.anything else I had, the windows in my
——
Bellefonte, Pa., August 22, 1924.
WHAT IS MONEY?
sts.
Money, my boy, is silver and gold,
Or a piece of pictured paper,
And they who possess it manifold
May cut any kind of caper.
Money, my boy, is a worshipped god
And a dearly treasured idol,
Often used as a divining rod
At burial, birth and bridal.
Money, my boy, does a world of good
And more fhan world’s of evil—
Good when poured from the hand of God,
Bad if dealt out by the devil.
Money, my boy, does not grow on trees,
Is not always had for the asking,
Nor gathered in pockets from every breeze
Without much deceit and masking.
Money, my boy, will buy place and power,
Husbands and wives and divorces—
Truthful and false in selfsame hour,
Marshaling all kinds of forces.
Money, my boy, it is sad to say,
Buys “body, soul and breeches;”
Is a curse to those who day by day
Live only to hoard up riches.
Money, my boy, both rich and poor
Fall down on their knees before it.
No matter how it came to their door,
All are quick to receive and adore it.
Money, my boy, “What is it?” you ask,
As if it were something funny,
A correct reply is no easy task,
For money is nothing but money. |
|
Money, my boy, alone by itself {
Is naught but a name for riches, i
And whether well or ill-gotten pelf, i
That hinders and helps and bewitches.
But money, my boy, doesn’t pass it by !
When skies grow bright and sunny, |
For it’s ten to one that before you die
into the human lungs, and in those the female organs,
cells the air is separated into its
parts, just as it is in our lungs. The
carbon dioxide is extracted from the
air and is taken into the body of the
tree as part of its food material, and
the oxygen is thrown off for the ben-
efit of man and all animal life. It is
true that the breathing process does
not follow the principle of the bellows
movement, as in the human lungs, and
yet it is actual breathing in just as
true a sense as that which takes place
' in our own bodies.
The tree has a circulation that is
just as real as our own. Way down
underneath the ground, where the
roots are working day after day, they
gather up the food in liquid form.
The area of the roots is approximate-
ly equal to the spread of the top. If
you see a tree whose top is 50 feet in
diameter, its root area is approximate-
ly the same. The all-important hair
roots are largely out at the ends of
the whole root system about under the
edge of the branches. It is this myr-
iad of hair roots that gather up the
food in liquid form and send it up
through the body of the tree to the
leaves. .
I suppose all of you have a cross
section of a tree. This is the same as
the top of a stump. Just imagine you
are looking at the cross section of a
tree now. In the center you see the
| pith. That was there from the time
it was a baby tree. Around the pith
is a layer of wood, which represents
! the first year’s growth; and around
| that a second layer, which represents
i the second year’s growth; and around
that a third layer, which represents
the third year’s growth, and so on out
to the bark. In the beginning these
central cells were active sap-carrying
tissues, but as the tree grew in size
these central cells became more and
more dormant—that is to say, filled
up more and more with mineral ele-
ments—so that they became less and
less active. But as you go outward
' chid,
takes place and the continuity of life
is made possible. I wonder if you
have noticed in the spring that two
tu
| trees of the same type will come out | Wisconsin, and Minnesota. About that |
into flower at different times—one a | time men came back from that section, | want to say, and I would like to leave
little earlier than the other. That | which was then covered with an ap- |
which comes into flower earilest is the
male, to be ready for its mate. No
! doubt you have seen the wonderful or-
the magnificent flower that
‘ comes to us from the Tropics. You
rently inexhaustible supply of won-
| erful white pine, and they told how
| this supply could never be cut away,
and yet today it is almost gone. The
! original supply of white pine in the
' may have wondered why it is that the i Lake States was estimated to have
| orchid remains beautiful so long. It
' is because the insect which fertilizes
"it can not live in this latitude. And
' so it happens that the lovely and deli-
"cate orchid, the flower of regal beau-
ty, remains beautiful for a long, long.
time, waiting—waiting for its mate. -
Now, I would like to tell you a lit-
i tle about another phase of the great
tree question that seems to me of
monumental importance. This has to
do with the subject of forest devasta-
tion and its bearing upon the present
and the future of America. In order
that you may understand that what I
| am about to say is not the product of
' my imagination, I want to read to you
very briefly from the United States
Forest Service that was published
nearly four years ago. This followed
a resolution by the United States Sen-
ate calling upon the Forest Service
for such investigation and report. It
was the most exhaustive investigation
ever made in this country. Among
other things this report says:
(1) That three-fifths of the original
timber of the United States is gone, and
that we are using timber four times as fast
The forests remain-
greatly to reduce
as we are growing it.
ing are so located as
! their national utility. The bulk of the:
! population and manufacturing industries
of the United States are dependent upon
distant supplies of timber as the result of
| the depletion of the principal forest areas
east of the Great Plains.
(2) That the depletion of timber is not
! the sole cause of the recent high prices of
“You'll find it handy to have some money. | toward the bark you find that the ceils | forest products, but is an important con-
—Good Housekeeping.
THE STORY OF THE TREE AS A
LIVING THING AND THE STO-
RY OF FOREST DEVASTATION
IN AMERICA.
Speech of Hon. Martin L. Davey, of Ohio.
In the House of Representatives Thurs-
day, April 17th, 1924,
By order of the House Mr. Davey was
given leave to address the House for 40
Minutes.
Mr. DAVEY. Mr. Speaker and
gentlemen of the House, with your
permission I should like to decline to
yield for questions during the course
of my remarks, but if there is any
time left I shall be glad to answer
any questions at the end. I would
like to give you a connected story of
the tree as a living’ thing and a story !
of forest devastation as it has been
progressing in this land of freedom !
and opportunity. |
There will be distributed by the
Doorkeeper some leaves—just ordi- |
nary leaves—and I would like to have |
you bear in mind that these leaves
represent a great fact in the whole |
scheme of life. I want to develop the '
fact that the leaf is the most import-
ant thing in all the world, without ex-
ception. |
THE VITAL RELATION OF TREES AND
HUMAN LIFE.
The most beautiful tribute to a tree
that I ever heard was given at a time
when I addressed the Rotary Club of |
Elyria, Ohio. The president of the
club in introducing me told this story.
He said:
I have the most wonderful tree in the
world out at my house.
Some 15 years i
ago I had a little boy who was then 3 years
of age. In the early fall he wonld go out |
to gather up the buckeyes— i
I suppose he meant horse chestnuts -
because there are very few buckeyes
in the Buckeye State. He said:
The little fellow would gather the buck-
eyes, sometimes by pocketfuls and some-
times by basketfuls, and would bring them
in and play with them. One day he took
sick. The next day he was better, so he
went out as usual and brought in just one
large fine buckeye and played with it;
and the next day he died.
After a little pause he continued:
I took that large, fine buckeye and car- !
ried it with me all the long winter. I}
took it out every little while and looked at
‘
"are more and more active as sap car-
, riers, so that the last few layers
growth, are the active sap-carrying
tissues. It is in those outer wood cells
that the crude sap is carried upward
from the roots to the leaves. Outside
of the last layer of wood is what is
called the cambium layer, where all
the growth and healing take place,
and outside of everything else is the
bark, which serves the two-fold pur-
pose of protecting the living tree and
providing the cells in which the di-
gested food material can travel back
in its downward flow.
Now, then, this food material hav-
ing been pumped out of the soil by
the hair roots is sent up through the
small roots to the large ones, then
through the trunk to the limbs and
out to the twigs and then to the
leaves, where it undergoes the won-
derful chemical change that makes it
available as food material. After
having been digested it is then sent
back in the inner cells of the bark all
the way down to the same little roots
from whence it came, building all the
way down and depositing this food
material out of which the structure of
the tree is created.
The tree digests its food in just as
real a sense as man himself. This
food material, that has been pumped
up from the roots, undergoes in the
leaf a marvelous chemical change un-
der the influence of the sunlight and
is transformed into available food ma-
terial. Thus we find the leaf is both
the lungs and the stomach of the tree.
I would like to tell you a story 1
read in the New York Times nearly
three years ago that illustrates a pro-
found truth. It was a story written
by their correspondent from the fam-
ine-stricken portions of Russia. I’
doubt if the correspondent realized
the tremendous importance of the
thing he was telling. He described
how he came upon a house where a
little child lay sick. Its eyes were
still and glassy and staring straight
upward. Over its body was a quilt.
It looked as though there were a pil-
| low underneath the quilt. The cor-
' respondent looked at the child and | es only 10 per cent. of its own con-
i then at the mother; and she, divining ' sumption.
his purpose, pulled back the quilt and
disclosed a horribly misshapen body.
kewpie.
Then she told this story of what had
happened: She said that hunger had
tributing cause whose effects will increase
steadily as depletion continues.
(3) That the fundamental problem is to
increase production of timber by stopping
forest devastation.
The virgin forests of the United States
covered 822,000,000 acres. They are now
shrunk to one-sixth of that area. Of the
forest land remaining and not utilized for
farming or any other purpose, approxi-
mately 81,000,000 acres have been .so se-
verely cut and burned as to become an un-
productive waste. This area is equivalent
to the combined forests of Germany, Den-
mark, Holland, Belgium, France, Switzer-
land, Spain, and Pertugal. Upon an enor-
ber is so small in amount or of such infer-
ior character that its economic value is
negligible.
forefathers came to the eastern shores
of this country and discovered a land
that was endowed as richly as any-
thing in the history of the world.
Those who had landed in Virginia un-
der Capt. John Smith found what
seemed to be a veritable paradise.
They sent back word to the mother
country that they had discovered a
land of inxaustible fertility, and so it
seemed; but today you can go into the
State of Virginia and buy thousands
of acres for almost a song, because it
has been robbed of its fertility and it
lacks the power of producing things
necessary for man and animal life.
Those who landed on the rock-bound
coast of New England came face to
face with a wonderful covering of
trees, magnificent trees everywhere;
but today that wonderful supply of
‘native timber is three-fourths gone.
About half the remaining supply is in
| the State of Maine, and that is large-
ly of pulp-wcod varieties. The New
England States today, that originally
were so richly endowed, import 30 per
cent. of their own consumption and
will import more and more as time
goes on. About 50 years ago New
i York State was the greatest producer
| of timber in the Union, and today the |
; great Empire State has so far deplet-
, ed its timber resources that it produc-
It produces 30 board feet
' per capita and consumes 300. feet.
Then the tide flowed to Pennsylva-
| nia produces less than enough for the
| Pittsburgh district alone, about 20 per
‘cent. of its own consumption. But
{ been 350,000,000,000 board feet. To-
‘day it has been reduced to 8,000,000,-
. 000, and it will be all gone in about 10
| years commercially. The section from
which I come—Ohio, and west from
there, Indiana and Illinois—has almost
ceased to be a factor in the produc-
tion of lumber, and yet that section
in years gone by produced wonderful
hardwoods. A gentleman told me of
| the magnificent trees that were cut
"down at the time of the Civil war.
Great oaks, four feet in diameter,
I
| America; but China, poor benighted
where conception ' reaching importance than merely the woodlands that hold the water in |
i loss of lumber.
Some 35 or 40 years ago the tide ally.
rned to the Lake States—Michigan, ' alternating floods and droughts.
check and allow it to seep out gradu- |
Without that there can only be |
There is just one thing more that I
this with Jou as a concluding thought.
All of us have heard for years past of
the famine conditions in China. That
country once had a wonderful cover-
ing of trees, very similar to that in
FARM NOTES.
~ —Don’t stop the threshing machine
to attend a family reunion or picnic.
Every day. counts in the battle of the
wheat grower against the angoumois
grain moth.
—The time for budding has arrived
for the fruit men who grow their own
seedlings and wish to propagate their
stone fruit trees for next year. This
method of securing your orchard stock
‘land that it is, did what we are doing is cheaper and gives you varieties.
_in America, cut away its trees and al- | that are “true to name.”
‘were sent from northwest Ohio to
build the Monitor, which proved the .
{ turning point in the Civil war, and yet :
that section is now practically denud-
ed. Still I see even today trucks out
bringing in one by one the last re-
maining specimens of the primeval
forest.
To the south of that section, in the
southern Appalachian region, there
was and still is a very considerable
reservoir of hardwoods, but the gov-
ernment estimates that this supply
will be gone commercially in from 18
to 20 years.
In the South Atlantic and Gulf
, States there was a wonderful supply
of yellow pine, and yet that supply
which was considered inexhaustible is
i four fifths gone. It is estimated that
it will be all gone in from fiteen to
: standpoint. There still remains in the
southern Mississippi section one last
great reservoir of timber,
ment estimates that this supply also
will be gone in from twenty to twen-
ty-five years. So that within the next
twenty-five years—most of us I hope
will live that long—we will see a time
when the great eastern section of the
United States will be practically de-
cial standpoint.
nuded of its timber from a commer-
twenty years from a commercial:
including
the wonderful cypress, but the govern- '
lowed the land to be burned over. The |
vegetation was destroyed over vast
areas; then the water swept over the :
land and carried with it the fertile top
soil. So there are millions of acres in |
China that constitute a barren waste
not capable of producing vegetation. |
China has one crop In seven years,
and in the other years of that period |
must look to the world for food to
feed her teeming millions.
China has become, and will remain
for long years, a land of perpetual |
famine because she has destroyed her !
forest covering, subjecting herself to |
the devastation of alternating floods '
and droughts, and has sacrificed the
fertile top soil over such a vast por-
tion of her domain.
A representative of the Davey Tree
Expert Co., with which I am connect-
ed, recently returned from a trip
around the world, during which he
made observations on the results in
other lands. Among other things he
described what he saw in China. Sail-
ing through the Yellow Sea he was!
impressed by the fact that much of it
was of a deep chocolate color, the re-
sult of soil that had been washed down
from the interior. Looking out across
the land he saw miles and miles of
barren waste from which soil had been '
washed away, because no trees were
there. He told of having seen groups
of women out gathering weed stocks '
with which to cook their rice. They |
have no wood for heating, and none :
for fuel, just weed stocks, gathered
laboriously from the countryside. Over
vast areas not even bushes are grow-
ing on the land. China is today pay-
ing a terrific and ghastly price for her
folly.
No nation in the history of the
world was more richly blest by the
| Creator in the matter of its natural
There still remains, however, a very | resources than America. It seems that
impressive quantity of trees for lum- God Almighty created here His rich- |
Mexico and Arizona, Colorado, Utah,
ber purposes in the West—Washing- | est garden plot where there could be
ton, Oregon, California, northern New | brought together the best blood of the
best races in the world, out of which
. Idaho, Wyoming and Montana. If you | could be built up a new nation of
{look at the figures you would proba- | great power, great purpose, and great
bly conclude that this supply in the ' possibilities. We are dissipating our
thirty to forty years.
However, even today we are paying
| steadily dwindlin,
supply is bein
pushed farther an az
farther away from
| West also would be inexhaustible, and | assets very much like the reckless son
mous additional area the growth of tim- yet the government estimates that it | of a wealthy father who comes sud-
{ will be all gone commercially in from 6 denly into his inheritance.
Some three hundred years ago our | the price of our destruction as this |
the centers of population. Some thir-
ty years ago Chicago, which is per-
haps the greatest lumber market in
the country, secured its supply large-
ly from the surrounding States. The
freight rate was then about $3 per
1,000 feet. Today the Chicago mar-
ket receives its supply chiefly from
the far South and the far West, and
the freight rate is now about $13 per
1,000 feet, making an increase of $10
per 1,000 feet for freight alone. Iam
not in the forestry business, and have
no foresters in my organization, nor
have I any trees to sell. Our work is
as distinct from forestry as dentistry
from medicine. Neither am I in the
lumber business, and I have not even
a remote financial interest in that bus-
est conviction that we will never again
buy lumber as cheap as we have in the
past, and the price of lumber will in-
crease steadily from now on. This
will be the result of the most simple
economic causes.
In talking with Gifford Pinchot
some two years ago, he made a sig-
nificant statement.
know who Gifford Pinchot is. He was
the chief of the Forest Service under
Teddy Roosevelt. He was for a num-
ber of years commissioner of forestry
in Pennsylvania and put that State to
| the forefront in the matter of State
| reforestation. He is one of the out-
i [ts little belly was terribly distended, : vania—Penn’s Woods—which was so : standing exponents of conservation
|
! and its arms and legs were emaciated. | named because of its wonderful cov- | and reforestation, and with it all is
i It had very much the appearance of a ering of trees; but today Pennsylva- | now the Governor of Pennsylvania; so
{ he ought to be perfectly good author-
| ity to quote. He said to me:
Mr. Davey, in my judgment there will be
it and was reminded of him. And then driven them so far that they had fed that is not all of the sad story of 'a lumber famine in this country within 25
when the springtime came, I went out and | this little child a blue clay called | Pennsylvania. I wonder how many of | years, and such a lumber famine will make
planted it down under his sand pile. Later |
the sand was taken away and the buckeye :
sprouted and came up, a healthy little
plant. Then I built a fence around it to!
protect it, and I called the boys of the !
neighborhood together and told them the !
story. I asked them to help me protect
this tree. I told them they might break
house, my automobile or anything else,
but please don’t break the tree. They have
respected that request, and the tree stands
there today 15 years old, a healthy young
specimen, the most wonderful tree in the
world.
It seemed to me as I listened to this
story that there is in this living tree
not alone a monument to a little boy
who died, but also a monument to a
father’s love.
Most folks, unfortunately, do not
realize that the tree is a living,
breathing organism. It is just as
much alive as you and I. It breathes;
it has a circulation; it digests its
food; it has sexual processes. It is
perfectly true that it has no nervous
system as we have in the human body.
It lacks the power of locomotion. It
has no intelligence as we understand
that term, but it does have the power
to adapt itself to its environment. In
fact, it adapts itself amazingly well.
Where trees grow close together, they
grow one-sided.in order to accommo-
date themselves to each other. Where
they grow thick, they grow tall in or-
der to reach the sunlight. Frequently
the roots of a tree travel long dis-
tances around boulders and almost in-
surmountable obstacles in order to
reach the source of their food and wa-
ter supply. In all of these elemental
things the tree is just as much alive
as man himself.
The tree breathes through its leaves
chiefly. I hope that all of you some
time will take occasion to look at the
underside of a leaf through a miecro-
scope. You will find there a myriad of
little openings or cells into which the
air penetrates just as truly as it does
“eel.” You and I have no conception
of what real hunger is. We think we
know what it means to be hungry, but
only in these famine-stricken lands is
it possible for human beings to know
the extent of that terrible suffering.
| You can imagine what it means when
human beings are driven so far that
they will eat clay. This clay sticks to
the teeth and sticks to the walls of the
stomach, and it stills for the time be-
ing the intense craving of hunger; but
there is no power in the human sys-
tem to throw it off, and it remains
there and clogs the stomach and the
intestines. Then the worms start to
work and the end is near. I tell you
this story, even with the touch of hor-
ror which it contains, because it il-
lustrates a profound truth of far
greater magnitude and importance to
human life than might appear.
The leaf is the most important
thing in all the realms of life. It is
the one and only connecting link be-
tween the organic and the inorganic
worlds. There are only two minerals
that man can take into his system and
assimilate—water and salt—and these
only in limited quantities. Every-
thing else that we eat and, in fact,
most of the things that we wear come
to us through the leaves of vegetation
—not of trees alone but of all vegeta-
tion.
It is the leaf which takes the dead
mineral elements from the soil, the
inorganic elements, and transforms
those minerals into organic, living
cells and makes it possible for them
to feed the whole of the living world.
And thus it appears that the great
God who created the world and the
life that inhabits it made of the lowly
leaf the greatest and the most impor-
tant instrumentality of that life.
The tree has sex processes that are
just as real and just as beautiful as
in any other form of life. The male
and female exist as positive factors,
The pollen is created in the male parts
and is carried largely by the winds to
[you have taken a daylight ride across
the Alleghenies. I hope every one of
you will do so and look out across those
hills, as I have and see for miles and
miles the desolate waste.
This is what happens out in the na-
tive woodlands. The rain comes down
through the leaves and settles into the
loose, porous soil and finds its way
into the subsoil, and from there to the
springs which feed the little streams,
and they in turn feed the rivers. But
man comes along and cuts away the
forest covering, leaving behind him
the debris, the leaves and chips and
small branches, making a veritable
tinder box and a constant fire hazard.
Then the fire sweeps over the land
and destroys the remaining vegeta-
tion. Then, when the rain comes
down, it sweeps across the surface of
the land and takes with it the fertile
top soil that nature has taken centu-
ries to build up. It is said that it
takes nature 10,000 years to make an
inch of top soil fertile. The whole
lower Mississippi Delta, in fact the
whole lower valley, is made up of rich
top soil that has been swept down
from the interior.
There is in Vinton county, Ohio, one
township of 10,000 acres that tells the
sad story of what has happened. I
have this on the authority of a repre-
sentative of the forestry department
of Ohio. He told me that two years
ago he went down to this place that
was once covered with a magnificent
growth of trees. The large trees had
been cut away for lumber purposes
and the smaller ones had been cut
down to be used as mine props. Then
the fire swept over the land and de-
stroyed the remaining vegetation, fol-
lowed by floods that took the fertile
top soil. He told me that just three
families exist in this whole township
of 10,000 acres, and he went out across
this land looking for other signs o
life. He said, “I could not find a bird
and not even a rabbit.” So the de-
struction of timber is of more far-
f | from the catastrophe.
itself felt before the end of the 25-year
period.
Do you believe that these things do
not affect you and me? Stop to think
friends, that about one-fifth of the to-
tal lumber products of this country is
consumed in the manufacture of box-
es, barrels, and crates for the trans-
portation of your manufactured pro-
ducts and food supplies from one sec-
tion of the country to the other. Near-
ly one-half of the lumber products is
consumed on the farms of America for
the production of our food supply.
Lumber and its products enter into
every phase of American life, and no
one could do business as it is now done
without it.
For you who love the great of of
doors, to hunt and fish and tramp,
there is a sinister threat in the fast
declining timber area. Let me say,
friends, that without the forest home
there can be mighty little game, and
without a continuous and adequate
supply of water there can be migthy
few fish. Fish can not live in streams
that are alternately raging torrents
and dried up bottoms. The whole
question of an adequate water supply
for the cities of America is involved
in this matter of forest conservation
and reforestation. It has a more di-
rect bearing upon the Ife of this
country probably than an - question
that can come before our pen-'e.
I am reliably informed that ‘he city
of Columbus, Ohio, was thro-‘ened
with a water famine a year ago 'ast
summer, just as many other ci‘'ns
have been threatened in the rece»*
past. The people of Columbus were
warned that there was a bare three
days’ supply in the reservoir. Their
water is taken from the Scioto river,
which was nearly dried up. Nothing
but a providential rain saved ther
This condition
is due very largely to the destruction
of the woodlands around the head-
waters of these streams. It is the
iness; yet I with to express my earn- , great and far-reaching things affect-
I suppose you all |
|
thing for us as a government is to
America
can not long remain the great land of
freedom and opportunity unless we
protect and conserve the very things
which have made us what we are. My |
plea to you, and to all in this land that '
was originally so blest, a land of great
promise and boasted opportunity, is
that we wake up and conserve the
remnants of our once great forest
wealth and begin to reforest while yet
there is time.
. God Almighty gave unto us, when
He gave us these rich blessings, a tre-
mendous responsibility. This land is
ours to dress and to keep it, as the in-
junction was given to Adam when he
went into the Garden of Eden. It is
our problem, as the representatives of |
the American people, to consider the
fact of forest devastation and the fol-
ly of our lack of conservation in this
country, and to firmly resolve that we
shall do our duty before it is too late.
Gentlemen, I beg of you to consid-
er this problem as among the very
ing America. Oh, there are so many
things of small importance on which
we waste our time in useless discus-
sion, while we are allowing the pro-
cess of devastation and deforestation
and wastefulness to consume the her-
itage which has come to us under the .
providence of God and through the he-'
roic sacrifices of our forefathers, and
we have disregarded the safety and
welfare of our heritage.
That is my plea to you. I think
there is nothing that affects the fu-'
ture of America more, and very few
things that are of equal importance.
Gentlemen, I hope it may be possible
for us here to do that thing which is
50 necessary for our children and our
children’s children. Even though we
may not personally suffer within our
life time, let us do the thing that is
obviously our duty, and protect Amer-
ica, and keep it worth while for other
men in the future to live in and to ad-
mire and to love. I thank you, gen-
tlemen.
I would not attempt to pose as a
past master in the art of forestry, but
I will give you my own judgment of
the thing, for what it may be worth.
It seems to me that the all-important
buy up the cheap waste lands, millions
of acres—according to this report,
“81,000,000 acres so severely cut and
burned as to become an unproductive
waste”’—and reforest that as a gov-
ernment project, and forever keep it
under the government regulations as
to methods of cutting.
I would like to bring out one other
point in this connection: The thing
that is robbing America of her herit-
age is the wasteful methods of lum-
bering. That is the thing that is do-
ing the appalling damage, Lumber-
men, in their eagerness to get rich
quickly—and I suppose we are all
more or less subject to that tendency
—cut and slash without regard to the
future. There was a lumberman in
the State of Michigan made a remark
to one of my brothers a few years ago
which I think pretty nearly rang the
bell. He said, “Mr. Davey, I have
been in the lumber business for a good
many years, and I have made a for-
tune out of it, and I have done a whole
lot to hurt my country; I have resolv-
ed to spend the balance of my life in
helping to undo the damage I have
helped to do, in order to make my
peace with God.” The wasteful meth-
ods of lumbering are one of the grav-
est sources of menace to the future.
He was Wary.
Stage Hand—“Did you say these
stage direntions called for a window
or a widow?”
Manager—“I said ‘window,’ but
they're much alike. When I get near
either of them I always look out.”—
Good Hardware.
. are
an abundance.
—If you have experienced losses:
from grapes rotting in recent years,
it is advisable to spray the grapes this
summer regularly with Bordeaux mix-
ture. The backyard vines or the
small growings in farm gardens may
be treated with the aid of a small
hand sprayer.
—A five day course to train cow
testers to take charge of cow testing
associations in Pennsylvania was giv-
en by the dairy department of The
Pennsylvania State College from Au-
gust 11 to 16. Dairy experience and
ability to handle figures were the re-
quirements for entry.
—The pear slug and fall web-worne
doing considerable damage
throughout the State. The control
measure advised is to apply a spray
of three pounds of arsenate of lead in
50 gallons of water. Apply at once
for the web-worm for when the cater-
pillars get large it is hard to control
em,
—This has been a better season for
greens such as spinach, lettuce, and
early celery, than for the fruiting veg-
etables such as tomatoes, peppers and
eggplants. Those who heeded the ad-
vice last spring to plant a succession
of greens so as to have a continuous.
supply during the summer have had
Now is the time to
sow fall endive, lettuce and cress.
~The tomato plants have had a
hard time to set fruit during the con-
tinued period of excess rains and cool
nights. The blooms drop off and noth-
ing is left but the bare fruit spur.
This means that in addition to the
lateness of setting out into the garden
and the slow growth made, that most
plants have lost the first, and in some
cases, the second cluster of fruit. To-
motoes will be very late this year.
—See if your brooder houses are
crowded on warm nights. Birds will
not get enough ventilation unless the
house is comfortably filled. It is a
better plan to have young stock roost
in the trees than to try to confine
them to an over-crowded brooder
house. Germ life multiples rapidly ir
filthy water vessels. Plan to change
the water often and to disinfect the
vessels. A fowl appreciates a clean,
Soo] drink as much as any other ani-
mal. .
—It is time to spray again for the
oriental peach moth as most of the
eggs have been laid or will be laid
during the next week. Apply a spray
of nicotine sulphate and self-boiled
lime sulphur now, and again in two
weeks. Cool weather has delayed the
development of the first brood so that
there is not going to be as many
broods of the moth this year. At
most, there will be only four broods
even if the fall is unusually long and
warm.
—Attention is again called to the
damage being done throughout the
State by aphids on truck crops. Mel-
lons and cucumbers are especially tas-
ty to the plant lice this season. State
College specialists recommend the use
of a two per cent. nicotine dust. It
can be made at home by thoroughly
mixing ninety-five pounds of hydrated
lime with five pounds of nicotine sul-
phate. Send to the School of Agri-
culture at State College, Pa., for
Bulletin No. 186 which tells all about
the “Control of Plant Lice on Vege-
tables.”
—Pennsylvanians will have to im-
port more Thanksgiving and Christ-
mas turkes this year than last, offi-
cials in the department of agriculture
declare, basing their predictions on
the cold, wet weather of the past
spring, which is asserted to work
hardships on young turkeys.
It was pointed out the weather was
conducive to the development - of
blackleg, a disease affecting the blind
glands and the liver.
However, where young turkeys
were given the proper attention, de-
partment officials said the loss of
i young birds could be kept to a mini-
mum. They said that turkeys are
natural roamers and do not thrive as
well penned up as when allowed their
freedom. By penning they are apt to
develop leg weakness, it was declared.
It was asserted that while turkeys
can be raised on a limited range more
skill is required in managing them
than if on a free range. The larger
the range the less it costs to rear
them, and the better the health of the
flock becomes.
When young turkeys are penned up
they should be moved at least once a
week and never placed on ground
which has been used as a fowl runway
within a year.
—Pennsylvania’s peach crop this
year will be about 1,856,000 bushels,
according to estimates compiled by
the Federal State crop reporting serv-
ice. Based on July 1 conditions, the
peach crop will be 75 per cent. of a
full crop, but it will fall below last
year’s production by about 50,000
bushels.
This forecast, issued by Paul L.
Koenig, the joint agricultural statis-
tician, indicated that the 1924 crop
may be influenced by weather condi-
tions during July so that it may ac-
tually exceed the production of last
year. The outlook, he said, has been
splendid so far this season. Last July
there were prospects of a 72 per cent.
crop, and the ten year average condi-
tion for the same date is 55 per cent.
A survey of the prospects in the
producing districts east of the Rocky
Mountains shows that the 1924 peach
crop will be the largest since 1915.
The country-wide production is ex-
pected to be 50,701,000 bushels, 8,-
000,000 bushels more than the produc-
tion last season. : :
The Georgia crop is being marketed
at the present time, and it will
amount to more than 7,500,000 bush-
‘els, fifty per cent. increase over last
ear. New Jersey’s production will
e about the same as last summer, it
is predicted. :