EE ——— I ————————————
me
Bellefonte, Pa., January 26, 1923.
—_
THE HOSPITAL’S PLACE
IN THE SMALL CITY.
A Plea for Community Hospitals to
Serve as Centers of Health Activi-
ty and Preventive Medicine.
“Get him out of the city.”
; Ten years ago that was the doctor’s
unfailing prescription to the pallid
product of the city streets. :
And so the city boy’s white shirts
and dotted neckties were packed and
he was hurried off to his grandmoth-
ers in the small town or country to be
the envy and scorn of an overalled,
barefooted, robust group of country
cousins.
But what now?
Statistics show a reversal of posi-
tions. Recent surveys, in the States
of New York and Iowa at least, re-
veal that it is the city boy who now
enjoys the heritage of health, while
often the boy in the smaller city or
the country is the weakling. Sanita-
tion, healthful sports, medical inspec-
tion in the schools, vigilance against
bad teeth, prompt removal of adenoids
and diseased tonsils—these are things
that are making metropolitan centers
safe for childhood. Water is pure;
milk is inspected; defective plumbing
is discovered and remedied; parks in-
vite healthful play.
cept in the meanest and most congest-
ed areas, has health within his grasp.
How to extend these attributes of
health to the small town is an import-
ant question. Many medical men and
public health and social workers are
beginning to see its solution in hos-
pitals—community hospitals. These
institutions would serve their towns
and the surrounding rural districts not
simply in the emergency of sickness,
but as centers of health activity and
preventive medicine. They would be
clearing-houses for all health agen-
cies, schools of personal and public hy-
giene, motion picture theatres for
health education, regulators of fami-
ly diets, counselors in community
health problems.
Further, these community hospitals
would be the savior of the country
doctor, that essential but fast-disap-
pearing guardian of family health. Of
this fact, Dr. S. S. Goldwater, former
Commissioner of Health of the city of
New York and now superintendent
of Mount Sinai hospital, one of the
largest and most progressive institu-
tions for the care of the sick in that
city, is convinced.
“The country practitioner is fast
nearing extinction,” Dr. Goldwater
has declared. “The exodus of the phy-
sician from our smaller cities and ru-
ral communities is yearly becoming
accelerated, and already vast areas of
our country are lacking the medical
attention of a single physician. Al-
though our schools of medicine are
turning out hundreds of splendidly
trained yonug doctors, it is not as
country practitioners. These men re-
fuse to go to the communities where
there are no hospital facilities to pro-
vide scientific care for their patients
and to enable them to rise in their
profession. And because the family
doctor is dying out, the health of ru-
ral communities is joepardized.”
Some statistics have recently been
compiled which show the lack of hos-
pitalization outside of metropolitan
centers.
MORE THAN HALF THE COUNTIES
HAVE NO HOSPITAL.
Fifty-six per cent. of all the coun-
ties in the United States have not a
single hospital. Many of these coun-
ties are purely rural, but others in-
clude numerous towns and cities of
appreciable size. This startling fig-
ure would be augmented to include 330
additional counties, if one were to dis-
regard small private hospitals of less
than 25 beds, many of which give the
most meager and often unscientific
care to the sick. There are only two
States in the Union, Connecticut and
New Hampshire, which have a hos-
pital in every county.
The situation in regard to hospital
facilities is most alarming in the
south-central group of States, where
there exists but one hospital bed for
every 705 persons. In the State of
Mississippi, where large industrial
centers are few and the population is
chiefly small-town and rural, there is
only one bed to every 1,054 persons.
The ideal ratio between population
and hospital beds is generally esti-
mated at one bed to every 200 per-
sons. In the large cities, even this ra-
tio is frequently exceeded. The city
of Omaha, for example, has a hospital
bed for every 107 persons, and 70 per
cent. of these beds are continuously
occupied. Hartford, Conn., has one
hospital bed for every 110 persons,
with 81 per cent. continually in use;
St. Paul has one to every 111; Balti-
more, one to every 112; Richmond,
one to every 114; and Boston, one to
every 127. Chicago has one bed to
every 214 persons; and New York,
one to every 293. >
Thus it can be seen that from the
standpoint of hospital facilities, the
larger cities are much more adequate-
ly supplied than the smaller towns.
This is the more striking a contrast
when it is remembered that sparsely
settled districts make essential a
larger number of hospitals than oth-
erwise would be needed.
One current effort to relieve this sit-
uation is the prize architectural com-
petition being conducted by The Mod-
ern Hospital for the best set of plans
of a general hospital of from 30 to 40
beds. In announcing this competition,
in which some of the leading architec-
tural firms of the country are partic-
ipating, the purpose was stated to *-
the stimulation of small hospital co
struction which is at the same time
efficient in arrangement, creditable in
architecture and in every way capa-
ble of functioning as a health center.
It is expected that the jury vill meta
its awards in Feburary, and that the
prize plans will be published shortly
thereafter.
If smaller cities are to follow the
pace in disease control and prevent-
ive medicine set by the larger centers,
The city boy, ex- |
they must extend public health edu-
cation, get behind movements for in-
creasing health facilities, hold out suf-
ficient inducements to family prac-
titioners to retain their services, and
recognize the place the hospital is
coming to hold in the elevation of the
health standards of the community.—
By Joseph J. Weber, in the Ameri-
can City.
FARM NOTES.
—This is the time to balance the
year’s books and to take note of the
mistakes made that have been so cost-
ly. Begin the new year with a clean
slate.
—“Never feed a little calf milk out
of a pail from which you would not
care to drink yourself,” says a noted
authority on calf feeding. Calf feed-
ing utensils should be clean and bright
at all times. Discard rusty and bat-
tered pails.
—AIll breeders of pure bred dairy
cattle expecting to begin advanced
registry testing next fall should be
fitting their cows at this time. Keep
in mind that a cow freshening in poor
condition has a poor chance to make
a good record.
—To raise “hothouse lambs” for
marketing to select trade next Feb-
ruary or March, breeding should be
done now. Great care must be ex-
ercised in rearing lambs at that sea-
son, but the prices received for extra
early lambs make it profitable.
—To save steps in unharenssing a
horse remove the bridle and put it on
the left arm; halter the horse. Loose
the hames and pole strap, remove the
collar and put it on the left arm, un-
buckle all the other buckles and take
the harness off, grasping the top
hame-strap with the left hand and the
back-band with the right.
—Extra care needs to be taken to
keep the milk clean when the cows
must stay up so much of the time.
To do this successfully the stables
must be kept clean. Clean milk can-
not be drawn from a cow that is fore-
ed to sleep in a filthy bed. The curry
comb and brush can do much towards
removing the source of dirt.
—In the winter months there is dan-
ger of lice getting a start on hogs and
cattle. The thick winter coats pro-
vide splendid homes and breeding
places. Spraying with kerosene emul-
sion of half rain water destroys both
lice and nits at once. There is only
one precaution, and that is to make
sure the kerosene is well emulsified.
—To Jersey and Guernsey cows
feed one pound of concentrates for
each three pounds of milk the cow
gives daily. To Ayrshire feed one
pound for each three and one-half
pounds of milk. To Holsteins feed
one pound for each four pounds of
milk. If silage is available, feed |
three pounds of silage and one pound :
of hay per 100 pounds live weight of |
the animal. If silage is not fed, feed ,
all the hay the cows will clean up |
readily at least twice daily.
—It is difficult to utilize straw !
where no stock is kept. If spread on |
the land and plowed under it leaves |
the ground so open that the succeed- |
Ing crop cannot withstand periods of ,
drought. If left in a pile it does not |
rot because the rains penetrate for!
only a short distance from the outside. |
About the only thing left to do is to |
burn it, which, in terms of permanent |
agriculture, is destructive. Burning
of straw is wasteful. But where stock
is kept, and the straw is used as feed
or bedding, it can afterwards be ap-
plied to the land.
—The number of milk cows in the |
United States has increased by one- |
third since 1900, but there are only !
221 cows per 1000 inhabitants today,
as compared with 260 in 1900. The
explanation is that human population
has Increased more rapidly than cow
population. As against this, however,
is the fact that milk production per
cow was only 3646 pounds in 1900,
while in 1922 it was 3945 pounds, thus
making the supply available last year
872 pounds per capita, as compared
with 364 pounds 22 years ago. In-
creased consumption per person has,
however, much more than offset this
Increase in milk production, so that
the dairy business of the United
States is in a sounder position today
than it was at the beginning of the
century.
—Careful poultrymen like to know
what it costs them to produce a dozen
eggs, but it is not possible for any one
to tell them. With certain informa-
tion obtained through experimental
feeding to start with, they must figure
it out for themselves. Since the feed
constitutes the principal cost, it is
possible to get some idea of the real
cost if the amount of grain used in
making a dozen eggs is known. The
United States Department of Agri-
culture has kept records that show
about what amounts are used by gen-
eral purpose fowls and Leghorns, and
by using the local price for grain in
connection with these figures the feed |
cost of a dozen eggs can be obtained |
with fair accuracy. I
The grain consumed to rroduce a
dozen eggs will vary a great deal, de- i
pending upon the skill of the poultry- i
man, but it is assumed that he knows |
how to feed economically. The gen- |
eral purpose fowls and Leghorns used
in this feeding work were kept on the
test while pullets and yearlings. As
pullets the general purpose fowls pro- |
duced 130.5 eggs a year and 88.1 as
yearlings. The Leghorns produced an
average of 138.7 eggs as pullets and
124.9 as yearlings.
The general purpose pullet ate in a
year an average of 6.7 pounds of feed
per dozen eggs produced, and the
yearlings ate 9.6 pounds. The Leg-
horn pullets ate 4.8 pounds and the
yearlings 5.5 pounds. The general
purpose pullets ate 1.9 pounds more
P Yweiva a dozen eggs than
Wh 7. oullets, and the difference
incre ses very rapidly with the age of
the stock, the general purpose year-
lings consuming 4.1 pounds more feed
per dozen eggs than the Leghorn year-
Tyme oA MN ary 3 ne
lings pioduced eggs upon much less
feed than the general purpose breeds.
The value of the general purpose
breeds for market or hatching and
breeding makes them the most desira-
ble for the general farmer.
i prisingly clever dolls from paper.
PEAK NAMED FOR INDIAN GIRL
Honor Awarded for Valuable Services
Rendered to Expedition Led by
Lewis and Clark.
Sacajawea, which in the Indian
tongue means “Bird Woman,” was
born in a little Indian village on the
banks of Snake river, just west of the
Bitter Root mountains, in what is now
the state of Idaho, in 1790.
When Sacajawea was nine years of
age,” her people, the Shoshones, or
Snake River Indians, were suddenly
attacked by their foes, the RMinnata-
rees of Knife river. While Saca-
jawea was making her way alone
across the river she was caught and
taken prisoner, Later she was sold
as a slave to Toussaint Chaboneau,
a French half-breed wanderer, at
Brunswick, N. D. He married her
when she was fourteen years old.
Sacajawea and her husband, and
their papoose accompanied a party of
white explorers, led by Lewis and
Clark, on a long journey.
One day the Indian girl risked her
own life to save some valuable papers.
maps, instruments, books, magazines
and medicine, when their boat nearly
capsized. Sacajawea swam out anil
hrought the articles back to the boat
in safety.
When the travelers reached the land
of Sacajawea's birth her presence
saved the white men from being
killed by the hostile Indians. Saca-
Jawea also foiled a plot to steal all
of the horses of the expedition by
warning the leaders of the plans of
the Snake River tribe.
A few years ago the geographical
survey named for Sacajawea the
great peak in the Bridger range,
where she was captured during her
childhood, and where she later point-
ed out the pass over the mountain
now used by one of the great rail-
ways. :
GROTESQUE DOLLS OF JAPAN
Little Girl Will Dress Up Cushion t2
Look: Like Live Baby and Tie
: It on Her Back.
The Japanese have a genius for mak-
ing dolls. They make them of any-
thing—tlowers, fruit, beans, even of a
few wisps of straw. Their quaint
humor finds free play in this field ; the
children are pleased with the odd ones,
the more grotesque the better.
Tiny children draw and cut out sur-
A
little girl will dress up a cushion and
get some one to tie it on her back; one
has to look twice to see if it is a real
baby.
Ifor the girls’ doll festival in March
of every year, and the boys’ festival
in May, such an array of dolls is set
out as could not be matched for origi-
nality and beauty.
These dolls are extremely small, but
represent with surprising skill and
exactness the imperial court (in the
girls’ festival) or figures from history,
{ myth, the drama or everyday life.-—
Asia Magazine.
How Male Albatross Makes Love.
Little is known of the habits of the
albatross, although many persons are
familiar with this bird as it is depici-
ed in “The Ancient Mariner.”
A distinguished British writer, in
describing their mating habits, m-
forms us that “when a male albatross
makes love he stands by the female
on the nest, raises his wings, spreads
his tail and elevates it, throws up his
head with the bill in the air or
stretches it straight out forward as
far as he can, and then utters a curi-
ous cry. While uttering the cry, the
bird sways his neck up and down.
The female responds with a similar
note "and they bring the tips of their
bills lovingly together. This sort of
thing goes on for half an hour or so
at a time.”
Admission to the Bar.
Each state prescribes its own rules
and regulations with reference to ad-
mission to the bar. These are not uni-
form. Most of them require the ap-
plicant to pass an examination, and
if he can do so and will subscribe to
the oath of office he will be admitted
to practice regardless of where he ob-
tained his legal education. The oath
of office is usually to the effect that
the applicant will suport the Consti-
tution and laws of the United States
and the constitution and laws of the
particular state in which he makes ap-
plication for admission.
Word “Jade” of Spanich Origin.
The name jade is derived from the
Spanish piedra de ijada, or “stone of
the loins.” Early Spanish explorers
found natives of Central and South
America wearing precious stones as
amulettes, to protect them against
pain. One of the most interesting jade
ornaments worn in olden times was a
girdle which gave out a musical tinkie
when the wearer walked. Jade is
thought to instill virtue into the
heart of its wearer. Imperial person.
ages were never permitted to remove
their jade jewels, as each was worn
for some symbolic purpose.
Informal,
At a school in the mill district of a
certain manufacturing town in the
East a teacher received first-hand im-
pression of how the other half of the
world lives. A little Russian was pain-
fully progressing through his reading
lesson till he was finally stumped on
te wuld pice” Re help him the
schoolma’am kindly inquired, “What
is it mother brings in the bread on?”
The little chap's eyes lit up with the
aught of understanding. “The newspa-
per,” ‘he said.
HARD TO GET BACK AT HIM
Editor Seemingly Had Maneuvered
Himself Into a Position That
Was Impregnable.
Back in the days of personal jour-
nalism the talent of the editorial writ-
er was devoted not so much to the
discussion of the merits of public
questions as to vituperation of the
leaders of the opposing party, par-
ticularly the editor of the vile op-
position newspaper, writes Russell
M. Seeds in the Indianapolis Star. In
those days William R. Nelson, who
later built up the Kansas City Star
into a great property, and Samuel E.
Morss, well remembered as editor of
the Indianapolis Sentinel, were part-
ners, publishing the Fort Wayne Sen-
tinel. The Fort Wayne Gazette, the
Republican morning paper, had re-
cently been purchased by one Beech-
am, who, being of an inquisitive
turn of mind, hunted up the private
history and peccadilloes of Messrs.
Nelson and Morss and stuck the data
in his safe for a rainy day. It came
right soon, for the fall campaign
opened with an attack on him in the
Sentinel. He came back with a broad-
side that was a scorcher.
Morss had got down to the office
early that morning and was in such
a hurry to get some early copy on the
hook that he had deferred reading the
Gazette. But in a few minutes Nel-
son came in in a towering rage and
threw the paper down on the desk.
“Sam, look here at what that vile
and dirty wretch has printed about
us! It's the most outrageously scan-
dalous stuff you ever read!”
“What's the use of getting excited
over a pack of lies, Bill?”
“Lies, h—1. It's worse than that!
That villain has told the truth!”
TEXAS TOWN CENTURIES OLD
Ysleta, Now El Paso, Has Tradition
It Was Founded in 1540 by
Spanish Explorer.
A tradition which has been handel
down through many generations of
West Texas and New Mexico pioneers
has it that the little town of Ysleta,
Texas, 18 miles southeast of El Paso,
is the oldest settlement in the United
States.
According to this tradition, Ysleta
was founded in 1540 by Don Francisco
Vasquez Coronado, famed Spanish ex-
plorer. This would make Ysleta twen-
ty-five years older than St. Augustine,
Florida, which is accredited as being
the oldest city in this country.
Yet there are no official records to
substantiate the theory of Ysleta’s an-
tiquity. It is old, the oldest town in
Texas, no doubt, but its origin is trace-
able only as far back as 1682, authori-
tatively.
According to church records at
Ysleta, the town was founded by An-
tonio Otermin, Spanish governor of
New Mexico, about the year 1682.—
Detroit News,
Eclipse Aided Columbus,
An eclipse is said to have aided
Columbus on the Island of Jamaica a
few years after he discovered Amer-
ica. The savages had taken Colum-
bus and his companions prisoners and
would give them no food. By his
reckonings Columbus knew that an
eclipse of the moon was coming. He
called the Indian chiefs to him and
told them that if they did not bring
him and his companions food that
very night he would take from them
the light of the moon. At first they
laughed at him, but when the dark
shadow began to creep over the face
of the moon they ran to him with all
the food they could get together, be-
seeching him to forgive them and to
order the moon to shed its light again.
This happened March 1, 1504, a
date by which, according to modern
tables of eclipses, there would have
been an eclipse.
Masterpieces of Wood Carving.
In the Italian Renaissance master-
pieces in wood carving were elaborate
~hoir stalls, elaborately carved ceilings
and minor works of industrial art,
such as carved wedding chests. In
Spain wood carving flourished to a
still greater extent. Here the art
first showed Moorish influence, but
during the late Gothic period French,
and in the Sixteenth century Italian
influence. During the Seventeenth
century polychrome sculpture in wood
was perhaps the most characteristic
forsn of Spanish sculpture. The mas-
terpieces in the art were choir stalls
and screens.
Chinese “Devil Drive.”
Once in every 12 years the Chinese
residents in the little city of Kuching,
in the island of Borneo, exert them-
selves strenuously in a devil drive.
The devil driving is a beautiful af-
fair in magnificent dresses and de-
signs, for the devils are hunted by a
great procession of floats carrying
beautiful dressed young girls, loaded
with gold ornaments and jewels. Other
floats are adorned with vicious-look-
ing paper dragons. Scattered through-
out the mile-long procession are men
carrying silk banners with threatening
words written upon them to frighten |!
the devils.
Modern Youth,
In front of a Broadway restaurant
a ragged urchin was observed by a
kindly disposed and prosperous indi-
vidual
looked wistfully at the batter cakes
being baked by the girl in the win-
dow. “Hungry, kid?’ he asked,
“Naw!” came the scornful reply.
“Can't a fellow look at a swell dame
without drawin’ a crowd?”
who thought the youngster
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$4......$4......$4
Now Going On
sa Clean-Up Sale of
“Men's and Women's Shoes and Oxfords
PRINS
These are not old style shoes—but new,
up-to-date footwear, as wellfas good sizes
and widths. {Shoes that sold from $8
to $12 per pair—and you can
Have Your Pick at $4
Yeager’'s Shoe Store
THE SHOE STORE FOR THE POOR MAN
Bush Arcade Building 58-27 BELLEFONTE, PA.
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Come to the “Watchman” office for
High Class Job work.
Lyon & Co. Lyon & Co.
JANUARY - WHITE - SALE.
This sale is the greatest value giving in years. :
Highest quality goods marked at drastic low prices, although
the market is advancing. We are selling cotton, woolens and
silks at less than wholesale during this sale.
81x90 Bleached Seamless Sheets, value $1.85, sale price $1.35
4-4 Unbleached Muslin, worth 16 cents, cut price 12jc.
4-4 Bleached Muslin, worth 18c, now 15c.
15¢ Toweling, our price 10c. :
Table Damask, the 65¢ quality, now 45c.
72-in. all Linen Bleached Damask only $1.25.
Ladies’ Night Gowns and Envelope Chemise, the Dove make,
$1.25 and $1.35 quality, now g8c. Sa
SILKS.
See our Bargain Table of Silks. Dress lengths,..blouse
lengths and sport skirt lengths, from $1.00 up.
We have no space to enumerate all the great bargains in this
White Sale. Come in and see for yourself.
Clearing Sale of all winter goods still in the lead.
See our Ladies’ and Misses’ Coats and Suits, all this season’s
styles, at prices within every one’s reach. ;
LOT NO. 1. A clean up sale of all wool Dresses, Coats and
Suits for Ladies and Misses, only $4.65.
LOT NO. 2. SPECIAL. Coats and Suits, values up to
$35.00, now $9.00. :
SPECIAL SHOE SALE. :
One lot of Ladies’ High Shoes, black and Cordovan, values
up to $7.00, now $3.50.
Men's work and dress Shoes, values up to $6.00, now $3.50.
SEE OUR RUMMAG.L. "i ABLE.
Lyon & Co. ws Lyon & Co.