Bellefonte, Pa., October 15, 1920.
FARM NOTES.
—Guineas are kept in the best
breeding condition upon free range.
They may be confined, however, if
necessary, with satisfactory results.
One extensive guinea raiser confined
as many as 45 hens and 15 males in
an acre pen throughout the breeding
and laying season. This pen is inclos-
ed with a wire fence 5 feet high and
the birds prevented from flying over
by the flight feathers of one wing be-
ing clipped. Within the pen is a grass
pasture with bushes here and there
where the hens make their nests by
scratching out a bowl-shaped hollow
in the ground. The winters being se-
vere, a roosting shed is provided, hav-
ing a cleated board reaching from the
floor to the roosts for the wing-clipped
birds to walk up.
Most guinea raisers, however, allow
their breeding stock free range of the
entire farm at all times. This helps
to keep the birds strong and vigorous.
During the winter the breeders should
be fed a grain mixture of corn, wheat,
and oats twice a day. Where no green
feed is available on the range at this
time of the year, vegetables, such as
potatoes, turnips, beéts, and cabbage,
should be substituted, poultry special-
ists of the United States Department
of Agriculture suggest.
Animal feed is essential to best re-
sults and can be supplied by feeding
meat scrap or skim milk. Given free
range, where the supply of natural
‘feed during the winter and early
spring is ample, as it usually is in the
southern portion of the United States,
the guineas may be left to pick up a
considerable part of their feed. Free
access to grit, charcoal, and oyster
shell is necessary throughout the
breeding and laying season. Avoid
having the breeders too fat, but keep
them in good, firm flesh.
—No crop is more easily and rapid-
ly improved by proper selection than
corn, and no work on the farm will
come so near producing something for
nothing as time intelligently spent in
improving the crop, says Professor F.
D. Gardner, head of the department of
agronomy in The Pennsylvania State
College school of agriculture.
Corn for seeding the next year’s
crop should be selected right in the
field before the ear is removed from
the plant so that both may be consid-
ered in the process. Good plants
should be of moderate height. Short
joints are preferable to long ones, for
each bears a leaf. The leaves are the
most palatable, digestible and nutri-
tious part of the forage. The plants
should be free from smut, rust and
other diseases.
The ears should be attached to the
stalk at a height of about four feet
and by a shank of moderate length
and thickness. The husks should be
moderate in amount and sufficiently
long to cover the tip of the ear. A
good seed ear should be eight to ten
inches long (for a medium maturing
variety). The form of the ear should
be cylindrical, or be slightly tapering
from butt to tip. The tip and . butt
should be well filled with kernels and
the rows, 16 to 20 in number, should
be straight with kernels of regular
and uniform shape.
The seed corn should be well cared
for by storing in a dry and well ven-
tilated room out of the reach of rats
and mice. After being thoroughly
dried, corn will stand a low tempera-
ture without injury, but if not well
dried a temperature slightly below
freezing will injure or destroy its ger-
mination. Be sure that corn selected
is adapted to the locality, especially
with reference to its time of maturi-
ty.
—Fruit trees planted in the fall
have a better chance for - successful
growth than those planted in the late
spring. This is not true, however, of
trees planted in early spring as soon
as the frost is out of the soil. In most
years the fall planting is successful.
The trees become established in the
soil. The roots become embedded and
supply moisture so the trees are ready
for immediate growth the following
spring, although they will not grow to
any extent during the winter.
The disadvantages of fall planting
are that the soil may freeze too deep
and prevent the poorly established
roots taking up enough moisture to
supply the top, and that the trees face
injury from rabbits and mice. The
former condition is apt to prevail if
there are long periods of low temper-
ature accompanied by high winds
that dry out the tops faster than the
roots can take up moisture. The
orchardist who plants in the fall must
take a chance on winter weather. In
parts of the State where the tempera-
ture rarely continues low enough to
cause deep freezing, fall planting can
be done to good advantage, as the
length of the planting period is much
longer in the fall than in the spring.
If the soil is not frozen when the trees
are set out they can be planted as late
as the last of November or early De-
cember. Well matured trees are es-
sential for fall planting, and they
should not be removed from the
nursery until they have become dor-
mant.
—Many farms have available large
quantities of timber, fallen and other-
wise, which the farmer can profitably
convert into fuel for the coming win-
ter if he will provide himself with the
necessary power-operated equipment.
A large amount of labor required in
preparing firewood has kept many
farmers from using wood for fuel,
but with the high prices for coal it
behooves the thrifty farmer to consid-
er the advantage of investing in a
wood-sawing machine which will
make it possible to utilize much tim-
ber on his land at a relatively small
expenditure of labor. A great many
farmers already have gasoline engines
suitable for driving such a machine.
The latter is comparatively inexpen-
sive. One outfit can do the work for
several farmers each year and the
purchase of.a complete outfit, includ-
ing an engine, to furnish power may
or for one who is in a position to doa
certain amount of work for his neigh-
bors. The United States Department
t models of th ent day.
be profitable for a group of farmers Sy hae y
‘needle books, as white flannel is pre-
FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN
DAILY THOUGHT.
It has always appeared to me that good
manners are almost as valuable an asset
in commercial as in diplomatic affairs.—
Lord Cromer.
The accessories of dress are un-
questionably of extreme importance,
though, unfortunately, this is not al-
ways understood, hence the failure of
many women to present a harmonious
and perfect effect in the matter of
their toilets.
Consciously or unconsciously we in-
wardly resent the discordant note. It
may be a fan, gloves of the wrong col-
or, incorrect shoes or slippers or an
excessive amount of jewelry. The
last very frequently mars the other-
wise perfect attire of a woman. There
are times when these defects of toilets
are offensive to a degree that causes
us to forget our good breeding and
openly comment on the spectacle.
What a pity a woman will spend
time and money on her best tailored
suit, attaining the perfection that is
one of our real achievements in dress,
and then mar the beautiful garment
by donning a $10 bargain hat! She
probably will meet ten women in
every square of the shopping district
wearing duplicates of the inharmoni-
ous piece of millinery.
Midwinter brings countless exam-
ples of half-worn, badly kept shoes
beneath the luxurious beauty of ex-
pensive fur coats, and an equal num-
ber of offenders against good taste in
dress, who, nearly smothered in the
richest and heaviest of furs, pick their
way over the muddy and slushy pave-
ments and crossings in slippers in-
tended for the house or for evening
wear.
Frequently soiled gloves complete-
ly destroy, to the discerning at least,
the appearance of an otherwise fault-
lessly dressed woman, and the wrong
veil or the lack of a veil is a common
offense against feminine loveliness
and correct attire.
You know these things as well as I
do, but we need, all of us, at this time
to refresh our knowledge on the cor-
rectness of accessories, for these little
things of dress are to play a big part
in the season’s fashions.
Especially is this true in the matter
of necklaces, chains, bracelets, girdles
and belts, intended to add the proper
color note to a costume and to accen-
tuate the origin of the style trend to
which certain garments owe their con-
ception.
There is a tendency to a return of
earrings, and these need always to be
selected with great care; and fancy
combs and other coiffure ornaments,
while lovely in themselves, must be
chosen with discriminating judgment
and worn intelligently if they are to
serve the purpose for which they have
been created—to add to the beauty
and charm of women.
Of combs the large and decorative
Spanish type is most in evidence; and
as these combs are acceptable for both
high and low hairdressing, their
vogue promises to be extensive.
Many are commenting on the possi-
ble return of the willow plume, but to
date I have seen nothing of this once-
popular treatment of ostrich feathers.
The beaded bag in all its marvelous
beauty of design, shape and coloring,
is still much in vogue, but I am told
that bags of leather, in what might be
termed strictly tailored effect, have
replaced the softer types in velvet and
silk that we have used for the last
two seasons or more.
For dancing school and dress-up
wear little girls will wear frocks of
crepe de chine daintily trimmed with
hand embroidery. Taffeta frocks are
also good.
In tailor-made suits both of the
dressy and the severely plain type,
there is a diversity in the coat lengths
so that it is impossible to determine
any one length as best from a style
point. Rather one might say it is re-
ally best that every woman should
wear the coat length that is most suit-
able for her height and type of figure.
Silk stitching in straight lines as
rows or in diamond and V shaping is
a favorite trimming on the better
type of suits, especially those of vel-
vet and duvetyn.
A turban of striking appearance is
made entirely of narrow stripes of
gray felt stitched flat in fanciful de-
sign on a foundation of black velvet.
Lace, especially in brown, is a big
millinery feature with the French de-
signers. Nose veils of black Chantil-
ly as a drop on the brim of large hats
of panne velvet is another develop-
ment.
The draped hat of velvet is an ex-
cellent style. One especially good
model of youth-giving appearance has
the velvet in a sort of puff to form
the brim and is trimmed at the side
and back by a wide flat bow of the
velvet.
If your lamps do not burn brightly
drop a small piece of camphor into the
oil and it will help greatly.
Many seemingly hopeless garments
can be made fresh and attractive
again by a bath in a good dye. .
Of course, we are all familiar with
the wonders that can be worked with
blouses and lingerie, but most of us
are apt to regard dresses, suits, coats,
and skirts, as either hopeless or their
dyeing process too expensive.
Much can be done at home by care-
fully following directions on the pack-
ages of dye, the main thing being to
first get the proper dye—for wool, for
silk, for cotton, or for cotton mixed
with wool or silk, and then follow di-
rections.
For instance, the white sports coats
of chinchilla or lambs’ wool so popu-
lar a few seasons ago dye a beautiful
tan, and generally have such good,
straight lines that with very little al-
teration—perhaps just the addition of
a smart little leather belt—brings
them right in the fashion, rivaling the
swagger camel’s hair and polo cloth
Flannel should ‘never be used in
pared with sulphur, which rusts the
IN OCTOBER.
By Susan L. Harlacher.
The Frost King came from out the north,
And breathed o'er all the land,
He shook the leaves from off the trees,
And some he made more grand.
The maple’s dress was red and gold;
The oaks were decked in brown,
While chestnut burs flew open wide,
And nuts came tumbling down.
And all the weeds and bushes took
New colors as he passed,
All outdoors seemed like fairy land,
Too beautiful to last.
PENNSYLVANIA’S FORESTS.
Short Talks on the Forests and the
Lumber Situation.
By Gifford Pinchot, Chief Forester
Pennsylvania.
of
HOW LUMBER COSTS HAVE MOUNTED.
I have before me as I write an in-
teresting card of lumber prices issued
by W. H. Hyde and company, manu-
facturers of pine and hemlock timber,
of Ridgway, Elk county, Pa. This
card is dated May 6, 1885, and was
sent me from the files of one of the
oldest wholesale lumber firms of Phil-
adelphia. The differences between
lumber costs thirty-five years ago,
when Pennsylvania was the very cen-
tre of pine and hemlock production,
pnd now, when we must go to the far
western States, or the southern
States, for our lumber of this sort,
and pay transportation charges run-
ning into big money, are decidedly in-
teresting.
Messrs. Hyde and company quote
their Philadelphia customer a price of
$7.00 a thousand feet for sizes from
two by four to two by twelve, and
from twelve to sixteen feet long. To-
day the price paid at the mill for the
same sizes and kinds of lumber is
$563.00 a thousand feet. Special sizes
running as high as fifty feet in length
could have been bought from Hyde
and company in 1885 for $10.00 a
thousand feet. In 1920 the. price is
$65.00 a thousand feet, but it is not
Pennsylvania timber.
Upon the passage of a resolution
introduced by Senator Capper, of
Kansas, Congress recently ordered a
report which dealt with comparative
lumber prices and this report has been
made public by the United States
Forest Service. In a table of average
wholesale values for the eastern mar-
kets this report shows that in 1840
first quality soft woods sold for $20.91
a thousand feet. In 1900 the price
had risen to $34.06 per thousand, and
in 1920—figures based on the first
three months of the year—the price
has reached the amazing height of
$131.55.
The wholesale price for one-inch
plain oak boards in Philadelphia in
February, 1915, was $60.00 a thousand
feet. In February, 1920, this same
kind of lumber sold at wholesale in
Dfisaciohis for $200.00 a thousand
eet.
It is but fair to consider that the
very high prices for lumber now pre-
vailing are due in part to the abnor-
mal conditions in business generally.
Much lumber is sold at “spot” or at
auction, where bidding prevails, and
where prices are determined by the:
desire of the purchaser to get the!
lumber, rather than by a consideration |
of its real value.
But this does not explain it all. The
rise in lumber prices has been gradu-
al and is due to the law of supply and |
demand. Forests have not been
maintained as lumber producers and :
operations have been moved to where
lumber is most plentiful. The less |
timber we have the higher price we
must pay. Even before the war
prices had risen tremendously. In |
1917 the average price of retail lum-
ber had increased forty-eight per
cent. over the prices of 1905.
As lumbering shifts to distant
points one of the biggest items in the
cost to the consumer is transporta-
tion. Here in Pennsylvania we pay
an annual freight bill on lumber of
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of Agriculture offers free detailed in-
formation on this subject.
needles.
chamois is better.
A piece of fine linen or
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GASTORIA
Mothers Know That
Bears the
{Signature
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more than $25,000,000. Already
transportation absorbs as much as
23.9 rer cent. of the retail price. In
1919 the percentage was 21.6, while
the percentage of freight increase
over 1905 was 72.8 per cent.
In its summary of principal conclu-
sions in response to the Capper reso-
lution, the National Forest Service,
commenting upon the national situa-
tion as to prices, says: “If large-
scale production had still been possi-
ble in New England, New York, Penn-
sylvania and the Lake States, there
can be little doubt concerning the
beneficial effects upon market stabili-
ty and lumber prices.”
Here in Pennsylvania we must re-
member that how high prices go and
how steady prices are largely depends
on how soon we can bring about the
restoration of Pennsylvania’s timber
production, and put our State once
more among the great forest growing
Commonwealths.
Blast Reveals Immense Cave.
A mammoth cave believed to rival
the famous caverns of Luray, Va., in
size and beauty, has been accidentally
opened between Boonsboro and Kee-
dysville, Md., as the result of blast-
ing for stone to be used in roadmak-
ing. A superficial investigation show-
ed that the cavern was of immense
size and a later exploration made by a
party of men with ropes and flash-
lights revealed four immense “rooms” ! {
connected by passage-ways. Each |
room is filled with gigantic stalactites
which, the explorers stated, ring like
chimes when touched, and are of sur-
passing beauty. A fuller exploration !
of the cavern which is believed to ex- :
tend far underground, will be made.
The discovery of the cavern has creat-
ed a sensation in that section and
many persons there have visions of a
natural wonder that may bring fame
and fortune. The cavern is on the
farm of Edward E. Hutzell, cashier of
fhe City Savings Bank of Hagers-
own.
Case of Necessity.
“A friend in need is a friend, in-
deed,” smilingly said the pawnbroker
as he reached for a client’s timepiece.
“I’m no friend of yours, Scrooge,”
said the needy one.
“Mebbe not,” chuckled the other,
“but the fact remains that you're put-
ting up with me.”—Buffalo Express.
PEOPLE OF OUR TOWN
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Shoes for
Growing Girls
$6.00 $6.00
We have a complete line of
Shoes for Growing Girls
for school wear. Made lof
dark tan Russia calf, vici kid
and gun metal, - all solid
leather, low heels and high
tops and the price is only
$6.00
Yeager’s Shoe Store
THE SHOE STORE FOR THE POOR MAN
Bush Arcade Building 58-27 BELLEFONTE, PA.
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This man has Found Something ia
his paper that he Doesn't Like and
He's going around and Bawl Out the
Editor. Will the Editor Feel Terrible?
Gosh, no, he’ll probably Get Mad him-
self and tell the Peeved Party where
to Get Off at! Editors ain't So Meek
as they Used to Be.
For Infants and Children.
Genuine Castoria
Always
of
In
Use
For Over
Thirty Years
THE CENTAUR COMPANY, HEY YO = CIT
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Come to the “Watchman” office for High Class Job work.
Lyon & Co. Lyon & Co.
THE STORE WHERE QUALITY REIGNS SUPREME.
somaammn am
Seeing 1s Believing
We are showing the largest line of Fall Coats
and Suits, at prices that are astonishingly low.
We guarantee our prices to be lower than any of
our competitors, and qualities, workmanship and
linings the best in the market.
We can save every customer from 25 to 40 per
cent. on every suit or coat purchased here.
GLOVES
The new winter Gloves are here. Fabric Gloves,
all colors and black; Golf Gloves, Wool Mittens for
men, women and children. Kid Gloves.
FURS
All styles and colors in French, Coney, O’pos-
sum, Jap, Mink and Fox, in full scarfs, collarettes
and fur stoles.
SILKS
Big reductions in Silks, Satins, Messalines, Pus-
sy Willows, Crepe de Chenes, Taffetas and Geor-
gettes.
SHOES SHOES
Men’s, Women’s and Children’s Shoes at pre-
war prices.
Lyon & Co. « Lyon & Co.
THE STORE WHERE QUALITY REIGNS SUPREME
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