Demonte
2, 1923.
WHAT STATE NAMES MEAN.
“What’s in a name?” asks the po-
et; yet many names are full of mean-
ing, and contain historical associations
well worth remembering. For exan-
ple see what is to be found in the
names of States:
Maine takes its name from the prov-
ince of Maine, in France, and was so
called as a compliment to Henrietta,
the queen of Charles the First, who
was its owner.
New Hampshire took its name from
Hampshire, England. New Hamp-
shire was originally called Laconia.
Vermont is French (Vert Mont),
signifying “green mountain.”
Massachusetts is an Indian word
signifying “country about the great
hills.”
Rhode Island gets its name because
of its fancied resemblance to the Is-
land of Rhodes, in the Mediterranean
Sea.
The real name of Connecticut is
“Quon eh ta-cut.” It is a Mohican
word signifying “long river.”
New York was so named as a com-
pliment to the Duke of York, whose
brother, Charles the Second, granted
him that territory.
New Jersey was named by Sir
George Carter, who was at that time
Governor of the Isle of Jersey, in the
British Channel.
Pennsylvania as is generally known,
takes its name from William Penn,
the “sylvania” part of it meaning
“woods.” = Literally, it is “Penn’s
Woods.”
Delaware derives its name from
Thomas West, Lord de la Ware.
Maryland was named in honor of
Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles
the First.
Virginia got its name from queen
Elizabeth the “Virgin Queen.”
Kentucky does not mean “dark and
bloody ground,” but is derived from
the Indian word “Kain-tuk-ee,” signi-
fying “land of the head of the river.”
Florida was named from Kanamas
de Flores, or “feast of the flowers.”
Alabama comes from a Greek word,
and signifies “land of rest.”
Louisiana was so named in honor of
Louis the Fourteenth.
Mississippi is a Natchez word that
means “father of waters.” :
Three or four Indian interpretations
have been given to the word Arkan-
sas, the best being that it signifies
“smoke waters,” the French prefix
“ark” meaning “bow.”
Tennessee, according to some writ-
ers, is from Tenasea, an Indian chief;
others have it that it means “river of
the big bend.”
Ohio "has had several meanings fit-
ted to it. Some say it isa Suanee
word, meaning “the beautiful river.”
‘Others refer to the Wyandotte word
“Oheza,” which signified “something
great.”
Indiana means “land of Indians.”
Illinois is supposed to be derived
from an Indian word which was in-
tended to refer to a superior class of
men.
Wisconsin is an Indian word, mean-
ing “wild, rushing waters.”
Missouri means “muddy water,”
Michigan is from an Indian word,
‘meaning “great lake.”
The name of Kansas is based on the
same as that of Arkansas.
Towa is named from an Indian tribe
—the Klowas; the Klowas were so
called by the Illinois Indians because
they were “across the river.”
The name of Calfornia is a matter
of much dispute. Some writers say
that it first appeared in a Spanish ro-
mance of 1530, the heroine being an
Amazonian named “California.”
Colorado is a Spanish word, applied
fo that portion of the Rocky moun-
tains on account of its many-colored
peaks.
Nebraska means “shallow waters.”
. Nevada is a Spanish word signify-
ing “snow-covered mountains,”
Georgia had its name bestowed
when it was a colony, in honor of
George the Second,
The Spanish missionaries of 1524
called the country now known as Tex-
as “Mixtecapah,” and the people Mix-
tecas. From the last word the name
of Texas is supposed to have been de-
rived.
. Oregon is a Spanish word, signify-
ing “vales of wild thyme.”
Dakota means “leagued” or “allied
tribes.”
z Bellefonte, Pa., February
Wyoming is the Indian word for
“big plains.”
_ Washington gets its name from our
first President,
a
Penn State Faculty Members to
- Travel,
Three prominent members of the
faculty of The Pennsylvania State
College will acccept leaves of absence
during the second semester in order
to travel. Dr. Edwin E. Sparks, for-
mer president of the college, will go
on a speaking tour of colleges and uni-
versities in the southeastern States in
the interest of better scholarship as
persomified in Phi Kappa Phi Honor
: Society elections. Miss Margaret A.
Knight, dean of women, has sailed for
Egypt and other points along the
Mediterranean Sea. Dr. I. L. Foster,
head of the department of Romance
languages, will leave shortly on a
Mediterranean cruise and continen-
tal tour for the purpose of studying
the methods of teaching languages in
foreign institutions. All three facul-
ty members will return in time to re-
sume their duties during the summer
session, which begins on June 25th.
— Ae —————
Better Dyes Right at Home.
American manufacturers for the
last. fifteen years have been in posi-
tion to produce as great a quantity
and as good a quality of coal tar dyes
as could be had from Europe, said
Dr. H. W. Jordan, of Syracuse, N. Y.
The dyes were produced in Pennsylva-
mia in 1880, he added, but, because
[European manufacturers cut prices,
the home industry had to be abandon-
ed,
FARM NOTES.
—Protect your livestock from pos-
sible heavy loss. Immunize your hogs
against cholera and your cattle
against infectious abortion. It pays
you well in the long run.
I —Get ready for 1923.—Make a list
of repairs that can be made to mu-
chinery before next spring and the
improvements that can be effected on
the farm, by spending some of the
long winter hours in the farm shop.
—The best grade of eggs are known
as “extras.” They are clean, fresh,
full and sweet, weighing a little more
than 24 ounces to the dozen. Extra
first, the second grade, weigh 20 ounc-
es to the dozen; seconds, the third
grade, 18 ounces; pullet eggs, over 15
ounces. .
—Make up your mind now that
some of the insect pests are not to
have a chance at your crops next year,
by cleaning out fence rows and burn-
ing dead limbs and other refuse from
field, orchard and garden. This will
cut deep into the ranks of the insect
pest population.
—Barn ventilation is an important
consideration with cold weather. Fo:
mature horses and cattle, stables and
barns should not be warmer than 45
degrees F. Animals that are accus-
tomed to cool, well-ventilated stables
are known to be freer from disease
than those that are not so hardened.
—The best storage conditions for
vegetables—beets, cabbage, carrots,
potatoes, rutabaga and turnips, is in
a cool cellar or cave with a constant |
temperature of 34 to 40 degrees; |
horse-radish, parsnips, and salsify |
may freeze without harmful results, |
but should be covered with earth to
prevent shriveling; squash and pump-
kin should be kept dry and rather
warm, around 60 degrees; onions, |
dry and cool, about 40 degrees. :
—Farmers in Pennsylvania who
have stocks of home-grown seeds that i
they anticipate using for planting,
next spring, may have samples
promptly tested, by the Bureau of
Plant Industry of the Pennsylvania |
Department of Agriculture,
time. }
The laboratories of the department |
have completed the work for the large !
seed houses of the State and with this !
rush over, samples submitted by indi- !
viduals will receive prompt attention. |
|
|
at this;
It is estimated that the loss from
the use of poor seeds amounts to huu-
dreds of thousands of dollars in Penu-
sylvania, each year. Under the law,
the Department of Agriculture test
samples of seeds for purity and ger-
mination and for this work a nominal
charge of 25 cents is made for each
sample.
The commercial seed houses of the
State have been alert to the advan-
tages of this service and practically
all of the more important houses have
their entire stock of seeds tested.
However, there are many farmers who
grow their own seeds or who purchase
them from their neighbors and do not
take the trouble to ascertain just what
they ave planting. |
—Many. fields and farms in Penn.
sylvania are sour. This was ascer-
tained some years ago in a soil survey
conducted by experts connected with
the Pennsylvania State College. This
was found in all parts of the State and
on all of the soil formations. |
The presence of sorrel, red top,
plantain and other plants indicate an
acid soil. Where there isa lack of
lime in the soil there will be a sour-
ness. There is nothing more effective
for correcting this acidity than lime:
in one of its several forms. i
—Technically lime is the oxide or'
the metallic basic element, calcium.
In nature it doees not occur in this
form, but is prepared by heating lime-
stone in kilns. In 100 pounds of pure
limestone thus heated there is a loss
of 44 pounds of gas (carbon dioxide),
leaving 56 pounds of lime. This may |
be slaked with water and will combine |
sufficient water to make 74 pounds of ;
hydrated lime.
When lime and hydrated lime are |
exposed to the air they slowly com- |
bine with the carbon dioxide of the |
air until finally r:verted to the orig- |
inal form of carbonate of lime. There
is no difference between the original
lime rock and completely air-slaked
lime excepting that of fineness of sub-
divisions, the one being in form of
large rock masses and the other a very
fine powder.
It is this fine state of subdivision
that makes air-slaked line valuable to
apply to the soil. If the raw lime-
stone could be made equally fine it
would be just as good as the air-slak-
ed for the same purpose. No matter
in what form lime is applied to the
soil, much of it soon tends to revert to
its original form of carbonate lime.
The value of lime in any form de-
pends on its purity and mech: nical
condition. It should be so that it can
be thoroughly distributed in the soil.
Much depends upon the character of
the soil and the degree of acidity “in
order to determine the quantity of
lime to use. For physical improve-
ment in a tenacious clay soil an ap-
plication of two or three tons of stone
lime to the acre may be profitable.
Ordinarily lime is applied to correct
acidity and make a soil friendly lo
clover and other plants, and the equiv-
alent of one to one and one-half tons
of stone lime an acre, applied once in
each crop rotation is usually a maxi-
mum amount.
In some instances 1000 pounds an
acre will accomplish the desired re-
sult. The equivalent of 1000 pounds
of stone lime is between 1300 and 1350
pounds of slaked (hydrated) lime, or
a little less than one ton of raw lime-
stone reduced to a powder. .
Generally an application of lime will
pave the way for clover, but it is best
to apply the lime a year or more be-
fore seeding the clover.
Lime should be applied after the
ground is plowed and thoroughly mix-
ed avith the soil by harrowing or disk-
ing. The more thoroughly it is mixed
with the soil the better and quicker
the results will be. It should never
be plowed under, because its tendency
is to work downward rather than up-
ward in the soil. In applying lime a
spreader should be used after the
| any,
projecting ends of wire and melt a
‘in it and wait.
‘the other males, but after a fight he
ground has been plowed.
Peculiar Beliefs Have Been Handea
Down From the Earliest Days of
the World's History.
When everyone seems to be sSneez-
ing, it is interesting to recall the many
queer superstitions which have been
associated with sneezing from the
earliest times.
The Greeks always regarded it as
lucky to sneeze between noon and mig-
night, but most unlucky to sneeze he-
tween midnight and noon. In fact. it
is said that they used to get back into
bed for a while if they happened to
sneeze while getting up in the morn-
ing.
The old custom, which still survives,
of saying “God bless you” to those
who sneeze, undoubtedly originated in
the days when plagues and epidemics
were rampant over Europe. It was
noticed that those who sneezed died
shortly afterward from the prevailing
epidemic, and they were therefore
areeted with the words, “God bless
wUUU AND BAD LUCK SNEEZES| MEN IN PREHISTORIC TIMES
You,” meaning “God help you.” In
those days people used to accompany
these words with the sign of the cross.
but this custom now seems to be ex.
tinct,
Another old superstition maintainea
that to ¥neeze to the right was a lucky
sign, but it was unlucky to sneeze te
the left.
Sneezing is associated even with
bridegrooms, for it was always thonght |
a sign of coming good luck if they
sneezed on their wedding day.
DOING AWAY WITH LEAKAGE
Soldering Always Important Point in!
the Proper Care of Electric
Contacts in Radio Work,
All electrie eontacts should be sol- |
dered. There are plenty of reasons
why this step should never be omitted.
In radio work the aerial currents ats
always feeble. It does not do to lose
No better leak device is known |
than a hackle of sharp points. Elec-
tric charges escape by this route into |
the surrounding air at every oppor-
tunity.
When electrons find a region set |
with narrowing edges and points they !
crowd into it, driven by their powers |
of mutual repulsion.
high out on narrow areas.
find it easier to leap to molecules of
air nearby than to stay among their
Kind on the point. There is a remedy |
that is easily applied. Bend down all
Voltages become |
Electrons |
large drop of solder over the whole
spot. Electrons find it most difficult
to et off a sphere. i
Soldering provides a continuons
metal contact hetween wires, and does |
away with losses by resistance, to a
large extent.
Frogs for Bad Throats. |
Even today many people have
strange beliefs and superstitions. All
sorts of quaint rites are carried out, '
particularly in connection with chil-
dren. i
Some mothers, for instance, believe |
in cutting their baby's hair at the
waxing of the moon, This ceremony !
dates back for thousands of years to,
the days when people regarded it as’
a safeguard against evil,
Another silly superstition is that
of giving children live frogs to suck, :
This is supposed to prevent and cure |
“thrush,” or injury to the throat. |
Again, there are still women who!
think that they will improve their |
children’s health by eating raisins
and placing the stones on the baby’s
stomach.
Modern science is rapidly abholish-
ing these old ideas, but they still hold
their ground in certain places.
Male Penguin's Love Token.
The love-making of penguins is de
scribed by Surgeon Commander Mur-
ray Levick, a member of Captain
Scott’s Antarctic expedition. In the
spring, he says, the hen birds scoop
out a hollow in the frozen ground, sit
When a male bird
sees a hen who takes his fancy he
places a pebble at her feet. This.is
the signal for an attack on him by
is left in possession.
On one occasion, says Commander
‘Levick, a member of Captain Scott's
expedition was sitting down watching
the birds when a male came up and
placed a pebble at his feet. The bird,
finding its advances ignored, inspect-
ed the strange, silent animal, nibbled
at his trousers and then went away.
Fine Examples of Wood Carving.
Some interesting examples of Italian
Renaissance wood carvings were
brought to America in 1918 and placed
in the Carnegie museum. The carv-
ings formerly were in the collection of
M. Emile Pares of Paris, a noted an-
tiguarian. All the pieces are of a
religious character and formerly were
Dart of the decoration of a church.
the name of which is unknown. There
are seven panels, carved in high re-
lief and decorated in polychrome,
They depict for the most part inci-
dents from the life of St. John, the
evangelist, and were set either in the
paneling of a wall or were part of the
decoration of interior doors.
Timely Thoughts,
A well-known lawyer was chiding a
legal friend for passing him in a mo-
torcar without recognition,
“Sorry I didn't see you,” said his
friend. “Was —— driving?”
“Yes,” paid the lawyer.
“Well,” rejoined his friend, “when
—— 18 driving you think only of your
Maker and not of your earthly
' themselves.
' stranger who is ignorant of their su-
friends!”
No Proof That There Was Gradua!
Rise From Sa.agery to Prac.
tice of Human Virtues.
It is provea that men—true men—
xisted on this earth many thousand
years ago. How many no one enn
certainly say, but certainly longer than
ihe period acceptea as a strict dogma
ny Bible Christians within living mem-
ory (and still affirmed by some of
rem). It is not proved, but it is higi-
iy probable that there is genetic con-
nection between man as we know him
amd the earlier inferior types of which
evidence remains,
if a critic were to maintain that man
as we know him rose suddenly from
some other type not yet found (for the
evidence is very fragmentary and
slight), he would not be contradict-
ing ascertained fact; on the contrary,
he has on his side the anomaly of fine
skuils found in apparently very early
strata; all that department is quite
unfixed.
That man as we know him was a
vile thing for countless generations and
gradually—very gradually—rose to
practice the human virtues and intel-
ligence is not proved at ail. Even the
vague analogy from existing savages
fails. Some savages are of one char-
aeter, some of another; all as old in
descent as ourselves. The excessive
evit affirmed of true man when first he
could be so called is sheer unsup-
ported affirmation proceeding not from
evidence—for we have none—but from
a mood, a desire that thinzs should be
so.—Yale Review,
REFUSE TO REVEAL NAMES
Odd Superstition That Prevails Among
Certain Island Tribes of Ameri.
can Indians,
Writing of tabooed words in “The
Golden Bough,” Sir J. @. Frazer says:
“The Indians of Chiloe keep their
hiames secret and do not like to have
them uttered aloud: for they say that
there are fairies or imps on the main-
land or neighboring islands who, if
they knew folks’ names, would do
them an injury; but so long as they
i do not know the names these mis-
i chievous sprites are powerless.
“The Araucanians will hardly ever
tell a stranger their names, because
they fear that he would thereby ac-
quire some supernatural power over
Asked his name by a
nerstitions, an Araucanian will an-
swer, ‘I have none,’
“When an Ojibway is asked his
name he will look at some bystander
and ask him to answer.”
“Sure!
rogues’ gallery know the evil omen of
the real name. Hence the origin and
would-he magic of the “alias.”
; ——
To Stop Bleeding From Nose.
When we remember that not very
long ago venesection, or bleeding by
the physician, was a favorite method
of treatment and that leeches were
used for local bleeding, we can the
more readily understand that a sim-
ple attack of nosebleed is nothing to
be afraid of. At the same time, how-
ever, it may be well
memory a few simple precautions. The
patient should always sit upright and
should hold the chin down to enable
the blood to flow forward through the
nose and not backward into the
throat. Tight collars and hands round
the neck should be loosened, and cold
should be applied to the wrists or to
the hack of the neck. It often helps to
snuff cold water up the nose. If the
bleeding comes from a small spot in-
side the nose, the sro: should be
treated with an astringent or with ni-
trate of silver.—Youth's Companion.
Is Snake Charmed by Music?
There is no foundation in fact for
the common belief that a snake can be
“charmed” with music, according to
Allen S. Williams, director of the Rep-
tile Study Society of America. Mr.
Williams bases his opinion on a series
of experiments extending over a period
of nearly twenty-five years.
“I have tried every sort of music,”
says Mr. Williams, as quoted in the
Scientific American, “from a
whistle with note holes in
symphony orchestra, and have used
as subjects nearly every variety of
snakes, but have yet to note any re-
sponse on the part of the reptile.”
Not All Americanisms.
“Guess,” as used by the Yankee, is
always chosen by the English as a
typical Americanism, when, in fact, it
was used by Shakespeare and Chau-
cer. “Allow” was formerly used in
England in the same sense as in
America. Special Americanisms are
“sun-up,” ‘“sun-down,” “complected,”
“as ever,” “haying,” “right off,” or
“right away.” “shindig,” a dance or
party, usually a noisy, rough one;
“shindy,” a fight or row; “bark up
the wrong tree,” “little end of the
horn,” “het up,” “kibosh.”
Cheerful Wish.
“I've often wondered why they shave
a man’s head before they put him in
the electric chair,” said the pessimist,
gloomily.
“Oh, I hope youll find out some
day,” said the listener, politely.
The pessimist was satisfied.
er
A Cool Customer,
Stranger—Miss Phiayre. allow me—
this is Mr. Bangs.
Miss Phayre—But I don’t know you,
sir.
Stranger—Not yet, but I have asked
Mr. Bangs to introduce me.
Kven the apaches of the
to commit to |
tin |
it to alm
Old Silverware, Tea Sets,
Tableware, Etc.
Old Clocks and Old Jewelry
Made New Again
At Very Conservative Prices...
We will be very glad to furnish you an estimate
for the work.
F. P. Blair & Son,
Jewelers and Optometrists
Bellefonte, Pa.
64.22-tf
—_—_,,, a e
=
Let Us Care for Your Valuables =
A FEW DAYS AGO we were able to furnish -
the required information about a Lib- =
erty Loan Bond that had been destroyed by =
fire. The owner was trying to have a new =
Bond issued. This is a troublesome business, =
=
for the proof of ownership and loss must be
conclusive,
There is Always the Danger
of Loss from Fire
Why take chances when
security of our vaults?
we offer vou the
We have Safe Deposit Boxes for rent at a
nominal cost. We have other facilities for
the keeping of valuables, I.et us keep them
for you.
The First National Bank
Bellefonte, Pa.
61-46
i
|
Dependable Merchandise
Priced Honestly
fy