wife looked up from the book
she was reading. “I've heen smell-
ing that,” she said. And then a light
spread over her face and with all se-
riousness she said: “Oh, I know. It's
ithe campfire.,”—Indianapolis News.
Ancient Books Show
Surgery an Old Art
The practice of surgery goes back
as far as the time when man first
began to hurt himself or to be hurt by
others. Medicine and surgery were
flourishing in the Orient some four
centuries B. C. Accounts in ancient
books tell of more than a hundred
instruments of steel, 14 varieties of
bandages, splints made of bamboo, the
sewing of cuts on the head and
face; and there was even an operation
for remaking the nose by using a piece
of skin of the cheek for that purpose.
So it would seem that the Hindu had
a more thorough acquaintance with
the science than one looking back over
the faraway centuries would at first
suspect.
The figures of patients undergoing
operations are carved on Egyptian
monuments and among the antiquities
of that people are such instruments
as lancets, probes, knives and forceps.
In passing it may be remarked that
the latest centuries need not take
credit to themselves for the invention
of artificial teeth, for that triumph
of the dentists’ art has been found in
mummies. ? |
The surgical skill of the Orient
seems to have been bottled up for a
time, or, at least it was in no hurry
to cross over to Europe, where for a
ong period the barber was the usugp
surgeon. The lives of two of Eng-
land’s greatest kings might have been
saved for longer usefulness had a little
‘wisdom been shown in their treatment.
enry V died of a malady which could
have been cured by the knife; Rich-
ard the Lion Hearted met his death
from a wound in the shoulder caused
by an arrow which an ignorant sur-
geon aggravated by twisting about in
[oe efforts to remove, thus inducing
blood poison,
‘| for big-boat navigation meant as little
MOTORS DISPLACE
MULES ON CANAL
Ancien? Craft Replaced by
Self-Propelled Craft on
New York Waterway.
New York.—When the New York
state barge canal was completed for
its full length in 1918 it was obvious
that old methods of navigation would
have to be replaced with something
new, says the New York Times. The
snub-nosed, mule-hauled wooden canal
boats that for almost a century bad
made up the argosy which brought
the wealth of the inland to the sea-
board and gave to New York its posi-
tion of metropolis no longer would
fill the bill, the story continues.
Along with the old canal boat went
the old-time canaler, who for years
had made his leisurely way across the
state, leaning against the tiller, smok-
ing his pipe and looking out for “low
bridge.” The two—the boat and the
boatman—had served their time well;
but now it became evident that both
must pass into the discard. Neither
the boat nor the boatman gave up
easily. A lifetime of canaling was not
lightly to be dropped. They strug-
gled for existence; but the struggle
was in vain. They could not adapt
themselves to new conditions.
Accustomed to the narrow Erie
canal, with its towpath and mules,
the old canaler could not get used to
the wide reaches of the barge canal,
the deep locks, the broad stretches of
Oneida lake, where he sometimes
went almost out of sight of land. He
missed the mules. Slack-water navi-
gation began to take on the charac-
teristics of the sea. New, smart, craft
began to appear, manned with new,
smart young fellows. Their talk had the
tang of salt water. They spoke in
“pells,” “knots” and “fathoms.” They
knew not “low bridge.” Tales of the sea
began to get about the decks. In
short, the period of transition had be-
gun,
It was evident that the wooden
canal boat of the “roaring forties”
could not survive. The only question
was what sort of boat would take its
place.
New Type of Freighter
Only in the last two years has this
question been answered. Now, with
large steel, self-propelled vessels,
veritable motorships, capable of
breasting the boisterous waters of the
Great Lakes and the waves of the
ocean, it becomes evident what sort of
freighter will replace the traditional
canal boat. The old-timers still fre-
quent the canal, but grow fewer and
fewer each year. They still make up
tows that ply the Hudson and navi-
gate the inland waterway to Buffalo
and Montreal, but the barge canal is
not the Erie canal, and the primitive
boat is gradually dropping from sight.
The new freighter did not leap from
the brain of the marine architect at a
single bound.. Rather, it has been a
matter of evolution. You will bear in
mind that, although the barge canal
was completed for its full length in
1918, it was turned over to the War
department in that year and continued
to be operated by the Federal govern-
ment during the war and in 1919 and
1920. There have been but three years
in which commerce, unimpeded by
subsidized traffic, could proceed to de-
velop trade. Those years have seen
surprising progress in boat building
on this inland waterway.
In the development of the type oi
vessel best adapted to use on the
barge canal the Standard Oil Com-
pany of New York has made a valu-
able contribution to commerce, ac-
cording to naval architects. In com-
mon with other shippers, the Standard
Oil Company of New York was alive
to the possibilities of developing busi-
ness hy water, and as soon as the
barge canal was finished in 1918 it put
several towed barges on this canal.
Five stages have marked the evolution
that has gone on.
Old Traditions Persisted.
Although the new barge canal of
tered wide possibilities, the mental
habit of a century persisted. To boat-
men and to boat builders a canal was
a canal. To them a boat for use on 2
canal must be a canal boat. And of
canal boats they knew but one sort—
namely, the mule-hauled craft that
came into-use in the days of De Witt
Clinton. That the Erie canal had gone
into the discard and been filled in
meant nothing to them. That, in place
of the old Erie canal, the Mohawk river
had been dammed in a series of lakes
to navigators as it still means to the
general publie,
The first stage in the evolution of
the new freighter, therefore, was a
close copy of the original canal boat.
It was a craft about 75 feet long and
approximately 22 feet wide. It was
towed by a tug. From four to six of
these boats could enter a lock at once.
The Standard Oil Company of New
York experimented with these towed
barges in 1918, 1919 and 1920.
Reaching the conclusion that the
parge canal was a feasible method of
transportation, the company in the win-
ter of 1920 struck out boldly to de-
velop a self-propelled vessel suitable to
fts needs. That winter it built five
identical boats, namely, the Buffalc So-
cony, the Rochester, the Utica, the
Albany and the Syracuse Socony. Each
was about 150 feet long, 28 feet beam
and had a loaded draft of about 9 feet.
Hach had a 200-horse power gasoiine
engine and pumping machinery, uiso
driven by gas engines.
The five boats piied the barge canal
successfully during 1921 and 1922, go-
ing not only to Buffalo but through
Lake Champlain.
The Buffalo Socony type marks the
second stage in the evolution. It dem
onstrated that the self-propelled craft
is superior to the hauled barge in
economy, in speed and in dispatch of
deliveries.
Because these five boats were a suc
cess, the Standard Oil Company of
New York considered the next step,
namely, making larger boats. In the
winter of 1922-23 the company’s ma-
rine architects lengthened the five
boats in the Buffalo fleet by inserting a
40-foot section amidships, making each
of them 190 feet long. This added a
carrying capacity of 112,000 more gal-
lons to each boat. Experience in one
season proved that it cost no more to
operate the lengthened boat than it did
when the craft had its original dimen-
sions. This demonstrated the feasi-
bility of using a still larger craft. The
vear of 1923, therefore, marks the third
stage in the evolution of the barge
canal freight carrier.
Largest Boat Launched in 1923.
The fourth stage began in June, 1923,
when the company’s largest boat yet
was launched—the Troy Socony, 245
feet long, 37 feet 6 inches in the bear
end 14 feet deep.
Meantime so great was the success
of water transport that a subsidiary of
the Standard Oil Company of New
York had been formed, called tke
Standard Transportation company. It
was the latter company that prepared
the design for the Troy Socony, which
was built in the winter of 1922-23 by
the Sun Shipbuilding company of Ches
ter, Pa.
A year of operation had proved its
efficiency, its owners assert. The boat
has a carrying capacity of 571,848 gal-
lons, beside its own fuel, amounting to
13,386 gallons. The Troy Socony is a
twin-screw Diesel propelled ship.
When her 14 tanks are filled, she
draws 12 feet of water. In this vessel
the modern motor ship is seen at a
high state of perfection. The two
Diesel engines develop about 300-
horse power each. These engines
drive two bronze propellers, and the
ship, fully loaded, can make about
nine knots. There are two cargo
pumps, each of which is able te dis-
charge the entire cargo in six hours.
The pumps are operated by a separate
45-horse power Diesel engine. There
are electric generating sets for light-
Ing service and for operating the elec:
tric steering gear and windlasses.
The c¢)mfort of the crew, numbering
16, is provided in commodious quarters.
In all the recent types of the Standard
Transportation company’s fleet the
pilot house and bridge are situate¢
amidships to give unrestricted viev
of the vessel fore and aft.
Can Operate at Sea.
While the Troy Socony was designed
to navigate the barge canal, she was
constructed with a view to use on Long
Island sound in the winter. In passing,
it may be said that the seaworthy qual-
ities of vessels of this type are shown
in the fact that one boat went down
the Atlantic coast, through the Pan-
ama canal and up the Pacific coast.
fighting a gale that wrecked larger ves-
sels.
However, the last word has not been
zpoken in inland waterway navigation.
The fifth stage in the evolution of the
new vessel is now in process. It will
result in the launching this season of
elght additional vessels of the Troy So-
cony type. except that they will be
larger.
Each of these vessels that are now
suilding will be 260 feet long, 40 feet
in the beam and 14 feet in depth of
hold. They can carry 705,000 gallons
aplece and will have 700-horse power
in their propelling engines.
¥ach step in the evolution has seer
greater departure from the canal boat
style. In this final step the ship-
builder has broken with tradition al-
most entirely. He has produced a
vessel not only with a sharp bow and
a generally smart appearance, but has
given to the eight new boats a sheer
elevating the prow and stern higher:
than the middle of the boat. This
makes a better looking and more sea-
worthy vessel. The Standard Trans-
portation company is having five of the
new boats built by the Sun Shipbuild-
ing company at Chester, Pa., and three
by the New York Shipbuilding cor-
poration at Camden, N. J.
Large though these eight vessels are
they do not measure up to the capacity
of the barge canal locks, which are
810 feet long and 44 feet wide. The
eight newest vessels contain many re-
finements not found in the others.
They have electrical apparatus for
operating the main cargo pumps, also
a quarter-ton refrigerating plant. This
is the fifth—and for the present final—
step in the evolution of the type of
boats best adapted for barge canal nav-
igation. Practically the entire dis-
tribution of Standard Oil products for
New York state Is carried on now by
water.
The Standard Oil Company ef New
York is not the only company that has
large boats on the barge canal. There
arc two lines from Duluth with boats
‘that successfully navigate the Great
Lakes. under their own power and bring
cargoes from Minnesota to New York.
U.S. Seeks to Perfect
Liquid Oxygen Cartridges
~ Washington.—Possibilities of devel-
oping a successful cartridge Ingredient
from the absorption of liquid oxygen
are to be investigated by G. St. J.
Perrott, associate physical chemist of
the Department of the Interior, who
has been detailed to observe methods
emyloyed In the use of such oxygen
explosives in a silver-lead mine near
Pachuca, . Mex... The Pachuca mine,
which -has used liquid oxygen for sev-
eral years, is the only mine in North
America employing the explosive iz
dally blasting operations.
WHAT SOLDIERS 2 ATE.
Members of Pennsylvania’s Nation-
al-Guard, who camped at Mt. Gretna
this summer ate the product of 15
acres of potatoes based on the aver-
age yield last year and more than four
and one-half miles of frankfurters.
The substance report of Major Leo
A. Lutringer of the Quartermaster
corps, disclosed that 10,387 pounds of
frankfurters were consumed in the
108, 865 rations furnished. The
“franks” were substituted this year
for mutton, which formerly was on
the ration list.
The cost for each man’s mess was
42.4 cents a day, Adjutant General
Frank D. Beary said, which he point-
ed out included a full ration of fresh
meat and fresh vegetables and one-
third ration of canned vegetables dai-
ly, as well as the one chicken dinner
with ice cream and all the “trimmin’s”
served each outfit. He declared the
cost of mess was reduced by a careful
inspection of all garbage without cut-
ting the quality or quantity of food.
Each day the menu for the men
was inspected as well as the kitchen
and the tableware. General Beary
said: “This was done that the guards-
men might be assured perfect clean-
liness and balanced rations.” As a
result of the cost of the mess and
the varied menus, the United States
War Department has requested cop-
ies of the menus, in order to make a
comparison with other camps.
Real Estate Transfers.
Bellefonte Trust Co., Exr., to Robert
3. Kinga, tract in Spring township;
William H. Stuart, Admr., to Cal-
BD D. Miller, tract in Rush township;
int L. Hancock, et vir, et al,
to Julia J. Ramiza, tract in Rush town-
ship; $4,000.
Robert Spicer to Lester E. Baird,
tract in Spring township; $4,500.
Jane V. Robb to Edgar Lloyd Rog-
ers, tract in Walker township; $350.
Methodist church, Port Matilda, to
U. Scott Crain, tract in Worth town-
ship; $2,300.
W. F. Rich, et ux, to J. R. Daugh-
enbaugh, tract in Howard; $1,175.
B. Agnes Lose, et bar, to Arthur C.
Dale, tract in Bellefonte; $250.
Tillie Stonebraker, et bar, to J.
Clyde Thomas, tract in Taylor town-
ship; $50.
J. D. Keller, et ux, to J. Mack Stew-
art, tract in State College; $1.
William Stine, et ux, to Louis
Parsky, tract in Philipsburg; $1.
John L. Holmes, et al, to Robert T.
Hafer, tract in State College; $750.
~ Ollie G. Watson to George W. Holt,
et al, tract in Boggs township; $100.
J. E. Fleming to Edna Fleming,
tract in State College; $400.
TONIGHT
TQMORROW
ALRIGHT
Be Well
And Happy
—and you have Nature's
Ba Ei rab) sblets) a
eamedy laxative, t
the oe and rs bes
Constipation, Biliousness,
Sick Headaches.
renewing that vigor and good feel.
ing so necessary to being well and
happy. Used for Over
> Ro 30 Years
Chips off the Old Ee
NR JUNIORS===sLittle NRs
The same NR —in one-third doses,
candy-coated. For children and adults,
. Sold By Your Druggist
C. M. PARRISH
BELLEFONTE, PA.
CHICHESTER S 3 BSRLS
Yew Woicls Mew Words
‘thousands of them spelled,
pronounced.and defined in
a few samples
broadcast abreaction
agrimotor hot pursuit
Blue Cross mystery ship ¢
rotogravure junior college “
Esthonia askari Fascista
altigraph cyper Riksdag
Flag Day sippio Red Star
mud gun sterol paravane
® Ruthene Swaraj . megabar‘}
¢ rollmop taiga plasmon §
sugamo sokol shoneen
psorosis soviet precool
duvetyn realtor S.P.boat
Czecho-Slovak camp-fire girl
aerial cascade Air Council
Devil Dog activation
Federal Land Bank
Is this Storehouse
of Information
Serving You?
G.&C.MERRIAM CO eB
BE PM ea yey
Womens and Misses Coate
A big collection of exclusive styles
and the newest models. Coats fur-trim-
med in light fur, brown and black. Cloth Coats with-
out fur, in braided effects; also button-trimmed—in
the new cloths and new colors.
Prices Temptingly Low
We have Coats to fit the junior (regular size)
and have made special effort this season to fit the
out-size.
Silk and Wool Dresses
You will be surprised to see the
large assortment of Silk Dresses in all
the new colors—Green, Brown, Tan, Hollywood, Black,
Taupe. If you want a plain self-trimmed Dress we can
show these. Or if you want the Bulgarian touches,
beaded, or Roman colors, we have these—$14.98 up.
Wool Dresses—A large line, all kinds, all
colors; also a full assortment in silks and wool (extra
sizes) at prices that can’t be matched.
Art and Embroidery
We can Give you Anything in the Stamped Linens
Begin your Xmas Gifts Now
« Lyon & Co.
Lyon & Co.
Come to the “Watchman” office for High Class Job work.
$3.00 $3.00
Boys School Shoes
Guaranteed to Wear
or a New Pair Given
Only $3.00
Store Open Thursday Afternoon
Yeager’s Shoe Store
THE SHOE STORE FOR THE POOR MAN
Bush Arcade Building 58-27 BELLEFONTE, PA.