Bellefonte, Pa., August 4, 1922,
ETC St.
FARM NOTES,
—There are 202,250 farms in Penn-
sylvania and the average size is 87.3
acres.
—The urban population of Pennsyl-
vania in 1920 was 64.3 per cent. and
the rural 35.7 per cent.
—The average number of inhabit-
ants to the square mile in Pennsylva-
nia in 1920 was 194.5, as against 171.0
in 1910.
—Lycoming is the largest county in
Pennsylvania and has an approximate
land area of 780,800 acres. Philadel-
phia is the smallest and has a land
area of 81,920 acres.
—There are 1,567 townships in
Pennsylvania. Chester county ranks
first with fifty-seven townships and
Allegheny second with fifty-six. Cam-
eron county has only five townships.
—In the entire State on the first of
the year there were 862,868 dairy
cows and the average value of these
cows was $59, making the dairy herds
of the State worth $50,946,852.
—The new seed bed should be well
fertilized before sowing alfalfa. Plow
down some manure, if possible, and
then harrow in 300 to 500 pounds of
acid phosphate, or the same amount
of an 0-12-4 mixture. The latter fer-
tilizer will insure a better stand to
survive the winter.
—Do you know that 15 to 20 rose
chafers are sufficient to kill a one-
week old chick, and that 25 to 45 will
put a three-weeks-old bird out of busi-
ness? This sprawly bug is found on
many of our common bushes and trees
during early summer. Keep the chick-
ens on mowed fields and away from
grape vines and flowering shrubs
when the chafers are prevalent.
—There is a tendency during the
rush season, that all farmers are ex-
periencing now, to let the keeping of
records and accounts slide along un-
til there is more time to give them the
attention they require. Farm accounts
are most important in the business of
farming, and are worth all the bother
they necessitate. Get into the habit
of observing a regular time each day
for this work.
—To make cottage cheese, set milk
at 70 degrees F. and allow to curdle.
After a firm curd has formed, heat
the milk to 96 degrees F. and stir as
littie as possible in so doing. It will
take about 30 minutes to reach this
temperature. When the curd sepa-
rates in the whey, draw into cheese
cloth bags and allow to drain until the
proper consistency is reached. Then
salt and cream to taste, chill and
serve.
—It is not necessary to cut down
the vines on potato patches that have
been blighted. Spraying 8 to 10 days
before digging is recommended. To
prevent maximum rot the tubers
should be dug under the dryest possi-
ble conditions. Allow them to lay ex-
posed in the trench until perfectly dry.
If removed from field bearing any
moisture, they should be stored tem-
porarily on the barn floor, to a depth
not exceeding one foot, and allowed to
dry out thoroughly. Spores from
blighted vines will multiply so long as
moisture is present and cause rot.
Prevent “sweating”.in storage bins.
—Since the annuoncement of the
record of 47 tons of milk produced in
a year by five cows on the farm of
The Pennsylvania State College, dai-
ry men in all parts of the country
have sent inquiries to Professor A. A.
Borland, head of the college dairy de-
partment, in regard to the methods
of feeding and caring for the cows.
During the past week a Wisconsin
banker wrote to the college asking
for chemical and bacteriological data
in regard to the milk produced on the
college farm. A prominent San Fran-
cisco man, in asking for information
as to how the cows were handled, said
that he desired to improve the dairy
work done on the Pacific Coast.
—OQver 60 per cent. of the students
in the school of agriculture at The
Pennsylvania State College come from
Pennsylvania cities and towns, accord-
ing to a study that has just been com-
pleted by the college showing that
boys reared on the farm constitute
but 39 per cent. of the enrollment in
the school. About 35 per cent. of the
agricultural students are sons of far-
mers.
Additional figures given out by the
college recently show that more than
75 per cent. of the graduates of the
agricultural school are now engaged
in practical agricultural work. From
a combination of these two compila-
tions, one might perhaps deduce that
a trend back to the country has at last
begun. Af least, it is an encouraging
sign.
—Learning to be practical farmers
as well as scientific agriculturists,
thirty-six junior students in the de-
partment of horticulture of The Penn-
sylvania State College have taken
over the entire management of the
College farm. Supervised by an in-
structor, they are running tractors,
driving farm wagons, and operating
the various machines of a well-equip-
ped farm, as well as periorming the
manual tasks about the gardens,
green houses, nurseries and orchards
of the college.
Many of the agricultural students
come from homes in the city and have
had little farm experience before en-
tering Penn State. The summer work
on the college farm is in the nature of
a required practicum to put into use
the theoretical part of their training
secured during the regular college
term. The men work eight hours a
day and spend one hour in class-room
instruction.
For this summer the boys are living
in tents because all of the college dor-
mitory space is taken up by students
at the summer session. The college
plans to remedy this condition in
another year, however, for prepara-
tions are now being made for the rais-
ing of a $2,000,000 emergency fund
for the construction of Lealth, welfare
and residence buildings as a step in
the development of the institution in-
to the Pennsylvania State University.
ADVOCATES VOTING MACHINE.
Recent election scandals growing
out of the primaries, for which sever-
al Pittsburgh men and one woman
were indicted for ballot stealing, have
brought about a movement seeking to
have paper ballots superseded by vot-
ing machines in elections. Senator
William Flinn, of Pittsburgh, who is
heading the movement for the inno-
vation in Pennsylvania, describes the
voting machine, used in New York
and other States, as the only secret
method of voting.
“The paper ballot,” declared the
Senator recently, “does not furnish a
secret method of voting. It never did.
It never can. When they used to call
me a boss” in Pennsylvania politics,
I had a hard time getting one thing
accomplished—that was keeping the
ballot boxes locked. It’s an almost im-
possible job. I know that from exper-
ience. There are scores of cases where
honest young men, sincerely desirous
of serving for the good of the people
and sure of getting a majority of
votes, were ‘counted out’ by unscru-
pulous politicians. It is a common
saying in Pittsburgh that in the
‘Strip’ districts, they weight the bal-
lots instead of counting them. It has
been found hard getting evidence in
cases like that. Where you get seven
men indicted, 2 hundred go free, and
continue counting out candidates.
“With the proper ballot, it’s easy
for district leaders to make sure that
the men they have bought up, or the
men they have intimidated, ‘deliver
the goods.’ The voter who must
vote as he is told can make his mark
in such a way as to identify his vote.
He is permitted by law to write his
name in the space provided for vot-
ing for persons not nominated and
in that way, identify it. He can, by
pressing firmly with his pencil, em-
boss the ballot so that the mark can
be seen or felt on the back of the
ballot. Even if he does not wish to
disclose his vote, the election officer
at the ballot box can often see or
feel the back of the ballot how a voter
has voted.”
The voting machine which Senator
Flinn and other prominent Pennsyl-
vania men are advocating, is a box
curtained on three sides, the voting
board forming the fourth side.
The curtain completely hides the
voter while voting. As mechanical
indicators are used, there can be no
pencil marks to identify the ballot,
and election officers have no opportu-
nity to examine the voter’s ballot, to
see or feel how he voted. The coun-
ter compartment of the machine is
locked and sealed from view during
the voting, and the counters on the
rear of the machine show the totals
only, not each ballot separately.
“You can’t corrupt a machine,”
said Senator Flinn, describing the
manner in which the voting machine
works. “Each vote which is cast is
cast with mechanical certainty, and
mechanical secrecy. There can be no
slightest attempt at manipulation of
the machine without detection.
“The voting machine will prevent
practically every voting fraud which
1s so easy to commit under present
conditions. It will prevent ballot box
stuffing, switched boxes, and the de-
liberately planned confusion which po-
litical henchmen are ordered to start
around polling places sometimes, in
order that votes may be stolen while
the disorder weighs. You can’t walk
away with the big machine as you can
with a little ballot box, and even if
you could reach the machine, you |
couldn’t do anything with it.
“There can be no miscalling of
votes, because the machine registers
each one on the back, just as it is cast.
For that reason, there can be no re-
verse recording of votes, no jumping
of the tallies, no endless chain scheme,
no dual ballot and no delayed, substi-
tuted or fraudulent returns. In fact,
all the odd illegal tricks are check-
mated by the machine, for you can’t
cheat it.
When a voter enters the voting
machine, he first closes the curtain.
The opening of the curtain when he
has finished, automatically registers
his vote, leaving the face of the ma-
chine in the same condition in which |
he found it. The special feature of |
the curtain is that it not only makes
it possible for the voter to vote secret- |
ly, but it compels him to vote secret- |
ly, because it is impossible for him to |
operate the machine until he has clos- |
ed the curtain. fine
“The face of the machine is a board |
containing an array of the names of |
candidates. So ingeniously is the ma- |
chine constructed that it is absolutely |
fool-proof. A man cannot lose his
vote by voting wrongly. The machine |
won’t let him. For instance, if he
pulls the lever which votes the
straight Republican ticket, he thus au-
tomatically gives his vote to the whole
ticket, without any further movement
on his part, and indications above the
name of the nominees of other tick- |
ets arc mechanically locked, to stay
until he opens the curtains and the
vote is registered.”
“If he wishes to vote separately
for each candidate, he simply pulls
the little indicators down over the
name of each man for whom he wish-
es to vote. But the automatic locks
which are in constant operation fol-
lowing each motion of his, prevent
him from voting twice for the same
man, and from voting for two men
for the same office. The little ebony
indicators, once pulled down, stay
down, tight locked, until the vote is
registered.
“Each vote, as it is registered, is
merged into the count of the votes
that already have been cast. During
election, the counter compartment on
the back of the machine is locked with
two keys of different patterns held by
the election officers of different polit-
ical parties, thus insuring its privacy
unless both officers are present when
it is opened. Furthermore, even with
both keys, the counter compartment
cannot be opened without first locking
the machine against voting. Still fur-
ther, it can be sealed up during the
voting. It is therefore practically im-
possible to look at the counter during
election. But because the votes are
merged into the count automatically,
even an examination of the counters
either during the election or after,
would not disclose how any certain
voter voted. It is of course absolute-
ly impossible to tamper with the com-
partment itself, as all its operating
machine is automatic and is sealed be-
hind the board on which the figures
appear to announce the number of
votes for each candidate.
“On purely economic grounds, the
machine cannot be gainsaid as a sav-
er of money. Their reduction in elec-
tion costs is important, particularly
in Allegheny county, where last year’s
primary and general election cost
nearly half a million dollars.
“The voting machines would lower
this at least twenty-five per cent. In
the first place, their initial cost is al-
most their last cost; only the election
officers are needed. Two election offi-
cers are sufficient to handle the ma-
chine—one from each of two contest-
ing parties are enough to assure the
.safe locking of the counter compart-
ment. There is no returning board to
count the votes, because the machine
automatically counts as it registers
and the machine cannot be inaccurate.
There are no paper ballots to be
bought, and one machine can vote 999
persons. Buffalo, New York, and oth-
er cities have installed the machines,
and the bettered conditions in these
cities testify to the fact that the ma-
chine permits no tampering with the
votes of the plain people. The paper
ballots cannot help but be humanly
fallible, and the men who count them
are only human, too. The machine is
'
not. The only persons who could pos-
sibly be opposed to the machine are
those who have profited in the past by
illegal elections, and desire to so prof-
it in the future. We hope to have the
machines approved by the new Legis-
lature, and to see them all over Penn-
sylvania.
Hints Wasted on Him.
Gladys O’Weary had looked at the
clock several times and at last Percy
Vehere observed her glances.
“You were looking at the clock?”
he said.
“Yes,” she answered with a faint
smile.
Then he got up and went over to
the mantlepiece and looked at the
clock for fully half a minuie.
“I don’t see anything the matter
with it,” he said, and returned to his
seat.
Then he stayed an hour longer.
Or a Whippoorwill.
The firm was indulging in the lux-
ury of a new office boy.
“And what’s your name” asked the
rather flippant head clerk.
“William Wilson Atkinson Simp-
son,” was the sibilant reply.
“Tut-tut,” said the head clerk, “you
will be wasted here. Why don’t you
go into the country and get a job as a
nightingale 7”
PORTLAND CEMENT
LEAN, vermin-proof, weather-proof
living quarters insure healthy stock,
— poultry, cattle, pigs or sheep. Proper
concrete construction adds to these
qualities—permanence.
For over a quarter century Atlas
Portland Cement has given satisfacto:
results. It is “the Standard by whic
all other makes are measured.”
Your building material dealer can
give you information on any work you
plan. Ask his advice and follow it.
The Atlas Portland Cement Co.
Sales Offices:—New York—Boston—Philadelphia
Milis:—Northa
Hudson, N. Y.— Leeds, Ala.
mpton, Pa.
Ford One-Ton Truck #
at $430 is not only the most
Detroit
Pneumatic Tives
of either the
ial gearing of
§ 1/6 to 1 for
: y or
Shenton ¢o J
rie
wonderful truck value ever
offered but the most economical
means -of solving your haulage
and delivery problems, whether
you are a farmer, merchant or
manufacturer?
Let us give you all the facts,
Beatty Motor Co.,
BELLEFONTE, PA.
AER EE Ee
SILK HOSE
Ladies’ $2.50 black and
tan Pure Silk Hose re-
duced to
$1.50
ENE ee ee Na
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5 Yeager's Shoe Store @
THE SHOE STORE FOR THE POOR MAN
= Bush Arcade Building 58-27 BELLEFONTE, PA. i)
Come to the “Watchman” office for High Class Job work.
Lyon & Co.
Lyon & Co.
everything you want in summer goods.
AUGUST SALES
We are going to make August Sales a record
breaker. Marvelous opportunities to economize on
50c. to $1 Cotton Dress Goods now 35c. to 75c¢.
36-inch Percales now 18c.
15¢. Cotton Toweling 10c.
75¢. Table Damask 50c.
Dark and light Woolenes 18c.
Heavy unbleached Canton 18c.
Cotton, Baby Blankets 75c¢. pair.
See our window display.
Ede
Eds
wry TER
Bon Ton and Royal Worcester Corsets
Corsets in all the new models to suit the slender,
SPECIAL
One lot of Ladies’ Coats and All-wool Jersey
Jumpers, $3.98.
SHOES
All Sport Shoes for Women, Misses and Chil-
dren in this sale.
MEN'’S SHOES
AT PRICES TO SAVE BIG MONEY
Lyon & Co. « Lyon & Co.
medium and stout figures, from $1.00 to $10.00.