Benoa atc
Bellefonte, Pa., November 5, 1920.
ee
ALL RIGHT IN THE END.
I want to believe in the happy old way
That all will come right in the end some
day, :
That life will be better and days will be
sweet, ;
That roses will carpet the world for men’s
feet,
That love and affection and honor and
trust
Will lift us from sorrow and shadow and
dust. ~
1 want to go toiling with this in my heart,
That every day brings us the joy of a
start,
Fresh with endeavor and duty and truth,
As we swing to our tasks with the vigor
of youth,
Singing the music of love and of cheer,
Til clouds drift apart and the storms dis-
appear.
I want to go trusting that this will be so
As out to the toil and the tumult we go;
That hearts will be kinder and life will
grow bright
With the blessing of labor that leads to
the light;
That troubles like bubbles, will burst and
away,
And all will come right in the end some
day.
—Baltimore Sun.
A TERRIBLE QUEST.
Where the dim path crossed an open
sandy ridge, in the pinelands, and
where the late afternoon sun of the
long, blazing September day lighted
with dying fire the prone logs and the
sparse bushes, Pitt Raliegh suddenly
drew rein. His tired horse instantly
became alert; lifting his head and
pointing his ears he gave a wary
snort. The horse’s mane was slightly
lifted; his eyes were wide. Both Pitt
and his roan, Buck, had detected a pe-
culiar odor; strange, penetrating,
wafted with a peculiar distinctness
that marked it as very different from
the other smells of the pineland—the
dry fragrance of a patch of woods
that had lately been burnt over. This
new smell was hauntingly sinister and
forbidding. Pitt Raleigh knew the
source of it.
“He’s here or hereabout,” said the
rider; “and from his bouquet he’s no
youngster. That's sure.”
It was an easy matter to account
for the presence of the pineland stock
raiser at such a place at such a time.
He had taken a short cut through the
palmetto swamp known as Turkey
Roost. It was as much for the sake
of Buck as for himself; for all day
long the lithe, racking roan had car-
ried him through the Santee pinelands
in his search for a lost Jersey cow.
He had found the Jersey—or what
had been she. He was trying to get
his mind off the scene, but it remain-
ed vivid. Far down on the melancho-
ly borders of a pine-wood lagoon, she
had bogged; and there, after long
struggling, she had died. Her owner
had found her half floating on the
loomy waters of that sinister place.
£ was with a heavy heart that he had
turned Buck homeward. ;
After Raliegh had drawn in Buck
on the sandy ridge he let his eyes
search the spaces of the surrounding
foreground that were close enough
and clean enough to permit of careful
scrutiny. He urged his mount a step
forward; and it was a very dubious
step that the roan took. Raliegh lean-
ed over the animal’s neck in order that
his gaze might detect anything that
might look like a trail across the san-
dy path. His good eyes did the work
required of them.
“There's where he crossed!” he ex-
claimed to himself and to Buck. “It's
just as I thought. He’s here. A dia-
mond-back of Turkey Roost is here;
and if he’s as big as the trail he
makes, he’s a nine-footer.”
Even as he was thinking thus aloud,
from a shelter of dusty grey and yel-
low grass almost within striking dis-
tance of the horse and the rider there
reared a great diamond-backed rattle-
snake. Slothfully heaped in its ashen
coils, with its dry spire of whirring
rattles high in its fearsome, grim,
spade-like head drawn back for the fa-
tal blow, the terror of the pineland
awaited an attack. :
Pitt Raleigh had but for an instant
this view of the veritable apparition
of sudden and violent death; for Buck,
sensible horse, had reared and pitched
and forced a respectable distance be-
tween himself and what he knew to be
a frightful menace. It was all his ri-
der could do to hold him on the
ground.
When about fifty yards from the
diamond-back, Raleigh dismounted,
tying his horse to a stout scrub oak.
While the animal still stamped and
snorted, Raliegh had his head under
the saddle shield. There was a pock-
et there in which he always carried
rawhide strings. After he had secur-
ed two of these he slipped, from its
loose tying behind the saddle, a rolled
burlap sack. He never knew what he
might want to bring home out of the
woods; and one of these bags he al-
ways had with him. As he now fast-
end the two rawhide strings together,
and made, by a tiny bowline, a noose
in the end of one, he told Buck of his
lan.
“The loss of that Jersey cow, Buck,
was what is known to philosophers as
the toad’s head of defeat. You under-
stand. But this same snake is the
jewel that I am going to find in it. I
am not going to kill our friend over
yonder. I know he’s not an asset to
our community life, but he’s worth
more to me alive than dead. The fact
is, Buck, he’s worth nothing to me;
but to Vincent Chicco, of Chicco’s
Fountain Park, he is worth fifty dol-
lars. Buck, you don’t know my friend
Vincent. He’s enterprising. At his
amusement park near Charleston he
has some side shows to attract visit-
ors—a kind of a menagerie of native
horrors. He has alligators in an arti-
ficial lake, several of our black bears
of the pinelands, and a few small
timber rattlers. Now, Vincent is am-
bitious. The last time I saw him he
told me that he was in the market for
a real diamond-back. He said he was
tired of having visitors turn away
from the serpent cage saying,
‘Shucks I’ve seen bigger ones than
those.’ He said, in short, that he
would pay me fifty dollars for a live
| diamond-back eight feet or more in
| length. Well, Buck, old hoss, yonder
| is our snake.” > )
The tethered horse, with head high
‘and ears pricked, was winding the
' dreadful odor of the rattlesnake. The
! animal’s apprehension increased as his |
' master left him and began a direct
but wary approach toward the coiled
| serpent. As the diamond-back marked
| the returning of the man, the shrewd
| intensity and the arid whirring of his
| rattles increased. Pitt Raliegh came
‘to the path and stood there looking at
| the strange and sinister creature be- .
i fore him. :
{| “You're the very one, mister, that
Vineent Chicco had in mind,” he said;
i “and you're certainly the largest I've
ing in these woods.”
Raleigh had cut a supple young pole
about fifteen feet long. It had a stout
fork at the smaller end. Over the
erotched end of this he now draped his
noose lightly, retaining the other end
of the tough rawhide thong. His plan
was to drop the wide noose over the
rattler’s head, and draw it sufficiently
tight to enable him to pin down the
snake’s head with the fork of the
stick. Having done that he believed
he could safely get him into the bur-
lap sack. The only part of the job
that Raleigh honestly dreaded was tak-
ing hold of the scaly monster by the
back of the neck with his bare hand
and chucking him into the sack.
“But that’s the way the business
has to be done,” he said; “I want the
thing finished cleanly and neatly.”
The man began his advance on the
diamond-back, that had not for a mo-
ment relaxed his coil or permitted the
morbid brightness of his fell eye to be
dimmed. In lowering the noose the
rawhide brushed a bush beside the
snake. Raliegh saw a blur shoot for-
ward. It was the snake’s head.
“If I make him strike the pole,” the
man reasoned aloud, “he’ll not be so
crazy to strike me. Good-bye, old
pole.”
Not much was needed to irritate the
huge reptile to the pitch of striking.
The menacing pole, the dangling
noose, the proximity of the man were
sufficient to rouse all the big serpent’s
wrath. But when the stroke did fall,
so swift was it that the man did not
see it. He merely saw slow drops of
venom dripping from the forks of the
pole.
A moment later Raleigh had drop-
ped the noose accurately over the
monster’s head and had jerked the
slipknot fast. He then drew the
struggling creature out of his coil.
The tawny, powerful body writhed and
fought and performed wonderful mus-
cular evolutions, but the rawhide had
the proper grip on the snake’s neck.
When the man had drawn the rattler
to an open place of clean sand, he set
the forked stick nicely over the cap-
tive’s neck. So bulging wide were the
cruel jaws that the snake could not
withdraw his head through the crotch.
Quickly, then releasing the thong and
opening with his free hand the burlap
bag, Raliegh, keeping the fork firmly
pressed down, approached from be-
hind, gripped the rattler’s neck, drop-
bed the pole, and lifted the huge rep-
tile. The man sensed something
dreadful about the weight of the
snake; that bulk registered the
impact of the blow that such
a diamond-back could deliver. To get
the tail into the sack first, the man |"
had to hold the creature high above
, his head. When the cold, scaly length
had been made to descend into the
bag, with a deft jerk downward Ral-
eigh sent the head of the rattler after
his body, swiftly closing at the same
time the mouth of the sack, and tying
securely about it an end of the raw-
hide string. This done he stepped
back and watched the sack make un-
canny contortions on the sand.
Pitt Raleigh took off his hat and
| wiped his forehead. “Vincent,” he
about when you said that you would
offer fifty dollars for such a play-
thing. Lassoint diamond-backs by
bne’s lonesome is no gentle pastime.”
Gingerly picking up the weighty
sack by its tufted tied end, the man
walked through the woods toward his
horse. During his capture of the rat-
tler the sun had gone down. A strange
mist was among the pines. The ap-
proach of the man startled his horse.
The burlap bag that Raleigh carried,
and that was giving off what was to
Buck the most terrifying smell in the
world, added to the animal’s appre-
hension. Before the man had come
half the distance between him and his
horse he saw that Buck meant to
break away.
“Look here,” he said to himself, “I
have to use some sense right about
now. If buck breaks loose, he'll go
home. That means that I'm left five
miles from the house in company with
this thing here in the sack. And
night-time too. No,” he went on, ‘the
best thing for me to do is to leave
Vincent’s doll baby right here for the
night. I'll come back for him early in
the morning. I can find the place, and
I don’t believe he can get out of the
bag. It’s not sensible for me to ask
Buck to carry a diamond-back home
tonight. He’s not such a fool as I am;
taking chances in the dark with a Hun
like this. I'll say good night now,”
he ended, addressing the occupant of
the bag; “see you in the morning.”
Little did he dream how terrible a
quest his light words suggested.
By sunrise the following morning
Pitt Raleigh was again near the spot
where he had left his captive rattler.
He had come in a buggy this time, and
had driven a very old horse. The ve-
hicle he had left half a mile away in
an old turpentine road. It would be
an easy matter, he thought, to carry
the sack to the buggy, and then to
drive home. But Raleigh was to learn
a lesson that to his last hour on earth
he would not forget.
As he came near the place where he
had left the bag, he saw that the inev-
itable motions of the confined dia-
mond-back had not succeeded in mov-
ing it far. It now lay against a rot-
ting pine log that had tufts of yellow
grass growing beside it. The man
was almost upon the sack before he
saw that the tail of the rattlesnake
was projecting from beneath the bag.
“That’s a funny business,” Ralieg
mused; “I suppose he was bound to
get his bells out so that he could ring
them freely. I'll just see where that
hole is.” 3
With that he stooped down and lift-
said slowly, “you knew what you were.
ever seen in my twenty years of rid- |
| “you know they travel in pairs.”
' ed the end of the sack, his hand brush- !
ing at the same time the tail of the ;
reptile. With a swiftness of wild na- |
ture to terrible forestall, from the |
farther side of the rotted log a sav- |
age, tawny body Shoplsic sight. Pitt:
Raleigh threw himself backward. His |
fall was violent; but only the speed of !
that effort saved him. The terrible |
Stoke of the monster barely missed
im. i
“I might have known,” he said, as
panting hard and leaning against a
pine he watched the monstrous dia-
mond-back by the log. “These
snakes always travel in pairs. That
thing there that nearly got me is the
mate of the one in the sack. The sec-
ond is the female, and the larger of
the two . Well,” he added,
breathing more freely, “since they go
in pairs, I'll catch a pair.”
And so, after careful maneuvering,
he did.
Two days later, after having made
the trip to town with his specially
constructed crate, he delivered the
same to Vincent Chicco at Fountain
Park.
“Vincent,” said Raliegh, “here are
your diamond-backs. I want a hun-
dred dollars for them. Both are be-
tween eight and nine feet—perfect
specimens.”
“Ah,” said the Italian rubbing his
hands in a pleased way, “you got two,
did you?”
“Yes,” replied Raleigh with a quiet
grimness that was lost on his hearer;
PENNSYLVANIA’S FORESTS.
Short Talks on the Forests and the
Lumber Situation.
By Gifford Pinchot, Chief Forester
Pennsylvania.
of
No. 10—Forest and Floods.
Where there are forests there are
seldom floods. Well-wooded lands are
natural reservoirs that store the rain-
fall for gradual distribution through-
out the year. Conditions which have
caused tremendous losses of life and
property, time after time in Pennsyl-
vania, will be largely overcome when
the hills of the State are again thick-
ly wooded, when the fires have been
stopped, and the waste areas that now
exist have been returned to their orig-
inal estate of growing trees.
When the forest lands have been
devastated there remains little or
nothing to hold the rainfalls. Tor-
rents rush from the higher slopes to
the surrounding valleys, carrying with
them debris, destruction, and death.
Not only that—they carry as well the
rich soil and humus so necessary to
forest development, and in doing so
retard the return of the forest.
The forest cover is a powerful fac-
tor in reducing the surface run-off of
water produced in such lareg quanti-
ties, especially in the early spring, by
falling rains and melting snows. The
water, instead of rushing away in un-
controllable torrents, is absorbed by
the reservoirs of humus and mineral
soil, from which it is given off gradu-
ally to the springs and streams. This
retention tends to decrease the high
water run-off in the spring and other
flood periods, and to increase the low-
water run-off during dry seasons.
Both results are good, and can be re-
alized by maintaining a complete cov-
er of trees on all forest lands.
This means that the fires must be
conquered, devastation in lumbering
stopped, and new forest growth pro-
tected and encouraged.
There are few towns in Pennsylva-
nia that do not know what flood dam-
age means. I would bring home to
every one the important fact that the
reforestation of Pennsylvania's water-
sheds will be of the greatest help in
bringing to an end those terrible
flood conditions which are so keenly
felt by our people all over the State.
On the other hand there are many
towns throughout the Commonwealth
which feel, during parts of the year,
the terrible pinch of low water. It is
not uncommon to see such signs as
“Save the Water,” “Boil Your Drink-
ing Water” posted in conspicuous
places in Pennsylvania towns during
the summer months.
A serious fire in a low water period
may mean millions of dollars of loss
to a municipality. Entire neighbor-
hoods have been stricken with epidem-
ics because the water grew scarce and
carried the disease-producing bacteria,
which prosper in low and stagnant
water, into the domestic supply of the
community.
The forest problem and the water
problem in Pennsylvania go hand in
hand. With the reforestation of mil-
lions of acres fit only for growing
trees, will come that other benefit so
greatly to be desired—the holding
back of floods from our streams, and
the consequent equal distribution of
water supplies.
“Save the forests and conquer the
floods” is a slogan that could well be
adopted by those communities which
know from painful experience what
flocd conditions mean. Floods in flood
season, and water scarcity in the dry
seascns, will surely continue until an
unbroken forest cover is established
and maintained on all the forest lands
of our State.
She Was Silent.
Long ago when Lloyd George
used to drive on his legal rounds in a
high dog-cart, one day he gave a lift
to a little girl who was walking home
from school. The child, though she
was all smiles, met the future Prime
Minister’s merry questions and artful
openings of conversation with persist-
ent silence.
“Your little girl has lost her tongue
this morning, Mrs. Hughes,” he said
as he drew her up at her parent’s
door.
“Mary;” remonstrated the mother,
abashed by her daughter's bad man-
ners, “why don’t you speak and thank
Mr. Lloyd George for his kindness?”
“Indeed, indeed, I wanted to,” she
answered with the fluency of a tap
suddenly turned on, “but I remember-
ed hearing father tell you the other
day that if you open your mouth to
him it costs you six and eightpence.”
—London Morning Post.
——The only place you can find any
empty flat these days is on the wheel
of your automobile.—Nashville Ten-
nessean.
LESSONS IN CITIZENSHIP.
ELECTION OFFICERS.
How are the election boards chosen;
and of whom do they consist?
Answer: District election boards
shall consist of a judge and two in- |
spectors, and they are chosen by the :
citizens every odd numbered year and
serve for two years.
Can an office holder serve as an
election officer?
Answer: No person shall be quali-
fied to serve as an election officer who
shall hold, or who shall, within two
months, have held any office, appoint-
ment or employment in or under the
government of the United States or of
this State or of any city or county, or
of any municipal board, commission or
trust in any city, save justice of the
peace, alderman, notary public, or
persons in militia service of the State.
Is an election officer eligible to any
civil office to be filled at an election at
which he is to serve?
Answer: No election officer is eli-
gible to any civil office to be filled at
an election at which he shall serve,
save only to such subordinate munic-
ipal or local offices below the grade of
city or county offices as shall be des-
ignated by general law.
How long are the polls open?
Answer: The polls at all general
and municipal elections shall be open
from 7 a. m. to 7 p. m.
What are the duties of the judge of
election ?
Answer: At the opening of the
polls the judge of the election is re-
quired to publicly break the seals of
the official packages received from the
County Commissioners and assign the
inspectors and the clerks to their du-
ties. He should also see that the bal-
lot box is empty.
What is necessary to be done by the
person desiring to vote?
Answer: Any person desiring to
vote, after coming to the polls, gives
Iiis name and residence to one of the
election officers in charge of the bal-
lots, who shall thereupon announce
the name in a loud distinct voice. And
if such name is found upon the ballot
check list by the inspector or clerks
in charge there, he shall likewise re-
peat the same name and the voter
shall then enter the space enclosed by
guard rail, unless his right to vote is
challenged.
If the voter’s name is not upon the
list, can he vote?
Answer: Not unless he can estab-
lish his right so to do in the manner
provided by law.
If his name is upon the list, but he
should be challenged by a qualified
voter, what would happen?
Answer: In such case he would not
be permitted to enter the guard rail
until he could satisfy the election offi-
cers that he was properly qualified to
vote.
What happens after the voter has
been admitted within the rail ?
Answer: As soon as the voter has
been admitted within the rail, the
election officer having charge of the
ballots shall detach a ballot from the
stub and give it to such voter, but
shall first fold it, so that the words
printed on the back and outside shall
be the only wording visible, and no
ballot shall be voted unless folded in
this manner.
Does the election officer who gives
the ballot to the voter make any rec-
ord on the list?
Answer: As soon as the voter re-
ceives a ballot the election officer
marks the letter “B” against the vot-
er’s name on the margin of the ballot
check list, but no record of the num-
ber of the ballot shall be made upon
the said lists.
How many persons are allowed by
law within the enclosed space at one
time ?
Ar swer: Not more than four vot-
ers in excess of the number of voting
shelves or compartments shall be al-
lowed within the enclosed space at one
time, and in addition to these voters
casting their ballots there shall only
be the election officers and such super-
visors as are authorized by the laws
of the United States or overseers ap-
pointed by the Courts of this Com-
monwealth.
What must the voter do when he re-
ceives his ballot ?
_ Answer: The voter, upon receiving
his ballot, retires to one of the com-
partments or voting shelves and
draws a curtain or shuts the screen or
door and prepares his ballot.
_ How is a ballot prepared for vot-
ing?
Answer: If the person using the
ballot desires to vote for every candi-
date of a political party, he “merely
makes a cross mark in the square op-
posite the name of the party of his
choice in the straight party column on
the lefa of the ballot, and such a mark
is equivalent to a vote for every can-
didate for the party so marked.
However, if the voter may desire to
vote for some individual candidates of
another party, he may make a cross
mark in the square opposite the name
of the party of his choice in the
straight party column on the left of
the ballot, and he may also make a
cross mark in the square to the right
of the individual candidates whom he
favors.
In such case his vote shall be count-
ed for all the candidates of the party
in whose straight party column on the
left of the ballot he placed such cross
mark, except for those he has indicat-
ed as his choice by marking in the
squares to the right of individual can-
didates, and his vote shall be counted
for such individual candidates, which
he has thus particularly marked, not-
withstanding the fact that he made a
mark in the straight party column on
the left of the ballot.
In any case where more than one
candidate is to be elected to any office,
the voter shall, if he desires to divide
his vote among candidates of different
parties, make a cross-mark (X) in the
appropriate square to the right of
each candidate for whom he desires to
vote, not exceeding the number to be
elected for such office, and no vote
shall be counted for any candidate in
such group not individually marked,
notwithstanding the mark in the par-
ty square. .
What does the voter do with his bal-
lot after he has marked it as he de-
sires?
Answer: After preparing his bal-
lot the voter shall fold it without dis-
playing any markings in the same
way it was folded when he received it,
: and he shall keep his ballot folded and
! deposit it himself in the ballot box
| without delay, and then immediately
quit the enclosed space.
| Can a voter occupy a voting shelf
| or compartment occupied by another
! voter?
i Answer: No voter shall be allowed
to enter a compartment occupied by
another.
How long may a voter remain in a
compartment preparing his ballot?
Answer: No voter may remain in
use, and other voters are waiting.
may a voter re-enter?
Answer: No voter except an elec-
tion officer, shall be allowed to re-en-
ter the enclosed space after he has
once left it, except to give such assist-
ance as is authorized by law.
If a voter has not marked his ballot
as directed by law so that for any rea-
son it is impossible to determine the
voter’s choice for some particular of-
fice, does that make his entire ballot
worthless ?
Answer: No, if for any reason the
‘voter’s choice is not clear for one or
more offices, but others are properly
marked, then his vote shall not count
for the offices which are not properly
marked, but the ballot shall be count-
ed for all other offices for which the
names of the candidates have been
properly marked.
If a voter spoils a ballot can he ob-
tain a second one?
Answer: Yes, if any voter inadver-
tently spoils a ballot he may obtain
another upon returning the spoiled
one.
Answer: Any ballots, that have
been spoiled and returned, shall be
close of the polls shall be secured in
an envelope, sealed and sent to the
proper office as in the case of the bal-
lots cast.
While the polls are open can any
number of voters be in the room out-
side of the enclosed space?
Answer: No, only ten voters at any
one time can wait their turn to pre-
pare their ballots in the room outside
of the enclosed space, and in addition
to these, the watchers, and in case of
a breach of the peace an officer may
enter to preserve the peace.
_ While voters are waiting their turn
in the outer room are they permitted
to electioneer or solicit votes for any
party or candidate?
. Answer: No, when within the vot-
Ing room no person can solicit votes
for any party or candidate, nor shail
any written or printed matter be post-
ed within the room, except the in-
as required by law.
f there are voters within the ecn-
closed space who have not voted when
the hour for closing the polls arrives,
shall they be allowed to vote ?
Answer: If there are voters in the
enclosed space who have received bal-
lots but have not deposited them,
and deposit their ballots forthwith,
pat Bs other person shall be permitted
o vote.
Foot Passengers Always Have Right-
of-Way.
Harrisburg.—There are no streets
aor highways in the State of Pennsyl-
vania on which because of the traffic
importance of the thoroughfare the
driver of an automobile has the right-
of-way.
On every street, alley, state high-
way, county road, or township thor-
oughfare, when two vehicles approach
an intersection at the same time the
vehicle approaching from the right
shall have the right-of-way.
There are no “priority” thorough-
fares in Pennsylvania. The driver of
a vehicle on Broad Street, Philadel-
phia; Fifth avenue, Pittsburgh; Mar-
ket street, Harrisburg; Main street,
Johnstown; Lackawanna avenue,
Scranton; Fourth street, Williams-
vania street—and the driver on the
Lincoln Highway, William Penn High-
way, or other main thoroughfares,
does not have the right-of-way sim-
ply because of his presence on an im-
portant traffic artery.
At all times, at every intersection
of two public highways, the vehicle
approaching from the right has the
right-of-way.
The State Highway Department is-
sued a statement calling particular
attention to Section 25 of the automo-
bile law approved ty Governor Sproul,
June 30, 1919. This section contains
the following provisions:
“Every operator of a motor vehicle
shall, at all times, keep as close as
possible to the right-hand side of the
highway, allowing other vehicles free
passage to the left, and no operator
of a motor vehicle shall allow such ve-
hicle to stand in the center of the
highway or so as to obstruct or inter-
fere with any other users thereof.
“At the intersection of the public
highways, the operator of a motor ve-
hicle shall keep to the right of the in-
tersection of the centers of such high-
ways when turning to the right, and
shall pass to the right of such inter-
section before turning to the left.
“When two vehicles approach the
intersection of two public highways
at the same time, tl
proaching from the right shall have
the right-of-way.”
Chinese Dying at Rate of 1000 a Day.
Between 30,000,000 and 40,000,000
Chinese who are dying at the rate of
are turning their eyes to the Uuited
States for aid. Hope was expressed
that President Wilson would issue an
appeal to the American people to help
the sufferers. A report of the situa-
tion has already been sent to Wash-
ington by the American embassy.
American missionaries are giving
such aid as they can, but estimate that
$200,000,000 will be needed to keep
hundreds of thousands of Chinese
from death during the coming winter.
So Say We!
“You know,” Biggs, the confirmed
alarmist declared impressively, “it’s
‘getting so that it is positively danger-
ous for a man to carry around a good-
sized roll of money.”
“Difficult, rather than dangerous, I
find,” Diggs sighed.
a compartment more than three min- .
utes if all the compartments are in
After having left the enclosed space |
immediately cancelled, and at the
struction cards and specimen ballots |
when the hour for closing the polls ar- |
rives, they shall be required to mark !
port; or any other important Pennsyl- |
the vehicle ap-
more than 1000 a day from starvation
FARM NOTES.
| —In Jerseys and Guernseys every-
one is familiar with the rich golden
marking around the udder, on the
| thighs, on the inside of the ears, and
‘near the root of the tail.
| _—An orchardist states that he con-
_siders mixed assortments of sour,
| sweet, bitter and crab apples, jumbled
. together, produces the best flavored
+ jelly. The cores, skins and culls may
be utilized.
—Thunderstorms will not affect
cream that is properly kept at a low
| temperature. It is true, however, that
§
|
; indirectly a thunderstorm sours cream
! which is not properly kept cool. The
atmosphere at the time of a thunder-
storm is warm and saturated with
moisture. There is less evaporation
from the water surrounding the cream
can and from the cream itself, and as
a result the heat accompanying the
thunderstorm is retained by the
: cream, which sours.
A ; :
! —Apple butter is made by adding a
‘half gallon of sweet cider A one oe a
- quarter bushels of cleaned, pared and
{cored apples. Boil fiercely for forty
| minutes, and then for a further half-
i hour with continued stirring. If cook-
ed more slowly less watching and stir-
| ring is necessary, but it must be borne
in mind that the product must be
| thick and dry, for the slightest scorch-
| ing ruins the flavor. After the mass
has been treated in this manner, about
two gallons (or less if the apples are
not very sour) of hot jelly must be
added and well mixed with the pulp,
and then brought to a boil. And
‘three-quarters of a pound of spice,
and then pass the whole through a col-
ander or wire sieve, and store in an
airtight, cool, earthenware jar.
—In butter making there are apt to
be faults found that should be correct-
! ed, and no doubt will be if properly
understood. One of the main factors
in making sales is to produce an arti-
{ cle of fine flavor.
i When butter has assumed to a more
; or less degree the flavor of tallow or
"lard, and there is a marked absence of
. the butter flavor, it is termed “tal-
lowy.” This is due to a chemical
| change, or the action of a certain bac-
feria on the fat, either in the cream
before the butter is made or after-
ward. '
| When butter has been “heated” in
| any way, or in the process of manu-
facture has been subjected to any ex-
tra amount of friction, either through
being over-churned, over-worked, or
rammed too much in the process of
packing, it is apt to get this tallowy
taste.
! Stale cream and that which contains
a high per cent. of fat, if kept at a
comparatively high temperature un-
der unclean conditions, produces tal-
lowy butter. Cream that has been
carried long distances and exposed to
the direct rays of the sun, or that has
been kept in rusty cans, will have the
same effect.
“Unclean” butter has a dirty taste,
and is generally caused by the milk or
cream coming in contact with and be-
ing contaminated by something un-
i clean or foul, such as dirty utensils,
! dirty separator or dirty cans. Dirty
hands of the milker and also particles
i of filth falling from the body of the
' cow while being milked and there set-
ting up an undesirable fermentation
. are common sources of contamination.
' Mixing milk from newly calved cows
or from cows suffering from any un-
due excitement or disease with that of
the remainder of the herd will cause
contamination on account of the large
percentage of albumen usually pres-
ent in such milk quickly decomposing.
The absorption by milk or cream of
a foul odor from some dirty or unsan-
itary place may be the direct cause of
this trouble. Milk, cream and butter
will absorb such aromas as paint, dis-
infectants, oil engine fumes, apples,
letc., and give a flavor that is rightly
| termed unclean.
i “Fishy” is a term used for butter
that has a flavor similar to fish oil.
This flavor is rarely detected in com-
paratively fresh butter, but a peculiar
oily taste is noticed, which is the first
indication of fishiness. This condition
is associated with butter made from
old acid cream.
Repeated experiments have proved
that butter made from pasteurized
cream does not have this objectiona-
ble flavor.
The souring of milk is regarded by
many as the first indication of impur-
ity, but both milk and cream undergo
decomposition and may be dangerous
to health long before souring occurs.
For this reason an exceptionally high
standard of cleanliness must be o
served in milk production.
The principal sources of contamina-
tion are dust from the air, dirt and
manure from the cow’s bodies, and
particles of old milk left in pails and
utensils which were not thoroughly
cleaned. All of this foreign matter is
heavily laden with bacteria, which will
pass through the finest strainer, even
though coarse particles of dirt are
strained out.
Although a large amount of the dirt
in milk is left in the separator bowl,
the great majority of the bacteria for-
merly on the dirt are washed into the
cream, where they finally develop bad
flavors and cause decomposition. The
most skillful buttermaker cannot re-
pair this injury to cream, and the low
quality of butter made from it is re-
sponsible for the low butterfat prices.
Many dairy farmers have come to
the conclusion that cow-testing is an
absolute necessity if the most is to be
got out of the dairy herd. Where there
is no other way of estimating the val-
ue of a cow the dairyman had better
go as much on dairy form as possible,
but dairy conformation cannot stand
up against the Babcock test and the
milk scales when it comes to ascer-
taining what an animal will produce.
When a herd of 30 apparently satis-
factory cows was put to a monthly
test, 12 were eventually consigned to
the butcher, and the records of most
of the others contradicted the origi-
nal ideas as to their producing quali-
ty. Neither the shape of the cow, the
amount of milk, nor the look of the
milk proved real merit. One of the
highest producers was a small cow, of
{ no special appearance, that had been
purchased at a very low price. Anoth-
er gave blue-looking milk that seemed
lacking in butterfat, but tested 4 per
cent. A third gave milk of very yel-
"low tinge and apparently rich, but it
tested only 3.1 per cent. Hard-testing
reveals such contradictions daily.
ot