. Bellefonte, Pa., August 22, 1924. THE FRAGRANT WEED. By L. A. Miller. Sublime tobacco! Divine in hokas; glorious in pipe, When tipped with amber, mellow, rich and ripe, Like other charmers wooing the caress— More dazzling when daring a full dress Yet thy true lovers more admire by far Thy naked beauty; Give me a cigar. —Byron. Poets are neary all smokers, but, thank goodness, smokers are not near- ly all poets. Tobacco smoke probably has a good effect on the poet on account of its soothing, quieting influence on the nerves. It is also stimulating to a certain degree, and, like alcohol, in- duces bouyancy of spirits and activ- ity of brain for a short time. If kept up too long, like alcohol, it produces sickness and nervous prostration. To some these effects may seem paradox- ical, but any one who has tried it can testify that a good cigar will allay nervousness, and at the same time stimulate and invigorate the nervous, system. It is plain enough when it is, known that nervousness, nervous Ir- ritability and nerve pain are reliable indications that the nervous system is below par. That what relieves pain and the other disagreeable sensations peculiar to the conditions must have sufficient stimulating properties about it to bring the nerves up to par. Opium, and all other narcotics are more or less stimulating. Tobacco occupies a place between the poppy and Indian hemp, being less of an excitant than either and not so deleterious to health or injurious to the mind. Senility and insanity are early results of the use of hash-hish, follow sooner or later by the use of opium. The quantity of each of these must be constantly increased in order to satisfy an intolerable craving. In this they both resemble alcohol. To- bacco causes a craving, ‘tis true, but the same quantity of it satisfies the taste at all times, except occasionally when the nervous system is in an un- usually irritable condition. That the excessive use of tobacco will cause insanity is doubtless true, yet the probabilities are that in many cases, where it has been assigned as| the cause of insanity, its excessive use has been prompted or induced by a morbid condition of the nervous sys- tem, which would have eventually led to the same results. The habit of smoking was introduc- ed into the court of Queen Elizabeth by her particular friend, Sir Walter Raleigh. The Queen herself made an attempt to smoke Sir Walter’s pipe, but she never made another. How- ever, she enjoyed watching him “plowing clouds.” It was Thomas Heriot, the traveler, who got Sir Walter to smoking. On one of Her- iot’s trips to Virginia he saw the In- dians smoking and became much in- terested in the novel habit. In his notes on the visit he says: “There is an herb which is raised apart by itself and is called by the inhabitants yp- powoc. The Spaniards generally call it tobacco. The leaves thereof are dried and brought into powder; they take the fumes of smoke thereof by sucking it through pipes of clay into their stomachs and heads.” Sir Walter did not suck the smoke into his “stomach or.head” like the In- dians, but smoked like a white man, having had a silversmith make him a silver pipe. It is a fact, however, that the Indians did inhale or breathe the smoke, just as described by Heriot, and they do so yet. One day a servant entered Sir Wal- ter’s room bearing a pot of ale. See- ing the master sitting perfectly still with streams of smoke pouring out of his nose and mouth, he dashed the ale in his face and ran through the house screaming at the top of his voice that Sir Walter was on fire. Amurath IV, of Turkey, made the offense of smoking punishable by death. As nearly all the officials of the land smoked he was furnished an excuse for chopping their heads off, which was much cheaper than hiring an assassin to put them out of the way, The Emperor of Persia, seeing how nicely the scheme worked, adopt- ed it as a law of his realm, and soon had the satisfaction of having the heads of all disagreeable officials in a basket. Pope Urban VIII issued a bill against the use of tobacco in churches, and urged the priesthood to abstain from it entirely. There is a great deal in the way men handle cigars. The easy-going man smokes only enough to keep his cigar lighted, and enjoys taking it from his mouth ai.d watching the blue smoke melting in the air. The cool, calculating, exacting man never re- leases his cigar froin the grip he has on it and is seemingly indifferent as to whether it is lighted or not. The man whose cigar goes out frequently is a whole-souled, devil-may-care sort of fellow, with a glib tongue and fond of telling stories. The lazy man takes his cigar half way into his mouth and smokes as though it were a bore to do it. The fop stands his cigar on end, or as nearly so as possible, while the determined hanger-on style of man takes a firm hold on the weed with his teeth, and smokes as though he meant business. The smoker who smokes for the good there is in it selects a cigar to his taste, lights it carefully, takes it firmly, yet gently, between his lips, points it either straight ahead or al- most at right angles with his course gd pulls away as though he enjoyed it. Tobacco’s a physician, Good both for sound and sickly; Tis hot perfume That expels cold rheum, And makes it flow down quickly. Cambridge Students Song. —He (ardently)—“Have you never met a man' whose touch seemed to thrill every fiber of your being?” She—*“Oh, yes, once—a dentist.”— Boston Transcript. HARD SLEDDING TO GET AN EDUCATION Youth of Early America Had No Primrose Path. We often hear “the good old days” spoken of with much feeling, and do not stop to consider that the present days are far and away better. In the matter of an education, for instance, it was so difficult a matter to acquire one that only the most determined student had the courage to face and overcome the obstacles which beset his path, re- marks a writer in the Kansas City Times, : The schoolhouses were poor and un- comfortable, but the books and the teachers were worse. Every one of the thirteen colonies, except Rhode Island, required the building of schoolhouses and the education of children at a very early date. In 1638, only six years after the settlement of Boston, the central court voted one-half of the in- come of the entire colony to the estab- lishment of a school, and later this became Harvard college. However, this thirst for knowledge, ft may be noted, was not always ap- proved. Governor Berkley, that nar- row-minded Englishman, wrote home in 1670, “Thank God that in Virginia there are no free schools, and no print- ing, and I hope we shall not have them, for they bring heresy and diso- bedience.” But up to 1700 small groups were gathered in Virginia neighborhoods under a teacher, or young men were gent to England for an education. Sometimes, in an old deserted tobacco house, a number of the neighborhood children from nearby plantations were gathered for daily lessons. In one of these old fieldhouses, as they were commonly called, a certain character of the times—a man known as ‘“Hob- by"—taught such a little school for some years. It is from him that George Washington is said to have gained much of his education. “Hobby” was sexton, pedagogue, and the most con- ceited man of his times, if records may be relled upon. After this, Washington rode on horseback to a smaller school ten miles away. The next year he rowed across to Fredericksburg each morning to a teacher, and back again at night, and this completed his attendance at school. Gaining even this degree of education nad not been easy, but, as with all other tasks undertaken by Washing- ton, his own part was conscientiously performed. The notebooks and pam- phlets used in the classes at Fredericks- burg have been carefully preserved and prove painstaking care. They are now in the library of congress. In 1647 it was required that every county of 50 families provide a school, and if a family had children and no means to pay for their schooling it was ordered that they be sent free of charge. But it was not until after the Revolution that free schools as we know them existed in America—that is, schools provided for by taxes. When the schools of Boston were made free, the country was at once marked for its liberality, not only at home but in Europe, as such an experi ment had been tried no place else in the world. But it was the teacher who took the chance at this early date, for her pay was in beans, peas, skins, corn meal or any of the exchanges used for money. A child was kept seated by the open window, to watch out for possible purchasers of these things. In 1734 all children were ordered barred from the fire whose fathers had not sent their share of fuel. But this must not have been a popular ruling nor one which long endured. Elusive “M. Esk” A Paris messenger boy with an ex- press letter spent a hot half hour vainly searching for a “M. Esk,” says the Continental edition of the London Mail. That was how he read the pame on the envelope. But the con: clerge had never heard of M. Esk, ‘She thought of Her clients one by one but declared that no person by the name of M. Esk could possibly live on the premises. But the boy had faith in the address. He set to work to search the building for M. Esk. I was a big block of flats and it took some time to ring at every door tc inquire it the mysterious M. Esk lived there. But he was rewarded. An Englishman answered the door at on¢ flat and claimed the letter. But the Jetter was addressed thus: “Johy Jones, Esq.” And this is quite s sufficient explanation of the messenge! boy's difficulty. New Plastic Wood Product A British concern is now manufac turing a collodion preparation made with finely ground wood. It comes ir the form of a soft putty. It can bg molded and shaped with the hands 0 tools. The material is sald to be wa terproof and to set hard, after whick it can be worked with tools much the same as natural wood. Nalls may be driven into it without cracking it. I desired it may be softened after it has set by the application of a special sol vent. Plastic wood, as the product If ealled, is expected to be particularly useful for pattern-makers and molders Need Universal Language With the growth of air flying as &vil method of transportation a grea peed is being found for a universa air language. A good wireless op érator attached to the big airplane sta ' fons redlly needs to know English French, Chinese, Dutch, German, Span ish and Italian to be 100 per cent effi cient in his duties. Huge Estates Held Up Progress of Mexico For four hundred years less than ten thousand families have owned Mexico, says Ramon P. De Negril in the Survey. I do not mean merely controlled, influenced, directed, dom- inated. I mean physically owned and disposed of as a personal heritage. Humboldt sald, “Mexico is the coun- try of inequity. Nowhere does there exist such a fearful difference in the distribution of fortune, civilization, cultivation of the soil and population.” It was more than slavery. It was a situation where one man owned not an estate, but a state, a kingdom ak most. When the Spaniard came and settled in Mexico, he came as a conqueror into a populated country. A system of encomiendas was developed by which he took the land of the con- quered people and the people to work the land he had taken. Cortez, for instance, claimed for himself some 25,000 square miles, in- cluding 22 towns with all the lands that these towns owned and all the people that lived in them—something over 115,000 men, women and children, With this possession went all the pre- rogatives of sovereignty, control over life and liberty and fortune, and this estate of Cortez, like most of the other large estates of Mexico, was entailed and persisted as a unit up to the be- ginning of the Nineteenth century. In fact, the records show that before disentailment was imposed this par- ticular estate had 15 villas, 157 pueb- las, 80 haciendas, 119 ranchos, 5 es- tanias and contained 150,000 people— all of this the personal possession of the descendants of Cortez. Nor was this the only large encom- fenda. Pedro de Alvarado received the district of Xochimilco with some 80,000 inhabitants. One of the fa- vorites of the Spanish king was given what is now the entire state of Guana- juato. As early as 1572 there was 507 encomiendas. In addition, other large estates developed through one form or another. The result was that most of the free communal land holding of the days before the conquest disap- peared. A small number of Span- fards owned practically all of inhab- ited Mexico as their private posses sion. The Spanish kings at different times tried to destroy, to limit, to under- mine the large estates of Mexico, but every attempt met with resistance, and many a law and decree of the king was marked by the viceroy, “Obeyed but not executed.” After 120 Years On July 5, 1808, Capt. Meriwether Lewis and Willam Clark, commis- sioned by President Jefferson to ex- plore the Northwest to the Pacific, left Washington, D. C., westward bound. Two and one-half years later, on March 23, 1806, having accomplished their objective after wintering on the banks of the Columbia, they turned their faces eastward and hurrying back they were able to recross the continent in eleven months. A short time ago one man climbed into his airplane on the East coast at dawn and as twilight deepened into dusk along the shore of the Pacific he swung down through the mist and taxied aeross the field to a stop. The time elapsed on his journey, made without a mishap, is measured not in days and months and years, but in hours, minutes and seconds. The transcontinental trip that took Lewis and Clark more than two years to cover, Lieut. Russell L. Maughan, army flyer, accomplished ip 18 hours, 16 minutes flying time, His average speed was 158.17 miles an hour.—From the St. Paul Ploneer Press. Smoke Screen a Menace The smoke screen, long used as a protective device for battleships, now becomes a menace to them, according to authorities of the united air serv- ice. A screen sprecd above a fleet of battleships by special smoke-emitters attached to fast small planes makes it impossible for the approach of the aerial bomb fleet to be observed. This enables the attacking planes to fly low, when, with sensitive finders, they pick up the doomed battleboat by sound, ad. just their alm and loose the bomb in safety except for the possibility of a chance shot fired blindly against the pull of smoke by the anti-aircraft guns con the ship below. It 1s a strange thing to find tne screen employed as a weapon of of- fense against the very craft which originally produced it as a defensive measure. Irrigation’s Reward Bahawalpur, an independent Indian étate, is now a mere fringe of cultiva- tion bordering upon the Indus river and southern Punjab. With the com- pletion of the Sukkur barrage and Sutlej canal, however, practically 2, 000,000 acres, especially adapted to wheat and cotton, will be added to the crop acreage of the state, which bids fair to become one of the richest in that region. It is estimated that the present population of 750,000 will be increased by 000,000 colonists from other parts of India. Ear Splitting Silence Flynn and O'Leary were employed as extra men in the repair shop of a large hardware concern. The “boys” were all old friends and they jostled and sang and whistled without letup. Said Flynn: “This is the nolsest place I iver worked in, Pat.” Said O'Leary: “I believe, ye, Mike. Th’ only toime it's quiet here fs whin some one stharts the gas engine and drowns th' noise,”—Good Hardware. HERIFF'S SBALE.—By virtue of a writ of Fieri Facias issued out of the Court of Common Pleas of Cen- tre County, Pennsylvania, and to me di- rected, there will be exposed to Public Sale at the Court House in the Borough of Bellefonte, Pa., on SATURDAY, AUGUST 30th, 1924 at 1:30 oclock p. m., the following describ- ed real estate, as follows: All those three certain messuages, tene- ments and tracts of land situate, lying and being in the Borough of Philipsburg, County of Centre and State of Pennsyl- vania, bounded and described as follows, to wit: — The First: Beginning at the corner of North Water or Railroad street and Spruce street; thence along Spruce street Northeasterly one hundred (100) feet, more or less to alley of T. H. Switzer, thence along said alley Southeasterly six- ty (60) feet to line of premises of Matthew Gowland ; thence along the line of Matthew Gowland Southeasterly one hundred (100) feet, more or less, to North Water or Rail- road street as aforesaid; thence along the same Northwesterly sixty (60) feet to the lace of beginning, and being part of lot No. 6 in the plan of Philipsburg Borough. The Second: Beginning at a point in line of lot No. 6 sixty (60) feet Southeast of the corner of Spruce and North Water or Railroad street; thence along the line of part of lot No. 6 (above described) East- erly one hundred (100) feet, more or less, to line of T. H. Switzer’s alley; thence at right angles from a point sixty (60) feet Southeasterly from the intersection of Switzer’'s alley with Spruce street, seventy- two (72) feet, more or less, to the lot of the I. O. O. F.; thence by the line of the same Southwesterly one hundred (100) feet more or less, to North Water or Rail- road street; thence along the same North- easterly seventy-two (72) feet to the place of beginning, being parts of lots Nos. 6 and 7 and having erected thereon the plant of the Gowland Manufacturing Company, now the Gill Manufacturing Company. The Third: Beginning at a post in the Eastern line of the right of way of the Tyrone and Clearfield Railroad Company, and at the common corner between lots No. 849 and at the Southwestern corner of lot herein described; thence along the Eastern line of the right of way aforesaid North 33 degrees West a distance of six- ty-six (66) feet to post corner of lot No. 7 now or formerly owned by Mrs. Gowland: thence by line of said lot No. 7 North 57 degrees Fast a distance of one hundred (100) feet to a post in the residue of lot, South 33 degrees East a distance of sixty- six (66) feet to a post in the Northern line of lot No. 9 now or formerly owned by Thomas Barnes; and thence by line of said lot No. 9 South 57 degrees West a distance of one hundred (100) feet to a post in the line of the right of way of said Railroad Company, the place of beginning. It being the Western part of lot No. 8 as laid down in the plot or plan of Philipsburg Bor- ough, and being the same premises which were sold and conveyed unto the Gowland Manufacturing Company by Jacob Swires et ux by deed dated June 1st, 1903, and recorded at Bellefonte, Pa., in Deed Book Vol. 90, at page 334 as by reference there- to being had will more fully and at large appear. The first two of the above named tracts of land having been sold and conveyed unto the Gowland Manufacturing Company by John Gowland et al by deed dated May 6th, 1903, and recorded at Bellefonte, Pa., in Deed Book Vol. 90, at Jase 286 as. by reference thereto being had will more ful- ly and at large appear. The said Gowland Manufacturing Com- pany, a corporation, by proceedings duly and regularly had and of record in the office of the Secretary of the Common- wealth at Harrisburg. Pa., and in the office of the Recorder of Deeds in and for the County of Centre, at Bellefonte, Pa., did cause its Corporate name, style and title to be changed from that of the Gowland Manufacturing Company to the Gill Man- ufacturing Company, the grantor herein, wherein and whereby the title of property theretofore standing in the name of The Gowland Manufacturing Company did be- come hy operation of the law duly vested as The Gill Manufacturing Company, grantor herein. Being the same nremises sold and conveved unto Philipsbure Foundry & Machine Company by Gill Manufacturing Companv by deed dated December 31st. 1917, and recorded at Belle- fonte, Pa., in Deed Book Vol. 119, at page Seized, levied upon, taken in exeention and to be sold as the property of Philips- burg Foundry & Machine Company. Terms of Sale:—No deed will be acknowledged until the purchase money is paid in full. E. R. TAYLOR, Sheriff. Bellefonte, Pa., Aug. 4, 1924, 69-31-3t INANCIAL STATEMENT.—Summary of the Annual Statement of the School District of Bellefonte Bor- ough for the year ending July 7th, 1924: Asessed Valuation.............. $ vigiiy 00 Personal Property Tax........ 2700 00 Per Capita TaX......coresiesse 5962 50 For School Purposes, 18 mills. . 28930 43 For Sinking Fund and Interest 3: mils... A 5271 75 Total Amount of Taxes........ $ 42864 68 Account of Charles F. Cook, Treasurer: RECEIPTS—GENERAL FUND. To Balance on Hand July 2nd, 1928. covesniive di heen siete 541 20 To Receipts from General Property AX es tures sen 43628 56 Tuition, non-resident pupils... 10507 43 General Appropriation......... 12780 00 Vocational Appropriation...... 1173 33 Manudl Training. .............. 496 70 Sale of Books, Etc......c.ute.n 121 19 Refunds ~.....;..... 285 97 Tax Liens.. 589 Rent .ieeeea 25 00 Amt. Received on Notes........ 7500 00 Total Receipts......... $ T7648 T1 EXPENDITURES. Expense of Administration: General Control..... $2249.36 Educational ........ 4.59 Compulsory Ed..... 90.48—$ 2364 4 Expense of Instruction........ $ 43695 14 Expense of Operation,......... 5811 1 Expense of Maintenance....... 2474 36 Expense of Fixed Charges..... 1462 08 Expense of Debt Service....... 17190 93 Expense of Capital Outlay..... 3879 63 Expense of Auxiliary Agencies. 161 Total Expenditures....$ 77038 69 By Bal. in Centre County BapK ii. iiiniven $104.87 By Bal. in Bellefonte Trust 0 dS erin, H 610 02 $§ 764871 SINKING FUND ACCOUNT. Receipts :— To Amt. in Treasurer’s hands July-2nd, 1023... .,.. 7... $ 11251 45 To Amt. Received from Gen- eral Tumnd