. Bellefonte, Pa., August 22, 1924.
THE FRAGRANT WEED.
By L. A. Miller.
Sublime tobacco!
Divine in hokas; glorious in pipe,
When tipped with amber, mellow, rich and
ripe,
Like other charmers wooing the caress—
More dazzling when daring a full dress
Yet thy true lovers more admire by far
Thy naked beauty; Give me a cigar.
—Byron.
Poets are neary all smokers, but,
thank goodness, smokers are not near-
ly all poets.
Tobacco smoke probably has a good
effect on the poet on account of its
soothing, quieting influence on the
nerves. It is also stimulating to a
certain degree, and, like alcohol, in-
duces bouyancy of spirits and activ-
ity of brain for a short time. If kept
up too long, like alcohol, it produces
sickness and nervous prostration. To
some these effects may seem paradox-
ical, but any one who has tried it can
testify that a good cigar will allay
nervousness, and at the same time
stimulate and invigorate the nervous,
system. It is plain enough when it is,
known that nervousness, nervous Ir-
ritability and nerve pain are reliable
indications that the nervous system is
below par.
That what relieves pain and the
other disagreeable sensations peculiar
to the conditions must have sufficient
stimulating properties about it to
bring the nerves up to par. Opium,
and all other narcotics are more or
less stimulating.
Tobacco occupies a place between
the poppy and Indian hemp, being less
of an excitant than either and not so
deleterious to health or injurious to
the mind. Senility and insanity are
early results of the use of hash-hish,
follow sooner or later by the use of
opium. The quantity of each of these
must be constantly increased in order
to satisfy an intolerable craving. In
this they both resemble alcohol. To-
bacco causes a craving, ‘tis true, but
the same quantity of it satisfies the
taste at all times, except occasionally
when the nervous system is in an un-
usually irritable condition.
That the excessive use of tobacco
will cause insanity is doubtless true,
yet the probabilities are that in many
cases, where it has been assigned as|
the cause of insanity, its excessive use
has been prompted or induced by a
morbid condition of the nervous sys-
tem, which would have eventually led
to the same results.
The habit of smoking was introduc-
ed into the court of Queen Elizabeth
by her particular friend, Sir Walter
Raleigh. The Queen herself made an
attempt to smoke Sir Walter’s pipe,
but she never made another. How-
ever, she enjoyed watching him
“plowing clouds.” It was Thomas
Heriot, the traveler, who got Sir
Walter to smoking. On one of Her-
iot’s trips to Virginia he saw the In-
dians smoking and became much in-
terested in the novel habit. In his
notes on the visit he says: “There is
an herb which is raised apart by itself
and is called by the inhabitants yp-
powoc. The Spaniards generally call
it tobacco. The leaves thereof are
dried and brought into powder; they
take the fumes of smoke thereof by
sucking it through pipes of clay into
their stomachs and heads.”
Sir Walter did not suck the smoke
into his “stomach or.head” like the In-
dians, but smoked like a white man,
having had a silversmith make him a
silver pipe. It is a fact, however, that
the Indians did inhale or breathe the
smoke, just as described by Heriot,
and they do so yet.
One day a servant entered Sir Wal-
ter’s room bearing a pot of ale. See-
ing the master sitting perfectly still
with streams of smoke pouring out of
his nose and mouth, he dashed the ale
in his face and ran through the house
screaming at the top of his voice that
Sir Walter was on fire.
Amurath IV, of Turkey, made the
offense of smoking punishable by
death. As nearly all the officials of
the land smoked he was furnished an
excuse for chopping their heads off,
which was much cheaper than hiring
an assassin to put them out of the
way, The Emperor of Persia, seeing
how nicely the scheme worked, adopt-
ed it as a law of his realm, and soon
had the satisfaction of having the
heads of all disagreeable officials in a
basket. Pope Urban VIII issued a bill
against the use of tobacco in churches,
and urged the priesthood to abstain
from it entirely.
There is a great deal in the way
men handle cigars. The easy-going
man smokes only enough to keep his
cigar lighted, and enjoys taking it
from his mouth ai.d watching the blue
smoke melting in the air. The cool,
calculating, exacting man never re-
leases his cigar froin the grip he has
on it and is seemingly indifferent as
to whether it is lighted or not. The
man whose cigar goes out frequently
is a whole-souled, devil-may-care sort
of fellow, with a glib tongue and fond
of telling stories. The lazy man takes
his cigar half way into his mouth and
smokes as though it were a bore to do
it. The fop stands his cigar on end,
or as nearly so as possible, while the
determined hanger-on style of man
takes a firm hold on the weed with
his teeth, and smokes as though he
meant business.
The smoker who smokes for the
good there is in it selects a cigar to
his taste, lights it carefully, takes it
firmly, yet gently, between his lips,
points it either straight ahead or al-
most at right angles with his course
gd pulls away as though he enjoyed
it.
Tobacco’s a physician,
Good both for sound and sickly;
Tis hot perfume
That expels cold rheum,
And makes it flow down quickly.
Cambridge Students Song.
—He (ardently)—“Have you never
met a man' whose touch seemed to
thrill every fiber of your being?”
She—*“Oh, yes, once—a dentist.”—
Boston Transcript.
HARD SLEDDING TO
GET AN EDUCATION
Youth of Early America
Had No Primrose Path.
We often hear “the good old days”
spoken of with much feeling, and do
not stop to consider that the present
days are far and away better. In the
matter of an education, for instance, it
was so difficult a matter to acquire one
that only the most determined student
had the courage to face and overcome
the obstacles which beset his path, re-
marks a writer in the Kansas City
Times, :
The schoolhouses were poor and un-
comfortable, but the books and the
teachers were worse. Every one of the
thirteen colonies, except Rhode Island,
required the building of schoolhouses
and the education of children at a very
early date. In 1638, only six years
after the settlement of Boston, the
central court voted one-half of the in-
come of the entire colony to the estab-
lishment of a school, and later this
became Harvard college.
However, this thirst for knowledge,
ft may be noted, was not always ap-
proved. Governor Berkley, that nar-
row-minded Englishman, wrote home
in 1670, “Thank God that in Virginia
there are no free schools, and no print-
ing, and I hope we shall not have
them, for they bring heresy and diso-
bedience.”
But up to 1700 small groups were
gathered in Virginia neighborhoods
under a teacher, or young men were
gent to England for an education.
Sometimes, in an old deserted tobacco
house, a number of the neighborhood
children from nearby plantations were
gathered for daily lessons. In one of
these old fieldhouses, as they were
commonly called, a certain character
of the times—a man known as ‘“Hob-
by"—taught such a little school for
some years. It is from him that George
Washington is said to have gained
much of his education. “Hobby” was
sexton, pedagogue, and the most con-
ceited man of his times, if records
may be relled upon.
After this, Washington rode on
horseback to a smaller school ten miles
away. The next year he rowed across
to Fredericksburg each morning to a
teacher, and back again at night, and
this completed his attendance at
school.
Gaining even this degree of education
nad not been easy, but, as with all
other tasks undertaken by Washing-
ton, his own part was conscientiously
performed. The notebooks and pam-
phlets used in the classes at Fredericks-
burg have been carefully preserved
and prove painstaking care. They are
now in the library of congress.
In 1647 it was required that every
county of 50 families provide a school,
and if a family had children and no
means to pay for their schooling it was
ordered that they be sent free of
charge. But it was not until after
the Revolution that free schools as we
know them existed in America—that
is, schools provided for by taxes.
When the schools of Boston were
made free, the country was at once
marked for its liberality, not only at
home but in Europe, as such an experi
ment had been tried no place else in
the world.
But it was the teacher who took the
chance at this early date, for her pay
was in beans, peas, skins, corn meal
or any of the exchanges used for
money. A child was kept seated by the
open window, to watch out for possible
purchasers of these things. In 1734
all children were ordered barred from
the fire whose fathers had not sent
their share of fuel. But this must not
have been a popular ruling nor one
which long endured.
Elusive “M. Esk”
A Paris messenger boy with an ex-
press letter spent a hot half hour
vainly searching for a “M. Esk,” says
the Continental edition of the London
Mail. That was how he read the
pame on the envelope. But the con:
clerge had never heard of M. Esk,
‘She thought of Her clients one by one
but declared that no person by the
name of M. Esk could possibly live
on the premises. But the boy had
faith in the address. He set to work
to search the building for M. Esk. I
was a big block of flats and it took
some time to ring at every door tc
inquire it the mysterious M. Esk lived
there. But he was rewarded. An
Englishman answered the door at on¢
flat and claimed the letter. But the
Jetter was addressed thus: “Johy
Jones, Esq.” And this is quite s
sufficient explanation of the messenge!
boy's difficulty.
New Plastic Wood Product
A British concern is now manufac
turing a collodion preparation made
with finely ground wood. It comes ir
the form of a soft putty. It can bg
molded and shaped with the hands 0
tools. The material is sald to be wa
terproof and to set hard, after whick
it can be worked with tools much the
same as natural wood. Nalls may be
driven into it without cracking it. I
desired it may be softened after it has
set by the application of a special sol
vent. Plastic wood, as the product If
ealled, is expected to be particularly
useful for pattern-makers and molders
Need Universal Language
With the growth of air flying as
&vil method of transportation a grea
peed is being found for a universa
air language. A good wireless op
érator attached to the big airplane sta
' fons redlly needs to know English
French, Chinese, Dutch, German, Span
ish and Italian to be 100 per cent effi
cient in his duties.
Huge Estates Held Up
Progress of Mexico
For four hundred years less than
ten thousand families have owned
Mexico, says Ramon P. De Negril in
the Survey. I do not mean merely
controlled, influenced, directed, dom-
inated. I mean physically owned and
disposed of as a personal heritage.
Humboldt sald, “Mexico is the coun-
try of inequity. Nowhere does there
exist such a fearful difference in the
distribution of fortune, civilization,
cultivation of the soil and population.”
It was more than slavery. It was a
situation where one man owned not
an estate, but a state, a kingdom ak
most.
When the Spaniard came and settled
in Mexico, he came as a conqueror
into a populated country. A system
of encomiendas was developed by
which he took the land of the con-
quered people and the people to work
the land he had taken.
Cortez, for instance, claimed for
himself some 25,000 square miles, in-
cluding 22 towns with all the lands
that these towns owned and all the
people that lived in them—something
over 115,000 men, women and children,
With this possession went all the pre-
rogatives of sovereignty, control over
life and liberty and fortune, and this
estate of Cortez, like most of the other
large estates of Mexico, was entailed
and persisted as a unit up to the be-
ginning of the Nineteenth century. In
fact, the records show that before
disentailment was imposed this par-
ticular estate had 15 villas, 157 pueb-
las, 80 haciendas, 119 ranchos, 5 es-
tanias and contained 150,000 people—
all of this the personal possession of
the descendants of Cortez.
Nor was this the only large encom-
fenda. Pedro de Alvarado received
the district of Xochimilco with some
80,000 inhabitants. One of the fa-
vorites of the Spanish king was given
what is now the entire state of Guana-
juato. As early as 1572 there was 507
encomiendas. In addition, other large
estates developed through one form or
another. The result was that most of
the free communal land holding of
the days before the conquest disap-
peared. A small number of Span-
fards owned practically all of inhab-
ited Mexico as their private posses
sion.
The Spanish kings at different times
tried to destroy, to limit, to under-
mine the large estates of Mexico, but
every attempt met with resistance,
and many a law and decree of the
king was marked by the viceroy,
“Obeyed but not executed.”
After 120 Years
On July 5, 1808, Capt. Meriwether
Lewis and Willam Clark, commis-
sioned by President Jefferson to ex-
plore the Northwest to the Pacific, left
Washington, D. C., westward bound.
Two and one-half years later, on
March 23, 1806, having accomplished
their objective after wintering on the
banks of the Columbia, they turned
their faces eastward and hurrying
back they were able to recross the
continent in eleven months.
A short time ago one man climbed
into his airplane on the East coast
at dawn and as twilight deepened into
dusk along the shore of the Pacific he
swung down through the mist and
taxied aeross the field to a stop. The
time elapsed on his journey, made
without a mishap, is measured not in
days and months and years, but in
hours, minutes and seconds. The
transcontinental trip that took Lewis
and Clark more than two years to
cover, Lieut. Russell L. Maughan,
army flyer, accomplished ip 18 hours,
16 minutes flying time, His average
speed was 158.17 miles an hour.—From
the St. Paul Ploneer Press.
Smoke Screen a Menace
The smoke screen, long used as a
protective device for battleships, now
becomes a menace to them, according
to authorities of the united air serv-
ice. A screen sprecd above a fleet of
battleships by special smoke-emitters
attached to fast small planes makes it
impossible for the approach of the
aerial bomb fleet to be observed. This
enables the attacking planes to fly low,
when, with sensitive finders, they pick
up the doomed battleboat by sound, ad.
just their alm and loose the bomb in
safety except for the possibility of a
chance shot fired blindly against the
pull of smoke by the anti-aircraft guns
con the ship below.
It 1s a strange thing to find tne
screen employed as a weapon of of-
fense against the very craft which
originally produced it as a defensive
measure.
Irrigation’s Reward
Bahawalpur, an independent Indian
étate, is now a mere fringe of cultiva-
tion bordering upon the Indus river
and southern Punjab. With the com-
pletion of the Sukkur barrage and
Sutlej canal, however, practically 2,
000,000 acres, especially adapted to
wheat and cotton, will be added to the
crop acreage of the state, which bids
fair to become one of the richest in
that region. It is estimated that the
present population of 750,000 will be
increased by 000,000 colonists from
other parts of India.
Ear Splitting Silence
Flynn and O'Leary were employed
as extra men in the repair shop of a
large hardware concern. The “boys”
were all old friends and they jostled
and sang and whistled without letup.
Said Flynn: “This is the nolsest
place I iver worked in, Pat.”
Said O'Leary: “I believe, ye, Mike.
Th’ only toime it's quiet here fs whin
some one stharts the gas engine and
drowns th' noise,”—Good Hardware.
HERIFF'S SBALE.—By virtue of a
writ of Fieri Facias issued out of
the Court of Common Pleas of Cen-
tre County, Pennsylvania, and to me di-
rected, there will be exposed to Public
Sale at the Court House in the Borough of
Bellefonte, Pa., on
SATURDAY, AUGUST 30th, 1924
at 1:30 oclock p. m., the following describ-
ed real estate, as follows:
All those three certain messuages, tene-
ments and tracts of land situate, lying and
being in the Borough of Philipsburg,
County of Centre and State of Pennsyl-
vania, bounded and described as follows,
to wit: —
The First: Beginning at the corner of
North Water or Railroad street and
Spruce street; thence along Spruce street
Northeasterly one hundred (100) feet,
more or less to alley of T. H. Switzer,
thence along said alley Southeasterly six-
ty (60) feet to line of premises of Matthew
Gowland ; thence along the line of Matthew
Gowland Southeasterly one hundred (100)
feet, more or less, to North Water or Rail-
road street as aforesaid; thence along the
same Northwesterly sixty (60) feet to the
lace of beginning, and being part of lot
No. 6 in the plan of Philipsburg Borough.
The Second: Beginning at a point in
line of lot No. 6 sixty (60) feet Southeast
of the corner of Spruce and North Water
or Railroad street; thence along the line of
part of lot No. 6 (above described) East-
erly one hundred (100) feet, more or less,
to line of T. H. Switzer’s alley; thence at
right angles from a point sixty (60) feet
Southeasterly from the intersection of
Switzer’'s alley with Spruce street, seventy-
two (72) feet, more or less, to the lot of
the I. O. O. F.; thence by the line of the
same Southwesterly one hundred (100)
feet more or less, to North Water or Rail-
road street; thence along the same North-
easterly seventy-two (72) feet to the place
of beginning, being parts of lots Nos. 6
and 7 and having erected thereon the plant
of the Gowland Manufacturing Company,
now the Gill Manufacturing Company.
The Third: Beginning at a post in the
Eastern line of the right of way of the
Tyrone and Clearfield Railroad Company,
and at the common corner between lots
No. 849 and at the Southwestern corner of
lot herein described; thence along the
Eastern line of the right of way aforesaid
North 33 degrees West a distance of six-
ty-six (66) feet to post corner of lot No. 7
now or formerly owned by Mrs. Gowland:
thence by line of said lot No. 7 North 57
degrees Fast a distance of one hundred
(100) feet to a post in the residue of lot,
South 33 degrees East a distance of sixty-
six (66) feet to a post in the Northern line
of lot No. 9 now or formerly owned by
Thomas Barnes; and thence by line of said
lot No. 9 South 57 degrees West a distance
of one hundred (100) feet to a post in the
line of the right of way of said Railroad
Company, the place of beginning. It being
the Western part of lot No. 8 as laid down
in the plot or plan of Philipsburg Bor-
ough, and being the same premises which
were sold and conveyed unto the Gowland
Manufacturing Company by Jacob Swires
et ux by deed dated June 1st, 1903, and
recorded at Bellefonte, Pa., in Deed Book
Vol. 90, at page 334 as by reference there-
to being had will more fully and at large
appear.
The first two of the above named tracts
of land having been sold and conveyed
unto the Gowland Manufacturing Company
by John Gowland et al by deed dated May
6th, 1903, and recorded at Bellefonte, Pa.,
in Deed Book Vol. 90, at Jase 286 as. by
reference thereto being had will more ful-
ly and at large appear.
The said Gowland Manufacturing Com-
pany, a corporation, by proceedings duly
and regularly had and of record in the
office of the Secretary of the Common-
wealth at Harrisburg. Pa., and in the office
of the Recorder of Deeds in and for the
County of Centre, at Bellefonte, Pa., did
cause its Corporate name, style and title
to be changed from that of the Gowland
Manufacturing Company to the Gill Man-
ufacturing Company, the grantor herein,
wherein and whereby the title of property
theretofore standing in the name of The
Gowland Manufacturing Company did be-
come hy operation of the law duly vested
as The Gill Manufacturing Company,
grantor herein. Being the same nremises
sold and conveved unto Philipsbure
Foundry & Machine Company by Gill
Manufacturing Companv by deed dated
December 31st. 1917, and recorded at Belle-
fonte, Pa., in Deed Book Vol. 119, at page
Seized, levied upon, taken in exeention
and to be sold as the property of Philips-
burg Foundry & Machine Company.
Terms of Sale:—No deed will be
acknowledged until the purchase money is
paid in full.
E. R. TAYLOR, Sheriff.
Bellefonte, Pa., Aug. 4, 1924, 69-31-3t
INANCIAL STATEMENT.—Summary
of the Annual Statement of the
School District of Bellefonte Bor-
ough for the year ending July 7th, 1924:
Asessed Valuation.............. $ vigiiy 00
Personal Property Tax........ 2700 00
Per Capita TaX......coresiesse 5962 50
For School Purposes, 18 mills. . 28930 43
For Sinking Fund and Interest
3: mils... A 5271 75
Total Amount of Taxes........ $ 42864 68
Account of Charles F. Cook, Treasurer:
RECEIPTS—GENERAL FUND.
To Balance on Hand July 2nd,
1928. covesniive di heen siete 541 20
To Receipts from General
Property AX es tures sen 43628 56
Tuition, non-resident pupils... 10507 43
General Appropriation......... 12780 00
Vocational Appropriation...... 1173 33
Manudl Training. .............. 496 70
Sale of Books, Etc......c.ute.n 121 19
Refunds ~.....;..... 285 97
Tax Liens.. 589
Rent .ieeeea 25 00
Amt. Received on Notes........ 7500 00
Total Receipts......... $ T7648 T1
EXPENDITURES.
Expense of Administration:
General Control..... $2249.36
Educational ........ 4.59
Compulsory Ed..... 90.48—$ 2364 4
Expense of Instruction........ $ 43695 14
Expense of Operation,......... 5811 1
Expense of Maintenance....... 2474 36
Expense of Fixed Charges..... 1462 08
Expense of Debt Service....... 17190 93
Expense of Capital Outlay..... 3879 63
Expense of Auxiliary Agencies. 161
Total Expenditures....$ 77038 69
By Bal. in Centre County
BapK ii. iiiniven $104.87
By Bal. in Bellefonte Trust
0 dS erin, H 610 02
$§ 764871
SINKING FUND ACCOUNT.
Receipts :—
To Amt. in Treasurer’s hands
July-2nd, 1023... .,.. 7... $ 11251 45
To Amt. Received from Gen-
eral Tumnd<i tL i sl a. 5521 77
To Amt. Received as Interest... 516 87
Total Receipts......... $ 17290 09
Expenditures :—
By Amt. State Tax on Bonded
BICOL iv sruniannaseersnrsninsns 296 00
By Interest Paid on Bonded
Debt ie sianassensineis sie 2600 00
Bal. in Fund July 7th, 1924:
Certificate of Dep..$ 4394.00
U. Bonds.........10000.00—$ 14394 09
Tot) tess sbuivenses $ 17290 09
CASH ACCT. OF A. H. SLOOP, Principal.
Recel
6 So
To Amt. Received from School
Board: ......e.0. snr suns “o's 184 58
Expenditures :—
By Amt Paid for Postage,
Express, Bte,...c.iiii0000n 172 94
By Bal. on hand July 7, 1924... 11 64
Motali........s: ereess 184 58
BALANCE SHEET OF SCHOOL DIST.
Assets iw
Amt. in Banks July 7th, 1924..8 610 22
Amt. Due from A. H. Sloop.... 11 64
Amt. Due from Herbert Auman,
Collector . "es 3789 27
Amt. due from Tuition.. “es 4441 01
Amt. due on Tax Liens... 2524 83
Amt. in Sinking Fund......... 14394 09
$ 25770 86
Liabilities :—
New Bonded Debt,......... ...$ 65000 00
Outstanding Notes.........c.us 10500 00
Total Liabilities...... ..$ 75500 00
Total AsSetB.cevcvesas “es 25770 86
Net Indebtedness........ eased 40720 14
D. A. BARLETT,
C. L. GAT
ATES,
M. T. RISENHAUER,
Bellefonte Pa.,
Borough Auditors.
July 380, 1024, 60-31-3t
Lyon & Co. Lyon & Co.
-August Sales-
Will mean greater reductions in every de-
partment.
An excellent opportunity to choose from
an entire Stock of Summer Materials.
Voilles, crepes, lawns, at ridiculously low
prices.
Children’s rompers, creepers, dresses and
boys’ suits—all sizes, specially priced at 98c
Our Self Reducing All Rubber Corset,
Price, $8.50.
Come expecting to find the most marvel
ous values you have ever seen—you will not
be disappointed.
Lyon & Co. « Lyon & Co.
Come to the “Watchman” office for High Class J ob work.
Prices Reduced
at. Yeagers
Sh We have made a Very Liberal Reduc-
tion on the price of Ladies Pumps and
Sandals.
This season’s goods—not old styles.
i $8
of
Pumps
and Sandals
now $4.85
#2 Yeager’s Shoe Store
Ii] THE SHOE STORE FOR THE POOR MAN
85 Bush Arcade Building 58-27 BELLEFONTE, PA.
EU UE UES LIC UEUCL
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