Bellefonte, Pa., February 18, 1921.
WHY SOME DYES ARE “FAST”
Vegetable and Animal Compounds Su-
perior to Any Products of the
Chemist's Laboratory.
Some dyes are “fast;” others fade
either when the goods are washed or
when they are exposed to the sunlight.
The fastness or otherwise of a color
depends upon the arrangement of the
atoms that make up its molecules. If
these be closely interwoven, neither
light. nor water can separate them;
but if they are loosely joined together
light and water make them disinte-
grate. Most of our modern dyes are
derived from coal tar and consist of
atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
and other elements. The vegetable
dyes usually contain no other elements
but carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
That is why, being so simple, such
colors as logwood and natural indigo
are the fastest of all. The few ani-
mal dyes—cochineal, for example—
are fast for the same reason.
the so-called anilin dyes are the prod-
uct of the chemist’s laboratory and
are complex and loosely bound com-
binations of the atoms of many ele-
ments. There are acid dyes and al-
kaline dyes, and before applying them
to any stuff one must know whether
the cells of this are acid or alkaline
in reaction.
likes repel.
acid dyes for alkaline materials and
alkaline dyes for acid materials.
DECISION CUT LEGAL TANGLE
Point Involved in English Lawsuit
Seems Hardly Worth the Time
and Money Expended.
On the last day of the last month
in the year 1809 a very curious legal |
battle was fought between the English
crown and a gentleman, lord of the
manor of Holderness; it was a strug-
gle for a cask of wine thrown upon
the seashore on the coast of that par-
‘ticular manor.
The lord’s bailiffs and the customs
‘officers both raced to the spot and the
But |
For opposites attract, |
Therefcre we must USE |
‘at times millions of these
a —————— EE .. ————————
COMBINE ART WITH “MOVIES”
How City of Toledo, O., Attracts
Children to Its Museum, for
Educational Purposes.
In order to attract the children of
Toledo to that city’s museum of art
the museum management offers its lit-
tle visitors “story hours,” gallery
talks, music hours, classes in pure and
applied design and the educational
motion picture. Interest in visits to
the museum was first stimulated
through the medium of an organized
bird club. Thousands of children
have also been brought to the
museum during the last four years
by means of the annual vegetable and
flower shows in which the children
have participated.
“The Toledo museum was the first
to include motion pictures in its edu-
cational plan when, in the autumn of
1915, the necessary equipment was
presented through the efforts of H. Y.
Barnes, then assistant to the di-
rector,” writes Eula Lee Anderson of
Toledo. “This proved not only a fur-
ther magnet to attract boys and girls
to the museum but a further means
of teaching art. During the first few
years films dealing with travel, crafts
and art were difficult to secure, yet by
diligent search many fine things were
made available, including the life of
Palissy, the famous potter, and a
beautiful hand-colored film showing
the making of silk.
“The policy of the museum is not
to amuse by means of the film, but
to educate the child along artistic
lines, using only such productions as
are of a distinctly cultural quality.”
PLAGUE OF OLD EGYPT BACK
Crops of Argentine Province De.
stroyed by Locusts That Swarm
in Uncounted Millions.
Shades of the plagues of ancient
Iigypt!
Santa Fe province of the Argentine
pow has complete faith in the biblical
account of the scourge of locusts, for
insects
“cover the face of the earth.” They
come suddenly and without warning,
in great clouds, and settle down on
the country. Then the ground resem-
bles a great moving carpet. Little
' damage is done at first, though the
contending parties each laid hold of |
the cask. Then the officers decided
to go back to the custom house for
further instructions, and during their
absence the bailiffs removed the cask
to the cellar of the manor house.
At the trial the arguments on both
sides were very learned and exceed-
ingly lengthy. The decision of the
court was in favor of the lord on the
grounds that no permit is required to
remove spirits unless it has paid duty;
that wine to be liable to duty must
be imported; that wine cannot be im-
ported by itself, but requires the
agency of someone else to do it; that,
therefore, wine wrecked, having come
on shore by itself or without human
volition or intention, was not import-
ed, and was not subject to duty, and
did not require a permit for its re-
moval.—Chicago Journal.
Trees Look Like Ostrich Tips.
Forestry associations in thé East
have developed the habit of touring
the national parks and national for-
ests of the West, and are bringing
back many interesting feature pictures
as well as technical data. Among the
photographs in New York Forestry is
the ostrich tree of Monterey, Cal.
As a matter of fact it would be
quite as easy and far more correct to
say trees in this case, for the cele-
Argentinians find it Inconvenient to
have locusts throughout their houecs,
but as the insects move through the
country, they dig small holes and lay
their eggs. Soon the larvae are
hatched, and at that time, before they
can flv, they are destructive. By the
time they are ready to leave, every
living thing in their path is destroyed.
Eventually they fly away to parts un-
known, and the farmers have to start
their crops over again. Squads of lo-
cust destroyers, like fire-fighting units,
are maintained by the government to
combat the pest, and ranchers are also
responsible for fighting them. Their
efforts are almost unavailing, how-
ever, because of the myriads of the
Insects.
Dodged Seven Years’ Bad Luck.
“Traffic gets held up in queer ways,”
. said a patrolman at Forty-second
! street and Fifth avenue.
brated Ostrich tree of California is
really two
which wind and weather have inter-
laced so that their foliage seems al-
most one,
These California ostrich trees are
vanguards of a gréve of picturesque,
storm-beaten cypresses not so very far
from the city of Monterey. All aside
from the freak pair, which resemble a
huge ostrich, stalking ’long shore,
they would well repay any tree-lov-
‘er's visiting.
Paderewski’'s Descent in Life.
Jo Davidson, the sculptor, who re-
cently returned to the United States
after many months in Europe, where
many great men posad for him, relates
the following passage between Cle-
menceau and Paderewski, which, Da-
vidson says, occurred in his presence:
“Clemenceau is a gruff old sort of
fellow,” Davidson relates. “He was
receiving Ignace Paderewski,
“fAre you Paderewski, the great pi-
anist? he asked.
“ ‘Yes,’ replied the artist, bowing.
“*And you have just been elected
premier of Poland?
“Again Paderewski bowed and an-
swered in the affirmative.
“Clemenceau looked at him a mo-
ment and then shook his head sadly,
saying: ‘My God, what a come
down!”
Preserving the Salmon.
Completion of an improved $40,000
salmon hatchery at Madison, Conn.
for restocking eastern streams with
the valuable food fish that disap-
peared from that region practically
a century ago, is awakening renewed
interest in the cause of that early de-
pletion, according to Popular Me-
chanics Magazine. The too common
censtruction of dams without proper
fish ladders, blocking the seasonal as-
cent of the salmon from the sea, ex-
plains t¢he impending loss of this
great natural resource, a condition
often technically difficult of correc-
tion because many of the streams are
not listed as navigable waters.
trees—coast = cypresses, |
“It was only
just the other day that we had a block-
ade that tied things up for half an
hour. I noticed a young woman pound-
ing something against the curb. Look-
ed funny to me and I couldn't fig-
ure out what it was. People passing
by started to run, looked again, and
crowded around her. I headed for
the middle of the bunch and saw she
had busted open her package and was
breaking a lot of mirrors on the side-
walk, one by one.
“What's all this about?” I asks.
“Oh, mister officer,” she says, “I
broke a mirror a while ago, and if I
' don’t break seven more right quick I'll
have seven years’ bad luck. By rights
they should be broken all at once, but
' 1 could only do one at a time. And
now, please, won't you help me get
out of the crowd ?’—From a New York
Letter to the Pittsburgh Dispatch.
improving Indian Pottery.
The Hopi Indians of the Southwest
have always been famous for their pot-
tery, in the manufacture of which
(though unacquainted with the pot-
ter's wheel) they were skilled even in
prehistoric times.
There is a considerable market for
their pots, which are quaintly and at-
tractively decorated in black and
colors. The United States bureau of
standards is trying to help them by
suggesting improved processes, and re-
cently it has shown them how to make
from cheap material a black stain
much superior to the one at present
used by the Indians. They have shown
themselves glad enough to accept the
help offered and it may be that we
shall yet learn of useful suggestions
to the Navajos in the line of blanket
making and the production of silver
ornaments. ;
Fire-Proofing Cotton.
A process has been devised for
treating baled cotton with a chemical
compound which renders it flame and
spark proof and at the same time ap-
parently provides an inch or two of
sotton In condition to aid in rapid
drying without deterioration in case
# bale is exposed to weather. On an
average, 20,000 bales of cotton are de-
| effect when dry, causcs rapld deterior-
stroyed by fire before the-crop is mar- |
keted and most of this loss can be
traced to flash or spark fire, Cotton
stored in suitable warehouses would
be evidence of a progressive step, for
there is probably no crop of so great
value that is treated with so little
thought?.l consideration.—Scientific
Americar
ALMOST LOST BIG DISCOVERY
Predatory Bird Carried Off Pod Con-
taining Precious Seed That Pro-
duced Burbank Potatoes.
|
en |
Luther Burbank recently told Colo- !
rado potato men a story of his discov-
ery of the world-famous Burbank po-
tato, which has only recently come to
light. While Burbank was experi-
menting with potatoes about twenty
years ago he noticed in his patch one
plant which held one particularly :
promising pod of seeds. To his prac- |
ticed eye these seeds and the plant |
which bore them would contain the
germ of a new and. excellent potato.
If he had thought it necessary he
would have put a watchman over this
one small seed ball. As it developed
later, the money that would have been
required for a watchman would have
been but a minute drop of silver in
the ocean of gold which this one pod
was destined to produce.
Every morning Burbank would go
to the patch to see how the pod was
faring, and often during each day he
would look at the plant to discover
the time when the pod could be
picked.
One morning he went into the patch
and the pod was gone. With the help
of workmen he searched for it. Final-
ly, after hunting fer hours, 20 feet
away from the plant, in the midst of
other plants, the pod was found.
“I think a bird must have picked
it off and tried to carry it away,” Mr. '
Burbank to!« ithe Colorado potato men.
“Anyhow, thcie it lay, and I picked it
up and planted the seeds, and that’s
how we have Burbank potatoes to-
day.”
HAD NO ANSWER TO THAT
Georgia Man’s Assertion Concerning
Watermelons Left Upholder of In-
diana Product Gasping.
Harry Grimsley, a Terre Haute Ro-
tary club man, comes from Georgia !
and is still in love with his native
state. He boasts of its wonders, and
the last time he discoursed on it, was
telling of the wonderful bargains he
got in watermelons. “Why, we got
the very biggest ones for only five
cents,” he said.
“But they aren’t so big as the ones |
we have up here,” persisted one of his
listeners. “Why, out on my farm we :
had some half as big around as half
the top of this table, We didn’t eat any |
of it except the core, and yet the
whole family had enough of it and |
more.”
“Down there,” drawled Mr. Grims-
ley in his most southern drawl, “we
never eat nearer than two feet of the
rind of the melon and yet there's
always more than enough for a fam-
fly in one melon.”—Indianapolis News.
Sacred Mohammedan Rock.
A report on the Dome of the Rock
of Jerusalem is shortly to be pub-
lished and will be of great interest to
the Mohammedan world. It may not
. be generally known that this place is
the third in sanctity of all the sanctu-
aries of Islan, and indeed for a short
period it actually formed the Kibla
toward which all Moslems prostrated
themselves in prayer.
Among the more important religious |
associations of this rock we may men-
tion it was here that David and Solo-
mon were called to repentance, and
on account of a vision David chose
this site for his temple. From this
same spot Mohammed ascended to the
seventh heaven after his night journey
from Mecca, and lastly it is to be the
scene of the Great Judgment. The
historical associations are not less
striking and such famous names as
Omar Abdel-Malek, Saladin and Sulei-
man are all connected with the rock.
Self-Luminous Animals.
Not less than 36 different. orders of
animals are self-luminous, we are told
by the new work of E. Newton Har-
vey on “The Nature of Animal Light.”
These include many forms of pro-
tozoa, hydroids, jellyfish, bryozoa, |
polychaete and oligochaete worms,
brittle stars, crustacea, myriopods, in-
sects, mollusks, primitive chordates
and fishes. None of the luminous spe-
cies inhabit fresh water, all being
terrestrial or marine. The luminosity
is sometimes shown by both larvae
and adults, and in a few instances by
eggs. In experiments made, two sub-
stances have been isolated—luciferase,
an enzyme, and luciferin, a proteid—
and the light appears to result from
bringing these together in the pres-
ence of oxygen and water.
Recovered Coin After Fifty Years.
Fifty years ago when the founda-
tions were being laid for the 1Vash-
ington statue in front of Independence
hall, in Philadelphia, John Nash, then
a policeman, threw a 2-cent piece into
the hole being dug for the founda-
tions. Recently when some changes
were being made to the statue, Nash
recalled the incident and stirred up
the dirt and uncovered the coin. It
will be hung in Independence hall.
Incidentally, Mr. Nash recalled that
£ cents had a buying capacity at that
time treble that of today.
Smoke Injures Galvanized (con.
Galvanized iron has been found by
a German chemist to be unsuitable
for roofing much exposed. to smoke,-
Sulphur dioxide, though having little
ation in presence of moisture, and a. |.
mixture of sulphur and carbon diox-
ide is very corrosive, though moist
carbon dioxide alone has slight ac-
tion. The microscope shows in the
corrode . ° 2lvanized iron minute cavi-
ties «o- sulphate contain. x ‘erric
oxide, due to galvanic acon or
actual solution of the zinc coating.
i “geodes.”
PURSUED BY GHOSTLY SHIP
Tradition of Modern Flying Dutchman
That Massachusetts Fishermen
Firmly Believe In.
The burial of John Winters, recalled
to old-time fishermen a tradition of a
modern Flying Dutchman with its
ghostly crew that was believed to
roam the seas in pursuit of a ship that
bad sent them to the bottom, relates
a correspondent from Gloucester. Win-
ters was the last survivor of the
crew of the Gloucester schooner,
Charles Haskell, which in a storm in
March, 1869, ran down and sank a
Salem schooner and its entire crew on
Georges fishing banks. He died at
the Fishermen’s Snug Harbor in his
eighty-second year, repeating almost
to the last the tale of the ghost ship
supposed to have pursued the Has-
kell throughout its career as a fish-
erman.
Once off Eastern point, at the en-
irance of Gloucester harbor, Winters
said, a schooner ran down the wind,
hove alongside the Haskell, and its
phantom crew climbed the rigging, de-
claring themselves the ghosts of the
Salem fishermen.
Winters and others of the Haskell’'s
crew refused to fish in the ship again
and a new crew was taken on. These
returned with a similar story of ghost-
ly visitations at sea, tock their dun-
nage bags and quit. Another and still
a fourth crew were shipped, but each
came to port with a renewal of the
story of a ship shrouded in white and
a specter crew, and the Haskell was
hauled up, unable to get men. It fin-
ished its seagoing as a sand freighter,
and the Salem ship was not heard of
again,
URUGUAY RICH IN AMETHYSTS
Gems Found in “Goedes,” Which Is
Nature's Way of Storing Precious
Stones for Posterity.
The northwestern part of Uruguay
is a newly discovered field for the pro-
duction of amethysts, which occur in
The geodes, so plentiful
that they are picked up in the fields,
are carried on mule-back or in carts
to the nearest railway station and
shipped in barrels to Salto, whence
they are transported by river boat to
Montevideo. :
Naturally, it will be asked, What Is
a geode? Originally, it was a hole in
rock. Water percolating through the
rock deposited silica, making a lining
for the cavity. The lining grew thick-
er and thicker, and after a long time,
if the rock were breken nr "weath-
ered” to pieces, a hard nodule would
drop out. The nodule is a geode;
and if, as sometimes happens, the
silica has formed crystals inside of
it,- colored by metallic salts, the goede
is a little jewel box containing ame-
thysts.
A beautiful statuette, eight inches
high, of a woman dancing, has re-
cently been placed in the Morgan Gem
hall of the American Museum of Nat-
ural History, in New York city. It
is carved out of a perfect block of
translucent sapphire (blue quartz)
from Uruguay.
Climate and Agriculture.
The surprising idea that an arid
climate is the most favorable for ag-
riculture is explained by a report on
the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project
in the state of Washington. In such a
climate plant growth is stimulated by
almost continuous sunshine, there is
no night chilling of the soil following
cloudy days, and crops are harvested
promptly without spoilage by rain, the
products being greatly improved and
the harvesting cost lessened. The
chief advantage of all, however, is
control of the water, which by arti-
ficial irrigation can be supplied at the
best time and in the quantities needed
by the crops. The scant rainfall of
the Columbia basin area has been a
preparation for the new method, for
the moisture has not been sufficient to
leach away the stored plantfood, but
there has been drainage enough to
prevent the accumulation of alkali
salts, the most soluble of the earth's
constituents.
A Mastered Fear.
Government officers in India com-
pile queer statistics. For example,
they have recently reported that In
1919 the persons who came to their
death by snake bite numbered 20,273,
and that, in the same 12 months,
58,416 snakes were killed. Further,
there is the record of 1,162 deaths by
tigers, 469 by leopards, 294 by wolves,
201 by wild boars, 185 by crocodiles,
118 by bears, 60 by elephants and 33
by hyenas. Whatever may be the fear
of wild animals among human beings
ic does not seem ever to have deterred
settlement in new lands or persuad-
ed people against living, as they have
in India for centuries, as the neigh-
hers of poisonous: serpents and ravish-
ing animals.—Tocledo Blade.
Good Reason.
Grandmother had been talking to
four-year-old Mary Ellen about be-
coming angry so easily. After the lit-
tle girl had listened a few minutes
ghe thought it time to tell of some of
her good qualities, so she said: “Yes-
terday my dolly got stepped on-and
broken and I didn’t cry a bit or scold
anybody.”
“vphat (wads fine,” approved grand-
other very much pleased.
A little later she happened to re-
“member the incident and turned to
Mary BI 1: “Who stepped on your
dolly vesierday?” she asked,
And back came the enlightening an-
gwer: “Why. 1 did, grandma.”—Ex-
change,
$298 $2.98 $2.98
On sale NOW at, Yeager’s Shoe Store
200 Pairs Children’s Shoes
—sizes from 6 to 2. These shoes have
been sold in the last year at prices as
highfas $5.00. The lot includes Misses’
good quality Vici Kid and Youths’ High
Top Genuine Elk Shoes, with buckle tops.
They are Real Bargains
and you will miss 1t if you do not get in
on this sale
Yeager’s Shoe Store
THE SHOE STORE FOR THE POOR MAN
Bush Arcade Building BELLEFONTE, PA.
58-27
Come to the “Watchman” office for High Class Job work.
smo — somes
Lyon & Co. Lyon & Co.
THE STORE WHERE QUALITY REIGNS SUPREME.
SPRING STYLES
We have just opened the largest line of
Spring and Summer Dress Goods in Cotton,
Wool and Silk.
Cotton Dress Goods as low as 25c¢. a yard
In Voiles we are showing a wonderful line of
dark and light grounds—all the new Georg-
ette designs.
In Silks we are showing all the new weaves
at prices that will be pleasing to all.
Handsome Spring Coats and Suits
A wonderful line of Spring Coats and Suits
now on display for Easter at very reasonable
prices. Come in early and select your gar-
ment while the choice is good.
Sweeping Clearance Sale
All Winter Coats and Suits at less than cost
in order that they are not carried over. All
must be sold now at less than manufac-
turer’s cost of today’s low prices.
Lyon & Co. « Lyon & Co.
THE STORE WHERE QUALITY REIGNS SUPREME
Pro
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