BDemorea Wald Bellefonte, Pa., March 31, 1922. PT ——— eee DISASTER OF 1917. Crushing Defeat of the French Armies Under Geheral Nivelle Due to That Leader's Overconfidence. The Revue de Paris is printing, month by month, the fullest account yet given of the greatest disaster sus- tained by the allies on the western front during the war. This was the defeat of the French armies under Ceneral Nivelle between Reims and Soissons on April 16, 1917. The ac- count is given by M. Painleve, who was the French war minister at that time, though he only came into effice when the plans for the battle were complete and thelr execution almost | inevitable. M. Painleve often has been attacked for his own action be- fore and after the smash, so he speaks as a party to a case. Still, more of what he says is only new in the sense that it has not been fully published before, though it was substantially known to the French and British gen- eral staffs within a few weeks of the calamity. The French attack, com- monly known at the time as the Chem- | in des Dames attack, was to be the | main blow of the Franco-British of- fensive for the year. Sir Douglas Haig, placed provisionally and with gome qualification under the supreme command of Nivelle, was to attack on April 9 from near Arras in the north to our right flank near St. Quentin in the south. Our part of the work was to draw off the German strength from the crit- ical point, to kill- and be killed and keep Ludendorff busy rather than to penetrate far. The whole scheme was Nivelle’s. Nivelle had been made com- mander in ehtef in succession to Joffre the Christmas before, to the exclusion of Foch and Petain. Nivelle was at the moment the latest fashion in gan- erals. French political feeling that winter was in a state of reaction against the “Somme school”—the school of Foch and Halg, the “Hmited objective” school, the school which re- stricted the depth of infantry advanees to ground on which artillery had quite ruined the enemy's defense. Nivelle represented a new “Verdun school” of swifter, deeper advance. He had suc- ceeded at Vaux and Dougumont a few months before, by making his men advance in a way that the “Somme school” would have thought reckless— because they or thelr predecessors had tried it in 1915 and found it disas- trous, but this was forgotten; fashion had changed; it had gone back to the more slashing fashions of 1914 and, 1915; Foch and Haig were back num- bers, Nivelle was the man, and wis-| dom would die with him. So he was given the whole Franco-British offen- sive in 1917 to mold at his will. His mind was completely made up by New Year's day, 19017. He had not a shadow of doubt, from then on, that he would be able to drive straight north- ward from Reims towards Brussels. | behind the German front, cutting off | the German northern armies. To any- | one, soldier or statesman, who sug-! gested a doubt or an extra precau- | tion he said, in effect, “Leave it to me. 1 pledge you my word we shall win.” | To infect the troops with his own op- | timism he circulated freely among regimental officers full written details | of the plan of attack, the date, the at- tacking strength, everything. This was done in January. Within a fortnight the enemy knew it all. Ludendorff in his book of memoirs tells us how a German raiding party captured, in the pocket of a dead French captain of the second division, the French plan of battle. The Germans had now twe months in which to fit up as an abat- toir the ground which Nivelle meant to capture first. They drew back their whole line between Arras and the Brit- ish right, futilizing the great part of the intended British division. Phen they sent down to the Reims-Soissons front the troops thus economized. Then they rigged up on the high flats of Vauclerc and Craonne, where the chief hopes of Nivelle’s coming attack centered, such an aggression of ma. chine guns and quick-firing guns, hood: ed with concrete and metal, as nc troops ever had to face, before or af- ter.—Manchester (Eng.) Guardian. A Welsh Poet Miner. Huw Mena! Willlams is Wales poet- | miner, who bids fair to bring Welsh literature to the attention of the Anglo-Saxon world. Born in Carnar- vonshire, Williams has been a coal miner at Glamorgan since he was six- teen. His work has therefore been en. tirely inspired among the sordid sur roundings of a mining town. Intel lectually, he is a self-made man. The remarkable thing about William's verse is that it is written in English —an acquired language for him and one that he has no extraordinary com- mand of. His book, “Through the Up- cast Shaft,” is causing a furore Ip England.—From Argonaut. Iceland Ponies. Iceland ponies run well in company. Out of fifteen or twenty, one or twge will soon be recognized as the leaders, and the rest will follow these; but nc amount of whipping will persuade them to go even a short distance sep arately—a fact which the traveler soon finds to be very inconvenient if his pony does not happen to be a lead er, and he is yet anxious to deviate occasionally to examine objects of in terest oft the track. This inability te run except in company has gained thi Icelandic ponies a character for stu pldity in this country, where they are seldom used except in the coal mines EMOTIONS VERY MUCH AKIN Both Laughter and Weeping Suddes Motions With Which Custom ls Bound to Do Away. Sudden glory is the passion which maketh those grimaces called laugh- ter; and is caused either by some sud- den act of their own that pleaseth them, or by the apprehension of some deformed thing in another by compari- son whereof they suddenly applaud themselves. And it is incident most to them that are conscious of the few- est abilities in themselves; who are forced to keep themselves in their own favor by observing the imperfec- tions of other men. And therefore much laughter at the defects of others Is a sign of pusillanimity. For of great minds one of the proper works is to help and free others from scorn and compare themselves only with the most able. On the contrary, sudden dejection is the passion that causeth weeping, and is caused by such accidents as sudden- some prop of their power; and they are most subject to it that rely prin- cipally on helps external, such as are women and children. Therefore some | CAME BACK TO OLD HOME intelligent Horse Made Her Way for Many Miles to Quarters Which She Preferred. My father was very fond of horses and owned several good ones. One which I remember particularly was a beautiful, gentle black horse—a pacer, which he named “Blackie.” He was very fond of her, as well as she of him, He allowed no one to abuse her and always took the best care of her. She was petted and loved and given as much care as a child. She was one of my father's favorite horses and was the mother of one fine colt, of whom she was indeed proud. At one time she was ill and my father sent her out to a pasture in the country. One dark December night a cold north wind blew and a light snow was falling. About midnight my father was aroused from his sleep by a strange noise. Did a horse whin- ny? Now he heard the unmistakable ; whinny of a horse, at which he arose ly take away some vehement hope or ! . approach, weep for the loss of friends, others for their unkindness, others for the sudden ! stop made to their thovehts of revenge by reconciliation. But in all cases, both | laughter and weeping are sudden mo- | tions, custom taking them both away. For no man laughs at old Jjests or | weeps for an old calamity.—Hoboes “Leviathan.” Cairngorm the One Emblem to Which Substantial Claim Can Be Made by Highlanders. “So far as I know,” said the cus- toms and fashions fan, the New York Sun notes, “only one stone can lay any substantial claim to being a national emblem. The stone is the cairngorm and the place it holds is unique. It has no great beauty, being a yellowish or brownish or smoky sort of quartz found in any quaatity in the Scottish hills. It is mined chiefly southwest of Banff, “So frequently has it been set in the big brooches that hold the folds of the kiltie costume at the shoulder and in the haft of the highland dirk that it has sentimental value greater to the average Scot than that attached to any other stone, “It happens that this homely stone, mined in Brazil and Siberia, and also in Colorado and North Carolina, is also called the Spanish topaz or the false topaz, but to a Scot it is never any- and went out into the night. There, apon the front lawn, to his astonish- ment stood Blackie, who, hearing his came to meet him. She nestled her head affectionately against his shoulder, and whinnied, as much as to say, “I was cold and came home. I very much prefer my own bed.” My father took her to the stable and made her quite comfortable and did not again take her away. As Blackie could open any gate, she had come home over the familiar road, | a distance of several miles.—Marie “NATIONAL” STONE OF SCOTS | thing but the cairngorm, and so much’ sentiment is attached to it that he re gards it almost as a charm.” Power of Progress. Electricity represents the power of progress, In the early days of America in- dustry, mills were built on the banks of streams that water power could be ; utilized. Next come the age of steam and factories were built near the rail- roads that coal could be delivered to the plant. Then came the present age of electricity and the greatest in- dustrial development the world has ever known. Today electricity brings the enor- mous resources of the country’s coal mines and water power to the indus- trial plants of the nation. By the throwing of a switch, industry is as- sured instant and constant power whenever needed, even though the plant supplying the electrical power may be hundreds of miles away from the consumer. Co-ordinated research, engineering, manufacturing and com- mercial efforts have made possible this quick delivery of power at a cost which perniits rapid and efficient de- velopment of industry. Differing Tea Tastes. Russians drink tea, not with the ad- dition of milk as we do, but with lemon juice squeezed in, while in Germany tea is often flavored with cinnamon and rum. Perhaps the quaintest form of “tea- drinking” is that practiced by_the sav- age tribes in Tartary, Central Asia. The leaves are first boiled in soda, then seasoned with butter and salt, and then eaten, Many people think that tea taken late at night produces sleeplessness. It does, but if a slice of lemon is added instead of milk, it will induce sleep. In cases of fever, tea taken with lemon and a little sugar, and, of course, no milk, is very refreshing. A very common, error is the belief that by adding a pinch of carbonate of soda, a stronger taste can be ob- tained. This is not so, carbonate of soda being only useful when the water is hard. A pinch of salt is invaluable for giving flavor at all times. —————————— Use River as Washtub, The River Seine is the great wash- tub of Paris. Here, as in Normandy, and Brittany and other: places, the women wash in the river, Hundreds of white wash barges, or “lavoirs,” are anchored along its banks. These boats are sunk just deep enough to bring the water to a convenient height, There is a row of wash stalls on each side. A “stall” In one of these barges is rented for two sous a washing. Here thousands of women may be seen wash- ing busily. No hot water is used, oft- en no soap. The women lean over the edge of the boat, as though it were a tub, and beat the linen with wooden paddles. The noise of these beating paddles, a steady “tap-tapping,” can be heard a long distance. The clothes are dried on the grass, or on lines, along the banks of the river. McDonald Rigney in Our Dumb Ani- mals, ARMS FRCM FLINT DEPOSITS Investigators Have Shown Where “Mound Builders” Got Their Supply of Materials. Methods of ancient munition making are revealed by recent investigations of the Ohio State Archeological and Historical society, which show that the tribes which once inhabited Ohio, the so-called “Mound Builders,” got their supply of flint for their arrow heads, spears, and knives from the de- posits of flint which occur in the fer- riferous limestone of Flint ridge in Licking and Muskingum counties. A great industry flourished there once. Skilled quarrymen, with a patience difficult to appreciate when one finds that their tools were enly hammerstones of granite or quartzite, with perhaps the aid of wooden or, bone wedges. worked out the stone from the ledges. Either the quarry- men or another group of workmen | then roughed out the blank forms from which the implements were to be made. This was done that imperfec- tions might be discovered and also to save the transportation of useless mae terial. The roughed-out blocks were then taken to the workshops in the vicinity of the quarry and expert workmen fashioned from them leaf-like blades, from which, with but little further i work, all forms of arrow points, spear points drills, knives and scrapers could be made, When Berlin Wanted Dark Streets. Street lighting is ethically wrong be- cause it is an open defiance of Deity to turn night into day—day should be day and night should be night! In case some old-fashioned citizen of Kansas City made this startling statement he would in all probability be declared insane and be placed where he could not voice any other sentl- ments of a ‘similar nature. Yet this argument antedates street lighting it- self. Historians and students on munici- pal affairs tell us that this argument was one of the most powerful ones against the installation of street lights in Berlin in 1820. Conservative people of that city deemed it an act against Providence to light the streets of Ber- lin with gas lights when God had or- dained that their section of the hemi- sphere should be dark.—Kansas City Star. Great Wall of China. An examination of the bricks and mortar in the Great Wall of China was made at Shan-hai-kwan by a chemist attached to the Bureau of Sci- ence at Manila, He reports that the bricks are so weak that pieces may be broken off with the fingers. They are much larger than ordinary building bricks, gray in color, and resemble pumice somewhat in struc- ture. The mortar, which is pure white under the exposed surface, is much stronger than the bricks. The tradi- tion that the bricks were dried in the sun only has been confirmed by labora- tory tests. If they had been dried in a kiln the appearance of the wall would have been considerably differ- erent and its strength and durability would have been much greater. Mason and Dixon's Line. Mason and Dixon's line In itself was a very short affair, defining the bound- ary between the states of Pennsylvania and Maryland, about 244 miles In length, It was a subject of contro- versy for more than 80 years, and was finally fixed at 89 degrees, 43 minutes and 26.3 seconds north. This line, if extended across the continent, would pass through the states of West Vir- ginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, Utah, Nevada and California. It takes its name from the British firm of surveyors who surveyed it between 1763 and 1767. During the Civil war it was considered the north- ern limit of slavery, roughly separating the North from the South; Maryland und Delaware, however, both recog- nized slavery. MADE MOCK OF SCIENTISTS Man Emerged Unharmed From Oven in Which Chicken and Bread Had Been Roasted. For a wager of $200 a man named Martinez suffered himself to be practi- cally baked alive some years ago in Paris in the presence of a number of scientists, He entered a huge oven, specially built, after ft had been heat- ed to a temperature of 312 degrees Fahrenheit, or about 100 degrees het- ter than boiling water. Then the door was closed, and he was left alone for an hour, in company with an uncooked chicken and an un- baked loaf of bread. Candles were also provided that he might have light during his incarceration—or inciner- ation, as many people thought it would turn out. When he was released, however, he was found alive and well, with the chicken and loaf cooked to a turn. The candles had become boiling tallow. Martinez afterward repeated his per- formance in Brussels, Milan and other cities, but there must have been some- thing abnormal in his constitution, since of several would-be emulators of his feat none succeeded in staying out the full hour, while two, at least, per- ished miserably. Probably his success was due in part to the care he took to have every par- ticle of moisture extracted from the oven before he entered it, since it is a well-known fact that hot, dry air does not so adversely affect a human being us hot, moist air.—Detroit News. NIGHT ON THE AEGEAN SEA Author's Beautiful Word Painting of Marvelous Pictures Formed by the Lunar Rainbows. Writing of lunar rainbows, in his “The Opal Sea,” John C. Van Dyke says: “And what pictures, never painted by master, ancient or modern, are to be seen by the weather rail at night when the lunar rainbow with its arch of subtle light-and-dark fol- lows on the ship's beam, when the pur- ple water flashes through the patches of the mist. The summer nights upon the Aegean when the small island steamer sweeps you past Syrian ships becalmed—their hulls lost in the low-lying vapors, their sails looming above the drifts into the white moon- light—are never to be forgotten. They are only impressions of intangible lignt and color, momentary revelations of pictorial poetry without literary mean- ing or association; and yet very in- sistent revelations, very striking Im- pressions. \We do not readily define them, but we feel their effect upon us, nevertheless. It is an effect analogous perhaps to that produced by music— pale music in a minor key, dreamy music thar moves in slow-heaving ca- dences or faints in realms of sun-shot haze or gleams in chords of lustrous silver.” — —————————————————— Immortal Poets. The palm for exquisite poetry should go to Keats. In lofty ideas of death, Wordsworth and Bryant march hand in hand. Shelly, compared with the other three, seems immature, As to these four poets, it is curious to note that Bryant died at the age of 84, his death being caused by a sunstroke when he was giving an address in Central park, New York, on the un- veiling of a statue; Keats died of con- sumption in Rome at the age 25, and was buried there, in the old Protestant cemetery—the following epitaph (which he had desired placed there) being put on his tomb: “Here lies one whose name was writ in water.” Shelly was drowned when he was sailing on the Bay of Spezia, before he was quite 80, and was cremated (although his heart would not burn), and the ashes buried near the grave of Keats, and Wordsworth died at the age of 80, at Rydal Mount, Westmoreland. Color Blindness. It is declared that people suffering from color-blindness often have better, clearer vision than people with normal sight, While 4 per cent of our male population suffer from color-blindness. only one-half of one per cent of the fe- male population is affected. This imper- fection of the sight is very pronounced among Jews and Quakers. The origin of color-blindness is as completely un- known to scientists as is the reason for thus attacking only certain sec- tiong of people, but women may be free from it, probably because their eyes have beer trained to color for gener- ations. while Quakers are peculiarly susceptible, owing to the monotonous color of their garments. Color-blind- ness rans in a family for generations. and. although it is always in the males, it descends through the females. The daughters of color-blind men invari- ably have color-blind sons.—The Sun- day at Home, Sterilizing Instruments. After trying many plans, I believe that the best way to sterilize delicate cutting instruments is to lay them in pure curbolic acid for ten minutes, then rinse them off in sterile water, place them In 95 per cent alcohol for 15 minutes, and finally lay them in a tray of sterile water, writes Dr .Edwin B. Miller, assistant professor of opthal- mology in the University of Pennsyl- vania in an article in the New York Medical Journal. In the bottom of each tray there should be a sterile gauze pad. They are then laid out on a table covered with a sterile sheet in the order in which they are to be used in the operation. This saves confusion and aids the assistant to pick up quick- ly the needed instrument. They are then covered with a sterile towel until the surgeon is ready to use them. TRAE Lary lalege: or PASTY SHA BNR Sewanee Be bem SHORT-TAILED SHREWS “I've always been so glad,” said Mr. Short-Tailed Shrew, “that my name was so different from the names of other creatures. “It wouldn't be nearly so interesting to be named anything else as it is to be known as a snort-talied shrew. There is something so unusual and at- tractive about the name. “Don’t you think so too?” “I agree with you, but then of course I would agree with you natural- ly, as my name is the same,” safd Mrs. Short-Tailed Shrew. “We're not very sociable as a rule, but you and I are pretty sociable at present,” Mr, Short-Tailed Shrew con- tinued. “Do you know I wonder if people know how helpful we are to them?” asked Mrs. Short-Tailed Shrew, “I am sure I don’t know,” said Mr. Short-Tailed Shrew. “Why do you ask?” “Well, I hope that they do, and I hope they will learn it more and more, or rather that more and more people will learn that the little short-tailed shrew or mole shrew as he is some- times known does everything he can to help people. “He eats insects and bugs which are harmful and is never anything but nice In his actions, “He has a great deal of courage, and though he can hardly see at all he will fight bravely if he has to, even if he can’t see the enemy who is attack- ing him, “Of course his sense of smell is very keen and strong and he can rush this - -Otnhers by Streams.” way and that by feeling and by swell. “He can see light from dark, but he hasn't much to boast of in the way of eyesight or eyes, “Some of us are fond of living in the forests, others by streams, others again by fields. We're not in the least fussy. “We burrow in the ground and have fine runways where we go from place to place. “Qur homes are beautiful with a number of rooms papered and car- peted by soft grass and leaves. “We eat more in a day than we weigh, That is if anyone weighed the amount of food we ate in a day they would find that we were much smaller in size than the quantity of food we had eaten. “But it doesn’t hurt us for we are so active, always so busy. We do not even rest and sleep in the winter the way some creatures do, “That is, I mean we do not go to sleep for the winter. “We have very keen sense of hear- ing. “Oh, yes, we can hear very well. “But I must say I have no use for creatures who eat all the time and who are lazy. We must eat a lot in order to have the strength to do so much. ‘“And we must do a lot in order to be able to eat a lot! I don't like to hear of creatures who eat and eat and eat and who then feel too lazy to do anything That is dreadful. “We can protect ourselves by our bravery and also by our musk glands which have a curious odor to them which the other animals do not like. we are thankful to say. “We can squeak and cry and we can become very angry. But we're not dreadful little creatures at all, and I do wish people would hear that we are not.” “Perhaps they will,” said Mr. Short- Tailed Shrew. “And perhaps the next time they see a little dark animal which looks something like a mole they will say: “ “There is a nice short-tailed shrew. We will not harm him.” “Oh, that would be pleasant indeed,” said Mrs. Short-Tailed Shrew. “Well, I believe we have talked enough, 1 have plenty to do and then I don’t bother much about being sociable and talking my time away.” “Neither do I,” said Mr. Short- Tailed Shrew as he wiggled his snout, which was his way of saying a polite good-by to Mrs. Short-Tailed Shrew. Horse's Perilous Trip. City Point, Belfast, Me., was re cently electrified by a regular cir- cus feat when Robin, a chestnut horse owned by Fred A. Holmes, attached to a heavy rack ased for hauling barrels, crossed the long open single trestle of the railroad bridge. The driver was taken sick as the team approached the bridge, and the horse, accepting the path as a part of the day's work, carefuily placing his feet on the ice-covered stringers, crossed over to solid ground.—Boston Globe. I An A bltitits Bb Vw uo ABE AN OUTFIT FOR SPRING WEAR This charming spring suit consists of a gray broadcloth skirt and a uniquely cut coat of blue serge, crossed diagonally by matching gray stripes. CHAPEAU HINTS FOR SPRING Fruits and Flowers in Abundance Are Predicted for Use on Variety of Headgear. —n The wizards of millinery art are busy planning the creations that will adorn milady’s proud head this spring. Some of the advance models are already on display and if there is anything in signs, the spring is due for a rainbow of color In contras. to the sombre of winter. There is a new shade of violet bound to be becoming to the fair skinned and blond or brunette type equally well, It is a sort of blue when first discovered, yet, one could not safely call it blue without fear of having one’s neighbor call it violet. So subtle is the color note, that it is truly charming. Rose, too, has a strange new blend. It mixes with orchid to form a decidedly new shade for spring millinery. Fruit and flowers in abundance are predicted. According to present signs, the hats will be small, but brimmed. At front, just above the short brim, a multitude of colorful fruits wand flowers nestle together. Novelty fruit, such as pink grapes on a violet hat is shown. Silver grapes on gray are new and fascinating. So also are the green and yellow and blue fruits that nestle together to form a bizarre effect at the front of a tangerine hat In chiffon taffeta. STYLES OF THE DAY The half-inch leather belt is worn on the newest sweaters. Heavy bone ball buttons fasten the newest jersey frock. Amgng things that are interesting in the spring capes is the bright lin- ings. For little girls there are all sorts of charming frocks in English prints, calicoes and chintzes. Sweaters are made with round bands consisting of blocks of different color, on a foundation of white, black er beige. For formal afternoon occasions there is a long tunic blouse of Spanish lace, with wrist length flowing sleeves picoted at the bottom. The lower sec- tion of the blouse is split almost up to the hips, and all the edges are picoted. Ratime, plain and plaided, alone and combined with Japanese silk, basket weave material, Roman striped mo- hair, krepe-knit, silk, eponge, heavy linen, pongee, and gingham are among the fabrics which have already been brought out for spring waistcoats and gilets. The vogue for lingerie neckwear or collar and cuff sets to be worn with suits is quite generally taking among manufacturers also, Boudoir Garments Are Wool Trimmed. Among the very popular and prac- tical boudoir robes of the present sea- gon is the garment made of a light silk, such as crepe de chine and china silk, interlined with lambs’ wool and daintily quilted. Frequently wool em- proidery supplies the trimming touch, d@lthough quite as many are entirely untrimmed, Washable flannel kimonos are also popular and dainty, and wool challis is used for serviceable boudoir garments. For spring some very dainty cotton crepe negligees are be- ing shown, and the low waistline so much featured in outer apparel enters the negligee field also, some rather pleasing effects having been developed. Neck Ribbons Again. The flapper set in Paris has resur- rected the neck ribbon, and it Is fast gaining in popularity. The girls are wearing a band of ribbon tightly about the neck, just below the chin. It is usually about half an inch wide, and the colors run all the way from bright yellow to black. Some of the wearers have a small gold ornament, such as a miniature heart, hanging from the rib- bon by a chain in frent, It is just a fad and probably won't last more than a couple of months.