Bellefonte, Pa., January 20, 1922,
BE A SPORT.
Yau may call yourself dull in a fit of de-
spair,
Or drop all your pep, and say you don’t
care;
But I'll tell you, my friend, that’s a habit
to break.
In planning this world not a single mis-
take
Was made in the building. So when you
complain
Take stock of yourself.
that's to blame.
Just right about face; it may hurt some,
it’s true;
But that’s just the way any good sport
would do.
You're the chap
When you wake in the morning don’t look
for a cloud;
You know what’s behind it.
in the crowd.
Be ene of them, cheerfully singing along.
You may get a bump, but don‘t stop your
Just swing
song,
Perhaps one will hear it who needs just
a bit
Of encouragement now. Your song may
be it.
What matter if yesterday's failure were
big?
Today is your day, so get in and dig.
If you meet any trouble, why just change
its name,
And call it a ladder.
fame.
But whatever you do, be quick and begin
its
You never can tell just how much there is
in it.
—Jane Bates, in Forbes’ Magazine.
They oft lead to
PEANUT GROWERS ORGANIZE
TO CUT COST TO CON-
SUMERS.
In northeastern North Carolina and
southeastern Virginia peanut growing
has risen to a place of great import-
ance. This section produces the larg-
est yield of the high-grade nuts. Here
is produced about 90 per cent. of the
large neanuts grown in the United
State, and Suffolk, Va., is the largest
peanut market in the world.
An organization, the Peanut Grow-
ers’ Exchange, has been formed as a
non-profit co-operative body to pro-
mote and reduce speculation and to
stabilize the peanut market. The ex-
change is designed to distribute the
supply uniformly throughout the sea-
sons in accordance with market con-
ditions.
This organization has about five
thousand members representing fifty-
two per cent. of the 1921 crop. It ex-
pects to handle approximately one
million bags this season. All mem-
bers bind themselves for a period of
seven years and expenses are limited
to 5 per cent. of the resale value. = |
Peanuts of a like grade and variety
are pooled for storage and sale. The
exchange can borrow money on pea-
nuts or by-products in warehouses. It |
is proposed to advance 50 to 60 per |
cent. or about two and a half cents per
pound, upon delivery of the peanuts to
the exchange, then to pay off the
grower, as the market consumes the
nuts. The present delay in paying is
due to the slow movement of peanuts
in the market; but recently the Board
of Directors signed papers for one
million dollars which the War Finance
Corporation has since advanced, with
the statement that it is in a position
to make whatever further advances
would be necessary. This will take
immediate effect by easing up the
financial situation in the peanut dis-
trict.
Considering the fact that the clean-
er pays only four to five cents a pound
to the farmer, it is evident that the
consumer pays a very high price for
peanuts. The cleaner figures 10 per
cent. less and generally gets twenty
per cent. jumbos at seven and a half
cents. 30 per cent. fancies at six
cents and 40 per cent. shellers at three
cents on the present market. I
bought a five cent bag of peanuts
from a vendor and found that it
weighed a shade over three ounces,
showing that it was sold at about
twenty-five cents per pound. Later
I purchased a pound at a large retail
store, paying twenty-two cents.
The aim of the exchange is to place
peanuts in every grocery store in the
raw state, eliminating the various
middlemen and roasters, and bring-
ing peanuts to the consumer at a low-
er price. It is planned to have grocer-
ies lease roasters and get peanuts di-
rect from the Peanut Growers’ Ex-
change or a cleaner. This would bring
the retail price to twelve or fifteen
cents a pound.
Another plan of the exchange is a
public educational campaign. The
food value of the peanut is not gen-
erally appreciated; but nevertheless,
leading doctors recommend them on
account of the large amount of oil and
protein they contain. Likewise, knowl-
edge concerning peanut growing is to
be disseminated. The nut or pod is
at the roots of a stalk and is ripened
underground. The stalk sprouts from
one of the branches of the plant above
the ground, grows downward into the
earth and there develops the pod.
After the fields are plowed, the nuts
are raked up and placed in one hun-
dred pound sacks (four bushels). The
average annual production is two to
two and a half million bags.
This plan of public education will
be built around the slogan “America’s
National Food.”
Speaking of Thrift.
Two women were arguing about
thrift.
“D’ye see that purse?” demanded
one with a triumphant air. “It’s the
one I bought when I was first married,
twenty years ago.”
“That’s nothing!” sneered her
friend “You know my husband,
John?”
“5¢ course, I do. What about
“Well, he’s my first husband and
him?”
you've had three. Don’t you preach
thrift to me!”
-——One million dollars an hour for
more than two years—that is what
the war cost the United States.
FARM NOTES.
—Animals selected for food should
be healthy. They should also be in
good condition. Lean, scrawny ani-
mals do not give much satisfaction
when served on the table, while fat
improves the flavor, tenderness and
appearance of the carcass.
—During the winter when cows are
stabled the greater part of the time,
they should be watered two or three
times a day, unless arrangements have
been made to keep water before them
at all times. The water should if pos-
sible, be 15 to 20 degrees above freez-
ing, and should be supplied at prac-
Yicaly the same temperature every
ay.
—NMinerals fed to hogs strengthen
the bones of the animals. When pigs
are receiving a balanced ration, but
are being fed without pasture, milk
or tankage, minerals are a valuable
aid. Minerals used are ground lime-
stone, airslaked lime, rock phosphate,
bonemeal in various forms, slaked
coal and salt. Every practical hog
man knows the worth of charcoal,
wood ashes and salt for hogs, espe-
cially in winter, when hogs cannot get
into the soil.
—Much theory has been advanced
as to the value of vegetable matter in
the soil. Too much can hardly be
claimed for it in practical farming.
Humus is formed by the turning un-
der of vegetable matter, by the appli-
cation of barnyard manure, by the ap-
plication of straw, litter, etc. Many
soils have failed more from lack of
humus than from lack of fertility con-
stituents of the soil. It is a fact often
shown that soils with much plant food,
when analyzed by chemists, failed to
yield crops in heavy cropping, because
the humus had depreciated so the
plant foods could not be used by
plants.
—It is important that the manure
be kept moist. 'L'his is especially so
with horse manure, which decomposes
very rapidly, due to its naturai dry
nature. The same applies to sheep
manure, only in not so great a degree.
Where there is not a sufficient supply
of water the manure will “fire-fang.”
To check this the manure pile should
be sprinkled regularly in order to
have the heap kept in a constant state
of moisture. Ammonia is liberated
where there is alternate wetting and
drying; hence the importance of do-
ing the work regularly.
‘The composition of the manure has
much to do with the nature and ex-
tent of fermentation, especially upon
the amount of nitrogen in a soluble
form which it contains. The more
soluble nitrogen, the more rapid fer-
mentation. Urine is rich in soluble
nitrogenous compounds, causing rap-
id decomposition.
Fermentation causes manure to de-
crease rapidly in bulk. The coarse ma-
terials are gradually decomposed, and
to a large extent are dissolved, in the
biack liquid which oozes out of the
manure pile.
Although it decreases the bulk, fer-
mentation when properly controlled is
a valuable way ot increasing the avail-
ability of the fertilizing constituents.
Leaching causes deterioration of
manure. ‘Lhe value rapidly decreases
when the manure is exposed to the a¢-
tion of the elements and the leachings
are allowed to drain away. A loose
pile of horse manure that is subjected
to the action of the elements will lose
about half of its valuable fertilizing
constituents in the course of six
months.
Experiments have shown that solid
cow dung when expcsed to ordinary
leaching for 109 days lost 37.6 per
cent. of its nitrogen, 51.9 per cent. of
its phosphoric acid and 47.1 per cent.
of its potash. Mixed dung and urine
lost during the same time 51 per cent.
of its nitrogen, 51.1 per cent. of its
phosphoric acid and 61.1 per cent. of
its potash. More than one-half of the
constituents in the total animal ma-
nure product of the cow may be lost
by an exposure of less than four
months.
To estimate the amount of litter re-
quired for any given animal, it is a
safe rule that the litter should amount
to at least one-third of the dry matter
of the food consumed. The daily al-
lowance would be, sheep, three-fifths
pound of litter; cattle, 9 pounds; hors-
es, 6% pounds. An excess of litter be-
yond that needed to keep the animal
clean and absorb the liquid excrement
should not be used, as the materials
available for bedding are generally
poor in fertilizing constituents, and so
extend and dilute the manure unnec- |
essarily.
The character of the soil dictates
whether the manure should be applied
rotted or fresh; where improvement
of the mechanical condition is the
main object, heavy clay soils should
have fresh manure, and light soils
well-rotted manure.
_ Where prompt action of fertilizers
is desired in a favorable season light
soils utilize coarse manure to better
advantage than do heavy soils. In
soils that are heavy, decomposition
takes place slowly, and the constitu-
ents of the fresh manure become
available very slowly. In light soils,
however, unless there happens to be
a dry season, the conditions are such
that the manure decomposes readily,
and the fertilizing constituents are
probably rendered available as fast as !
the plant needs them.
Trials on clay soils show that fre-
quently manures produce no effect at
all during the first year, due to de- |
composition being slow, but the ma-
nure is not lost, as the clay possesses |
very powerful absorptive properties.
There is a forcing effect in fresh
manure, with a tendency to produce
stems and leaves at the expense of
fruit and grain. Therefore, fresh ma-
nure is better for early garden crops,
grasses and forage plants than for
cereals and fruits.
Manure should be spread and allow-
ed to lie on the surface only on level
fields where it is not likely to be sur-
face washed. There is no danger of
a serious loss of ammonia into the air.
As regards the amount of manure
to be applied, there can be no fixed
rule. An abundant application would
be 17 to 18 tons to the acre; a good
coating would be 14 tons, and a light
one would be 8 or 9 tons. In New
Jersey some farmers go as high as 20
tons to the acre, where trucking is
racticed, and some farmers give even
arger amounts.
THE STATE’S FORESTS.
Investments of $25,000,000 Would
Yield Enough to Support Schools.
. In his report to the State Grange
convention recently held at York, Gif-
ford Pinchot, State Forester, said:
“The State forests of Pennsylvania
can be made to pay the school bill of
the State. If the 5,000,000 acres of
the Pennsylvania desert can be pur-
chased and set to work growing trees,
not only will the $25,000,000 of the
bond issue necessary to buy it be re-
paid, principal and interest, within a
reasonable time by the growth of the
forests, but a net annual revenue will
be produced large enough to carry the
whole burden of State taxes for school
purposes for every taxpayer in the
State.
“This is a big statement, but it is
true. The appropriation for school
purposes for this year, made available
by the last Legislature, is $15,000,000.
Pennsylvania has today more than
1,000,000 acres of State forests. If
she issues bonds and buys 5,000.000
more, that will make 6,000,000. Let
us see what 6,000,000 acres of well-
handled forests will produce.
“Twenty years ago certain kinds of
trees were selling for $20 per 1000
board feet on the stump. Last year
the prices ran up to $75 per 1000.
The value of stumpage will keep on
rising.
“Stumpage of very moderate qual-
ity is now bringing the Pennsylvania
Department of Forestry $10 per 1000.
It is, therefore, more than conserva-
tive to say that the average value of
Pennsylvania stumpage 50, 75 and
100 years hence will be $20 per 1000
board feet and $1.50 per cord.
“The forest lands of the State, un-
der proper care and protection, will
grow at least one cord of wood per
acre per annum. Using this figure,
and also the known amount of board
feet in a cord at different ages, we
find that, if the trees on the 6,000,-
000 acres we hope to have were cut
when they reached the age of fifty
years, the product would be 270 board
feet and one-half cord of wood per
acre, yielding, at $20 per thousand
and $1.50 a cord, a stumpage return
of $6.15 per acre, or, for the 6,000,-
gon acres, a yearly total of $36,900,
“If the trees were cut when they
reached the age of seventy-five years,
they would yield 815 board feet and
about one-third of a cord per acre,
a stumpage value of $7.54 per acre,
or a yearly total of $45,240,000.
“If the trees were cut when they
reached the age of 100 years they
would produce 405 board feet and one-
quarter of a cord per acre, a stump-
age value of $8.47 per acre, or a
yearly total of $50,820,000.
“For much of the saw timber the
estimated $20 stumpage will by that
time be far too low. It is more than
likely, therefore, that if the State ac-
quires the 5,000,000 acres of the
‘Pennsylvania desert,’ the net annual
return from it will ultimately be larg-
er than the whole present yearly rev-
enues of the State. Indeed, it may
well reach the total of all present
State and local taxes for school pur-
poses, or an amount sufficient to pay
for the whole public school system of
the State. And whatever the State
forests yield goes by law to the
schools.
“That one-half the net revenue
from 6,000,000 acres of State forests
for a single year as outlined above,
or $25,000,000, will be sufficient to
buy the land needed to set this wood
factory going is proved by actual of-
fers of land on file with this depart-
ment.”
WAR ON BAD ROADS.
War material worth $150,000,000
that was to have been sent to France
has been turned over for use in the
construction of good roads throughout
the United States. Included in these
military supplies were 172 locomo-
tives of various sizes; 27,000 motor
vehicles, mostly trucks; 25,000 tons of
rails; 4,500,000 tons of powder and
10,000 tons of TNT.
This material was delivered to the
States under the Wadsworth-Kahn
law as a part of the national aid in
the building and improvement of
roads throughout the country. But
the amount stated does not include all
the material, for $11,000,000 worth
was retained by the department of
agriculture largely for forest road
work which is not done by the States.
In addition, the States have received
from the War Department about $5,-
000,000 worth of material shipped
from the various army camps in this
country. Texas received the largest
share of the surplus. Thus what was
designed to tear up roads and ground
in France and Germany will be used
to make roads in the United States.
—Get your job work done here.
business ?
* * *
it.
Wholesale Meat Prices DOWN
WHY?
Do wholesale meat prices go up and down with
fluctuations in live stock prices?
Why do live stock prices fluctuate ?
Why are some cuts of meat higher than others?
What kind of competition is there in the meat
Where does your meat come from?
How does it happen that you can always getit?
Why is the large packer necessary ?
Swift & Company's 1922 Year Book answers
these and many other questions.
It’s ready for distribution, and there is a copy
free for you. Send for it. You'll enjoy reading
It’s a revealing document.
UP
Mid-Winter Shoe Bargains
at Yeagers
Shoes are worth Seeing and Buying
Come and See Them
Maybe You'll Buy
Ladies’ Felt Slippers, all colors - - $2.00
Men's Leather Slippers, good quality - 2.50
Children’s Rubber boots - - - 2.00
Children’s Shoes, good quality, sizes to 11 2.00 =
Warm Slippers for cold feet - - - 1.25 It
We have so many bargains, that we cannot tell you all about
them, but we ask you to call and we can prove that we can save
} you money.
Yeager’s Shoe Store
THE SHOE STORE FOR THE POOR MAN
Bush Arcade Building
BELLEFONTE, PA.
58-27
astma——
Come to the “Watchman” office for High Class Job work.
Lyon & Co. Lyon & Co.
Rummage Sale Bargains
See our Rummage Table Bargains in
Dress Goods in Silk, Wool and Cotton and Ready-made
Dress Coats and Suits
January Bargams
We are making January Sales
* * *
Address Swift & Company
4290 Packers Avenue
Union Stock Yards,
Chicago, Ill.
Swift & Company, U. S. A. |
|
the largest. This means wonder-
ful reductions of all winter and
seasonable merchandise, winter
goods must be sold now regard-
less of cost.
Coats, Suits, Dresses and Furs at
wholesale, and less in many cases.
This pre-inventory sale of winter
goods means sacrifice of profits
for us, and almost a seasons wear
ahead.
We Extend an Invitation to All
1 yon & Co: uw Lyon & Co.
i
a