Bellefonte, Pa., January 7, 1921.
LESSONS IN CITIZENSHIP.
LESSON X.
Our Public Schools.
How is the Public School system of
the State now governed?
Answer: One universal code now
governs the entire Public School sys-
tem of Pennsylvania; it is based upon
an Act of Assembly of the Legisla-
ture of 1911.
How does
schools 7.
Answer: Under this code the State
is divided into four districts:
First Class School districts where
the population exceeds 500,000.
Second Class School districts where
the population is between 30,000 and
500,000.
Third Class School districts where
the population is between 5,000 and
30,000.
Fourth Class School districts where
the population is under 5,000.
Who is at the head of the Public
Schools of Pennsylvania ?
Answer: The State Superintend-
ent of Public Instruction appointed by
the Governor is at the head of the
Public Schools of Pennsylvania.
Who is the present incumbent of the
office?
Answer: Dr. Thomas E. Finegan is
the present Superintendent of Public
Instruction in this State.
What are his duties?
Answer: He directs the general
policy of the schools, supervises the
State Normal Schools and issues the
certificates to teachers from these
schools.
He also directs the distribution of
the State appropriations, which sup-
plement the local taxation in main-
taining the Public Schools.
Who are at the head of the schools
in the various districts?
Answer: In all of the districts, ex-
cept Philadelphia, there are directors
elected by the voters of the district.
What power have these boards of
School Directors?
Answer: Each of these boards of
School Directors is a corporate body
with power to execute contracts, hold
property and conduct all the business
of the schools in their district. They
select teachers and arrange for their
compensation; erect new school build-
ings and maintain those already erect-
this code divide the
They also elect the County Superin-
tendents, subject to the approval of
the State Superintendent of Public
Instruction.
How are the schools in Philadelphia
governed ?
Answer: The head of the schools
in Philadelphia is a Board of Educa-
tion appointed by the Board of Judges
of the Court of Common Pleas for a
term of six years, and may be re-ap-
pointed indefinitely.
Is there no County Superintendent
in Philadelphia?
Answer: The Board of Education
in Philadelphia selects a Superintend-
ent of Schools and four Associate Su-
perintendents.
What are the duties and powers of
the Superintendent in Philadelphia?
Answer: The Superintendent of
Schools in Philadelphia meets with
the Board of Education and may sug-
gest, but cannot vote, on any action
in reference to the schools.
Is Philadelphia a large school dis-
trict?
Answer: Philadelphia is the larg-
est school district in the State, com-
prising one hundred and ninety-six
elementary, eleven High Schools and
one Normal School, also art and trade
schools, and a number of continuation
schools, and has over four thousand
teachers and 200,000 pupils.
How many districts does the Phila-
delphia schoo! district comprise?
Answer: There are nine districts
in Philadelphia, each with a District
Superintendent.
How much money was spent on the
Public Schools in Philadelphia during
the year 1919?
Answer: The budget for 1919 was
eleven millions eight hundred thou-
sand dollars, while the budget for
1920 is fourteen millions.
Does this mean that the schools in
Philadelphia are in a flourishing con-
dition ?
Answer: It does not; many of the
school buildings are old and in bad re-
pair, and are entirely inadequate,
while many thousands of the children
are on half time and all the class
rooms are over-crowded.
Are the teachers throughout the
State paid a fair salary?
Answer: They are not, but in this
Pennsylvania is not alone at fault.
The United States Commissioner of
Education, Philander Claxton, made a
public statement before the war, to
the effect that ditch diggers received
fetter compensation than school
temehers, while it is a well known fact
that: locomotive engineers receive for
higher wages than professors in our
High schools.
What action has just been taken by
the eity of Chicago as regards the sal-
aries to be paid to their teachers?
Answer: An announcement from
the Superintendent of Schools in Chi-
cago states that all teachers in the
Public $5gdmools of that city will be
Fomizd an avérage increase of fifty
dollars a month after February first
of this year. ;
Has Pennsylvania taken any step in
this direction ? :
Answer: Yes, in 1919, the Legis-
lature passed a law authorizing an in-
erease of one mill in taxes for school
purposes and made provisions for
large appropriations to all districts
that would raise the salaries of their
teachers.
Has this been ample to properly
compensate the teachers? :
Answer: It has not, and either
something much more substantial
must be done or our State will lose
many of its best teachers.
What other law was passed at the
last Legislature which will greatly
benefit the schools of the State?
Answer: The Woodruff bill was
passed, providing for special schools
for all mentally deficient children.
What other recent improvements
have been made in the schools?
Answer: Medical inspection is pro-
vided in all the Public Schools of the
State, and also physical training.
In country places many small schools
have been closed and transportation
has been provided to take the children
to graded and High Schools.
What special branches of instruc-
tion have recently been introduced in
the various districts of the State?
Answer: Vocational, Industrial,
Commercial and Agricultural classes
have been introduced throughout the
State.
Can the schools be improved in this
State ?
Answer: The schools in Pennsylva-
nia can be greatly improved, if the
people of the State could be aroused
to the importance of Public Schools.
Are the Public Schools vital to the
welfare of our State?
Answer: They are; there is neo
safety in a democracy unless the peo-
ple are intelligent. Our Public
Schools are the great melting pot for
our foreign born children. In these
schools children of all classes meet,
and through their mingling and the in-
struction of American teachers, will
become good American citizens.
The results of civilization are
brought to the child and the child is
developed so that he can make his
contribution to the good of the coun-
try and civilization.
What has given impetus to moral
training in the Public Schools?
Answer: The great war has given
an impetus to moral training in the
schools as a necessity to the proper
formation of character.
Is moral training necessary in the
Public Schools?
Answer: Yes, the principies of psy-
chology prove that if a man is to be
morally upright the youth must be
trained in morality as carefully and
as systematically as he is trained in
mathematics or the classics.
What is requisite in order to have
moral principles taught in such a man-
ner in our schools?
Answer: If moral characters with
all those habits of self-government
and restraint are necessary for the
general well-being of society are to be
formed in the lives of our boys and
girls, then there must be teachers who
manifest in their lives the lessons they
would inculcate.
Why can the Public School, if it
have proper teachers, produce a race
of pupils with correct ideas of life and
conduct, better than any select school ?
~ Answer: The select school has one
code of morality for those of its own
class, and a different code for those of
another class, and we know there can
be no true code of ethics until human-
ity triumphs over class.
Who is the highest exponent of this
principle of equality and morality ?
Answer: Jesus Christ taught the
purest code of morals that has ever
been given to the world, and it seems
reasonable that lessons in morality
should grow out of the scripture read-
ing, and these readings can undoubt-
edly furnish excellent opportunities
for inculcating purity, courtesy, tem-
perance and kindness to animals, as
well as a spirit of fair play to our fel-
lows, and surely none, no matter what
their religious beliefs, could object to
such teaching.
How many children are there in the
United States of school age?
Answer: There are estimated to be
over twenty millions of children of
school age in America.
What do we mean by school age?
Answer: In Pennsylvania we have
compulsory attendance at school be-
tween the ages of six and fourteen,
and compulsory attendance at a con-
tinuation school for six hours weekly
between the ages of fourteen and six-
teen.
Are continuation schools valuable ?
Answer: They are, for many rea-
scns. While the “leaving age” re-
mains at fourteen, many thousands of
our pupils in the elementary schools
are launched upon the world at this
tender age and soon have the moral
and intellectual impressions gained in
the school room erased from their
minds, hence the advantage of contin-
uing both mental and moral instruc-
tion for at least two years longer.
What should be our attitude toward
our schools? .
Answer: We should not only be in-
terested in them, but should be enthu-
siastic about them, and we should be
willing to work for their advancement,
ever remembering that our schools
should furnish the very best opportu-
nities to the young lives which throng
them, and we must see to it, that the
reading of the Bible is never discon-
tinued in the schools of our State.
——If you want all the news you
can get it in the “Watchman.”
PORT MATILDA.
Mrs. Alverda Blazosky visited
friends at Bald Eagle over Sunday.
Clark Goss and lady friend, Miss
Margaret Lyons, and Jack Hoffman
were guests at the Goss home over
the Christmas holiday.
Mrs. Almeda Homan died on Tues-
day morning of last week, following
an illness of some weeks, leaving to
mourn her death a husband and six
children. Burial was made in the
Black Oak cemetery at 1:30 o’clock on
Thursday afternoon.
Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Adams and
family celebrated Christmas day by
butchering two fine porkers. Includ-
ed in the butchering party were their
two daughters, Misses Laura and Vir-
ginia Adams, home on their vacation;
Mr. and Mrs. William G. Spicer, Clif-
ton Goss and Clarence Walk, all of
Tyrone; John Blazosky and sister
Mary, John Vail, Percy Rhoades and
Thomas Crego, of Philipsburg; Law-
rence Moore, Lem Reese, wife and
family, Clair Cowher, Fred Laird,
Edith and Esther Cowher, John Ad-
ams, Thomas Richards, Percy Wertz |;
and sons. Naturally the dinner serv-
ed was a regular Christmas feast.
Mr. and Mrs. Adams’ daughters are
both school teachers in Blair county,
and rank high in their profession. On-
ly a portion of their vacation was
spent at home, Miss Laura being en-
ticed to spend some time with friends
at Martha Furnace and Miss Virginia
going to Portage to be with friends
over New Years.
—— Subscribe for the “Watchman.”
Mince Meat just ready to Bake
Candy - - Pop Corn
Oranges New Nuts
Cranberries Sechler& ( Grape Fruit ANTON Tem (HTN )
Sweet Potatoes Walnuts 1 ; = Ee 4 a
New Evaporated Brazil elt &
Peaches $® Almonds
we 4 =e I Studebaker
Prunes Italian Chestnuts
Seededand Fine Groceries Figs SPECIAL SIX
ss SERIES 20
Scedlens Raisin Jr fe . Dales Satisfying Performance Economy of Operation
Malaga Grapes Buying Public Olives Power Durability True Value
Tangerines Lemons BIC SIR. ....ocociineesrriiie $2250.00
SPECIAL SIX.....ccco0eeceereess . 1785.00
LIGHT SIX......cts000000ev0ee os. 1485.00
65-1
Cluster Raisins -
Maple Syrup
Delicious Coffee
North Water St.
Cord Tires on all Models—Prices
BEEZER’'S GARAGE
f. 0. b. Factory—Subject to Change
BELLEFONTE
61-30
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PRE- INVENTORY SALE
Spencer Economy News.
Shortly before we opened this store merchants were paying top prices for their merchandise ! ! !
Then the prices Dropped ! ! !
Right there we saw our opportunity and bought heavily. And when we opened this store we told
you that we would sell you good, dependable merchandise at great savings. We have proven it to thous-
ands of satisfied customers.
Now that stock taking time is here we have decided to make a clear sweep of all odds and ends and
broken lots that we do not intend replacing in our stocks again this season, and at the same time reduce
practically Our Entire Line, and it is from these already low prices that we make the wonderful reduc-
tions announced here.
NCER
CIAL
2
SP
Men’s heavy dickey kersey pants, several shades,
$5.00 grade now $2.98.
SP
NCER
CIAL
SPECIAL
now $1.98
NCER
CIAL
SP
Men’s heavy gray flannel shirts, all sizes $3.50 grade
Men’s corduroy pants reduced, $4.50 grade, $3.29,
$5.50 grade $3.98, $7.00 grade $5.48.
Men’s flannelette shirts, $300 grade now
Men’s R. R. shirts, 2 collars, 3 shades -
$1.79
$1.59
Men’s cotton worsted trousers made with cuffs, $3.00
Men’s ribbed or fleece union suits, extra heavy or
grade $1.89. mediumweight - - . .° . €1.89
Men’s worsted trousers, many shades, well made, | Men’s extra heavy shirts o~
$4.00 grade $2.79. Men’s heavy fleece shirt
As Our Stock is Large We are Quoting Only a Fu
Boys’ corduroy knickerbockers - $1.79 t0 $2.29 | Men's Jersey Gloves. .....
Boys’ cashmere knickerbockers - $1.59 to $2.79 | Men's leather palm Gloves. .
Boys’ Suits, allsizes - . - $5.98 to $12.98 | Mens leather Mitts........ 9
Boys’ all wool mackinaws - - $7.98 to $9.98 drops Joather Slovey parr 9
Boys’ all weather cord suits, - - - $8.98 St re OVS1.35 to $1.98
Men’s Heavy Work Coats ; -
Moleskin, bianke lined ~~ —"- TH". g 5ag News Ovals sn) Blin
Blanket lined corduroy i? = - = $ 7.39 Heavy vaight, : ; ; : : : : : : : . $1.79 Heavy .
Molegkincollavieaat ™ = . - ' - i - |' S$S104S 0 BosiGrade .. oon. $220. placksna
Sheep skin lined coat - - 3 - $11.98 Lee Unionalls. ............ $3.79 Black sateen .
Boys’ Blouses, all colors, all sizes, well made 95¢ Men's and Boys’ sweaters greatly reducec
Boys’ shirts, light colors or plain blue - 95¢ $1.39 $1.89 $2.79 $3.48 $4.48
Boys, union suits underwear, fleece lined or ribbed | Ladies’ two piece underwear, heavy weight 95¢
95¢ $1.29 $1.38 Ladies’ union suits $1.59 $1.79 $1.89
Girls’ union suits, all sizes, medium or heavy weight | Boys’ Hockey caps, all shades - - 59¢
95¢ $1.29 $1.38 Men’s and Boys’ winter caps - - 98¢ to $1.39
Hundreds of Other Articles on Sale.
Everything Has Been Reduced.
Our Progressive Policy De-
mands that We Clear Our
Stock At Once.
Prices Have been Cut to
Bedrock.
oJencer Economy Siore
High Street...Bush Arcade Building
Bellefonte, Penna.
Delay Your Purchase No
Longer. Buy Here; Buy To-
MOrrow.
Our Loss is Your Gain.
Money Back if Not Satisfied.
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