La
Dewan
"Bellefonte, Pa., July 4, 1924.
THE TONE OF VOICE.
It is not so much what you say,
As the manner in which you say it;
It is not so much the language you use,
As the tones in which you convey it.
“Come here,” I sharply said,
And the baby cowered and wept;
“Come here,” I cooed, and he looked and
smiled,
And straight to my lap he crept.
The words may be mild and fair,
And the tones may pierce like a dart;
The words may be soft as the summer air,
And the tones may break the heart.
‘Whether you know or not,
Whether you mean Or care;
Gentleness, kindness, love, and hate,
Envy and anger are there.
Then would you quarrels avoid,
And in peace and love rejoice;
Keep anger not only out of your word,
But keep it out of your voice.
—Youth’s Companion.
THE FLY AS A MENACE
TO HEALTH.
In spite of all the educational cam-
paigns that have been conducted in
the past against house flies, there is
still a lamentable amount of igno-
rance—or perhaps indifference—cur-
rent about the harmful effects of flies.
Flies are exceedingly dangerous to
mankind, and strenuous efforts should
be made to exterminate them by
clearing up their breeding places. Due
to lessening of horse-drawn vehicles
in cities there is much less manure,
and consequently a marked decrease
in their number.
Flies are equipped with sucking
mouth parts to imbibe liquids and,
with the exception of the stable fly
and a few others, do not bite. The
biting flies, however, settle on the
skin of human beings as well as that
of animals, piercing the skin and
causing the blood to flow.
There are several flies that frequent
the house, and they look somewhat
similar in appearance. These are the
common house fly, the stable fly, the
cluster fly, the blow fly, the fruit fly,
and a fly which is similar but smaller
than the common house fly, and is
generaly known as the lesser house
y.
“FILTH FLY” GOOD NAME FOR HOUSE
PEST.
A few years ago it was suggested
by Dr. L. O. Howard that the common
house fly should be called the “ty-
phoid fly,” and later it was proposed
by another entomologist that it should
be called the “filth fly.” Neither of
these names has clung to the insect,
which is still thought of by thousands
as the house fly. Both of the propos-
ed names are correct, though per-
haps the latter is so in a broader
sense than the former. The fly is not
only a carrier of typhoid, but will car-
ry that as well as other deadly germs;
“filth fly” is in a way more appropri-
ate as flies breed in manure, human
excrement and rotting vegetation.
The female fly lays from 100 to 130
eggs at a time, and probably as much
as four batches of these during its
lifetime, which means from 400 to
520 young per individual!
BLEED WITH AMAZING RAPIDITY.
iiggs are usually laid in the cracks
ana crevices of places where manure
is stored, near the top, in order to re-
ceive the heat caused by the fermen-
tation of the manure below. Several
flies may deposit their eggs in the
same place and, under favorable con-
ditions, these hatch in from eight to
twenty-four hours into small, trans-
parent maggots.
. Maggots mature in from four to six
days, and become cream colored. They
are extremely restless when full
grown and seek suitable places under
manure, boards or even in the ground
in which to pupate. The pupae are
chocolate colored and resemble a sau-
sage or small barrel in shape. They
remain in this stage from three days
to many months, depending on the
temperature. During the summer
months from three to four days is the
usual period which elapses before the
emergence of the adult fly. The new-
ly emerged fly will work its way up to
the surface of the soil or manure, and
remain on the surface while its wings
and body are hardening. Flies quick-
ly mate and in a few days the females
are ready to deposit their eggs.
Those flies seen about houses dur-
ing the winter are usually the cluster
flies, but occasionally, where food and
suitable breeding places are plentiful
in heated houses, other flies may
spend the winter breeding and living
on food. The common house fly as a
rule passes the winter in either the
larval or pupal stage and is rarely
seen in the adult stage during winter.
FLY COLLECTS GERMS IN ITS
» BRISTLES.
"heir nauseous habit of breeding in
. 'manure and rotting vegetable matter
is extremely objectionable, especially
when it is realized that these same
flies settle on our unprotected food
and drink. Worse than this, however,
is the fact that as its body and legs
are covered with bristles, the fly
shen crawling over infected substan-
ces, such as human excrement from
people suffering from intestinal com-
plaints, typhoid or tuberculosis, col-
Jects the germs of these diseases, an
later crawling on our bread, meat,
and round the edge of milk bottles
transfers these germs to our food. It
will readily be seen how easy it is for
these germs to enter the human sys-
tem. v
It is never worth while to take
chances with unknown diseases, and
there is always the danger of getting
some disease germ by eating anything
with which a fly has come In contact.
Still more perilous to our safety
than the certainty of flies as carriers
of disease germs is the fact that bac-
teria live in the alimentary canals of
the flies, which means that their ex-
‘erement in the form of spots of mat-
ter is abounding in injurious bacteria.
Protective measures are essential.
Food contaminated by flies may give
one typhoid, dysentery, tuberculosis,
smallpox or infantile diarrhea. It
therefore behooves each one as an in-
dividual, and as a part of the commu-
————
nity, to see that houses are properly
screened, fly poison used in rooms—
there are several excellent fly sprays
on the market—and that all food is
kept covered until eaten.
SHOPS SHOULD KEEP FOOD COVERED
Restaurants ought not to be allow-
ed to place shortcakes, pies and other
edibles on uncovered racks, making
them tempt alike the man ignorant of
the danger of eating such food and
the loathsome fly. Proprietors of
bakeries, vegetable and meat markets
and other establishments selling edi-
bles should be compelled by law to
keep food covered, and the use of var-
ious traps against flies should be re-
quired.
Covering food stuffs with one thick-
ness of cheesecloth is insufficient, as
the legs of the flies can penetrate
through to the food. If such a cov-
ering is used, it should be made into
a rack which will allow of stuff being
placed under it without coming in con-
tact with the cloth. If the public per-
sisted determinedly in refusing to pur-
chase food so exposed, the danger
would seon disappear.
HOW TO CLEAN UP BREEDING
PLACES.
Stables are the principal breeding
places of flies, and no matter how fre-
quently the manure may be removed
there is likelihood of maggots escap-
ing to the soil and there pupating. In
order to remedy this, all stables
should have concrete floors, and the
manure should be removed daily to
tight bins from which it would be im-
possible for flies to escape.
A conical flytrap could be placed on
top in order to permit any flies that
would emerge in the stored manure
to come out and then be killed. If
these bins are emptied when full, and
the manure thinly spread on the soil
it will quickly dry out, and this con-
dition is very unfavorable to the de-
velopment of the fly.
When manure is kept in heaps, it
should be sprayed with a mixture rec-
ommended by the bureau of entomol-
ogy of the U. S. Department of Agri-
culture: One-half pound hellebore to
every ten gallons of water. This
quantity suffices for eight bushels or
ten cubic feet of manure. The mix-
ture should be stirred and then allow-
ed to stand for twenty-four hours be-
fore using.
From reports made by the division
of chemistry of the U. S. Department
of Agriculture, it is proved that treat-
ing the manure in this manner does
not deduct from its fertilizing quali-
ties.
Box privies should be liberally
treated with unslaked lime daily in
order to avoid the breeding of flies in
fecal matter.
Swatting flies is dangerous, for in
crushing the bodies germs are spread;
the most effective way is to readicate
their breeding places.
Persons, particularly babies, sleep-
ing in the open should be covered with
mosquito netting, not only because
they can sleep better by avoiding the
irritation of flies, but because of the
deadly germs the flies carry.
STABLE FLY CAN CARRY SLEEPING
SICKNESS.
The stable fly closely resembles the
common house fly, and it is difficult to
distinguish them except in their feed-
ing habits. The stable fly is able to
pierce the skin of animals and human
beings, causing blood to flow. Owing
to the fact that these flies go from
one person or animal to another be-
fore becoming full-fed, they are apt
to act as transmitters of such diseas-
es as anthrax and glanders, and be-
cause they are attracted by human
excreta, they carry intestinal diseas-
es.
The eggs hatch in from two to three
days at a moderate temperature. A
period of from two to three weeks is
spent in the larval or maggot stage,
according to the amount of moisture
or the temperature in breeding places.
About two weeks are spent in the qui-
escent or pupal stage before the
emergence of the adult fly. It has
been proved that this fly, as well as
the tsetse fly in tropical countries, by
attacking an animal infected with try-
panosomes (sleeping sickness) can
convey the trypanosomes to healthy
animals.
The cluster fly is larger than the
common house fly and has a dark col-
ored abdomen. It is very slow in its
movements, and can easily be captur-
ed. It is found in houses throughout
the fall and spring, usually in clusters
on the walls or ceiling; hence the pop-
ular name.
Blow flies are the familiar green or
blue-bottle flies found on dead animals
and different excreta. These some-
times enter houses and, if opportumni-
ty permits, lay their eggs on meat
which, twenty-four hours later, will
be covered with a squirmy, writhing
mass of maggots. Blowflies are ex-
clusively carrion feeders.
LESSER HOUSE FLY
GEROUS.
Fruit flies are minute flies more
commonly known as pommace flies..
They confine their attention to fruit
for the double purpose of eating and
laying their eggs, for the larvae live
in decaying vegetable matter, in can-
ned fruits, preserves and vegetables.
They may be seen hovering over fruit
bowls, although they are sometinles
attracted to excreta, and some species
breed in human excrement.
The lesser house fly is similar in ap-
pearance to the common house fly, but
smaller in size. It breeds in different
kinds of excreta and is just as danger-
ALSO DAN-
‘ous a disease carrier as the common
d | house fly.
From the above it will be seen that
flies are a serious menace to mankind,
and it is hoped that this article will
at least lead the way toward greater
public effort in opposing this pest.—
By C. F. Greeves, in Hygeia for June,
1924.
—Get your job work done here.
Real Estate Transfers.
John G. Curtin, et al, et ux, to
Gregg Curtin, tract in Boggs town-
ship; $3,200.
Bellefonte Trust Co., Admr., to Ma-
ry H. Snyder, tract in Bellefonte;
$4550.
Mrs. Mary E. Shank, to Charles W.
Sink, tract in Boggs Twp., $1.
Sham Rodes, et ux, to Margaret M.
Latz, tract in Philipsburg, $1.
James C. Coburn, Exr, to Jas. D.
Musser, tract in Haines Twp., $204.60.
Margaret M. Latz, to Rebecca
Rodes, tract in Philipsburg, $1.
Fred J. Dunham, et ux, to H. H.
Ashman, tract in Philipsburg, $1.
Charles C. Range, et ux, to Rodger
I. Addy, et ux, tract in Philipsburg,
$5,600.
E. R. Taylor, Sheriff, to Ida Swartz,
tract in South Philipsburg, $400.
W. L. Foster, et al, to Eugene H.
Lederer, et ux, tract in State Col-
lege, $1.
J. D. Keller, et_ux, to Blanch E.
Maben, tract in State College, $1.
Edward Beezer, guardian, et al, to
Carrie Neff, tract in Spring Twp,
$1,600.
L. Frank Mayes, treas., to S. D.
Gettig, tract in Worth Twp., $18.04.
Edward Garbrick, et al, et ux, to
Scenic Theatre..
Two Weeks-Ahead Program
Mary C. McMurtrie, tract in Spring
Twp., $300.
S. D. Gettig, et ux, to Wilson O.
Franks, tract in Worth Twp., $28.
Anna T. W. Henszey, et bar, to
Harold B. Shattuck, tract in State
College, $1.
nm n—— wa
Fine Job Printing
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AT THE
WATCHMAN OFFICE
There is no style of work, from the
cheapest “Dodger” to the finest
BOOK WORK
that we can not do in the most sat-
isfactory manner, and at Prices
consistent with the class of work.
Cali on or communicate with this
office.
ms— pu
SATURDAY, JULY 5:
with fast action and several thrills.
MONDAY, JULY 7:
drama with laughs all the time.
ise Dresser and. others will. please.
Topics.
picture that will please everybody.
man interest, appealing picture.
she meets him face to face.
THURSDAY, JULY 16:
News and Review.
FRIDAY, JULY 11:
SATURDAY, JULY 12:
JAQUELINE LOGAN in “FLAMING
drama with fast action and plenty
Educational Comedy.
MONDAY, JULY 14:
versatile actor and will please those
and Topics.
father spoils the children but they
Sunshine Comedy.
THURSDAY, JULY 17:
Review.
FRIDAY, JULY 18:
Some beautiful outdoor scenes.
FAST EXPRESS.”
CHARLES JONES in “WESTERN LUCK,” is a good western melodrama
All Star Cast in “TO THE LADIES,” is a very good seven reel comedy
Theo Roberts, Helen Jerome Eddy, Lou-
TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY, JULY 8 AND 9:
LILLIAN GISH in “THE WHITE SISTER,” is a one hundred per cent.
Italy, with the bay of Naples, Vesuv
Wonderful dramatic power in the scenes.
A volcano eruption, a breaking dam, etc., provide some of the thrills. ' A
girl believing her lover dead becomes a nun and is greatly perturbed when
COLLEEN MOORE in “NTH COMMANDMENT,” is an eight reel human
interest picture founded upon a story by Fannie Hurst, James Morrison
and Geo. Cooper also appearing in the cast.
HOOT GIBSON in “FORTY HORSE HAWKINS,” is a real comedy pic-
ture in its melodrama starting in the west and coming east with stage
stuff. Also, the first episode of the new serial, “THE FAST EXPRESS.”
Antonio Morens and Walter Hiers furnish plenty of comedy.
HARRY CAREY in “TIGER THOMPSON,” is a typical picture by this
TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY, JULY 15 AND 16:
BEBE DANIELS in “HIS CHILDREN’S CHILDREN,” is eight reels deal-
ing with a New York Fifth avenue family in which the wealth of the grand-
A good feature to be announced later, with the Pathe News and Pathe
JACK HOXIE in “THE BLACK TRAIL,” a western picture full of action.
A soldier hero during the war gets identi-
fication tags mixed and becomes a bad man.
Also, 2 reel Educational Comedy.
Pathe News and
everybody. Also,
Made in
A hu-
Scenic beauty unexcelled.
ius and other beautiful views.
Wut Pod ad nd ud el MIATA EASA AIA TAS
’
A good picture. Also, Pathe
BARRIERS,” a good six reel melo-
of human interest and many thrills.
Also, 2 reel
a a ae a SS A SE SB SSS I SISSIES FTIR T UII UIUVIRIAIRI UIST UII UIT
PURI UII IIIT
who like his work. Also, Pathe News
finally find happiness. Also, 2 reel
Also, 2nd episode of “THE
SATURDAY, JULY 5:
reel Comedy.
season.
OPERA HOUSE.
BILL HART in “WILD BILL HICKOCK,” is a story written by Hart him-
self and is well acted. Taken from western history.
No picture on Saturday, July 12. The opera house will be closed
for a general overhauling and painting in preparation for the fall
Interesting. Also, 2
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F. P. Blair {3 Son
Jewelers ad Optometrists
Bellefonte, Penna.
CY OY UY WY UW VYUY UY WY YY TY YY TY VY vv vv VY OY
& Co. Lyon & Co.
June Specials
Countless Economies here for
Thrifty Shoppers.
All Summer Dress Fabrics at speci-
ally Low Prices. 36in. Percales 18c.
300 yds. Dress Lawns, Voiles, Etc.,
in all colors, values
up to 75c---special at 33c.
One lot Fine Plaid Gingham, regular
price 75c., our price 48c.
Silk Hose
All colors in Ladies Silk Hose reduced—
$2.50 quality now $1.75
Ladies Suits
See our All Wool Ladies Coat Suits—-
only $14.48
Lyon
nr ————
Silk Vests
Ladies Silk Vests, all colors, now 90c.
Reductions in All Parts of the Store
It will be to Your
Advantage to See our Bargains
Lyon & Co. « Lyon & Co.
Come to the “Watchman” office for High Class Job work.
LADIES’
Guaranteed Silk Hose
=
All Colors
$1.75 Pair
f they get a runner in
the leg or a hole in the
heel or toe you get
A New Par Free
Yeager’s Shoe Store
THE SHOE STORE FOR THE POOR MAN
Bush Arcade Building 58-27 =~ BELLEFONTE, PA.