Bellefonte, Pa., September 3, 1920.
LESSONS IN CITIZENSHIP.
Lesson II.
United States Congress.
What is the U. S. Congress?
Ancwer: It is the most important
department of the United States Gov-
ernment.
Why is it the most important?
Answer: Because both of its
houses, the Senate and the House of
Representatives, are chosen directly
by the people and are answerable to
them alone for its acts.
Were both Houses of Congress
always chosen directly by the people?
Answer: No. Article I, Section 3,
of the United States Constitution pro-
vided for the election of Senators by
the Legislature of the States.
The Seventeenth Amendment pro-
vides for their election by the direct
vote of the people.
How many Senators are there?
Answer: There are two Senators
from each State, or 96 in all.
How many members are there in
the House of Representatives?
Answer: At present there are 435
members. There is one representative
from each Congressional District.
Every State is divided into Congres-
sional Districts for the purpose of
representation; the basis being one
Representative for each 211,877 of
the population which is determined
every ten years by a census taken
of all the people. Pennsylvania has
thirty-six Representatives, six of
whom come from Philadelphia and
four from Pittsburgh.
“What are the qualifications for a
Rrepresentative ?
Answer: He must be twenty-five
years of age, seven years a citizen of
the United States, and a resident of
the State in which he is elected.
(See Article I, Section 2, of the Con-
stitution.)
For how long a term does a Repre-
sentative serve?
Answer: The term is two years
but he may be re-elected any number
of terms.
When does the session of Congress
begin?
On the first Monday of
Answer:
December, it convenes by Constitu-
tional authority (last clause of Sec-
tion 4, Article I).
In case a vacancy occurs in the
House, how is it filled?
Answer: In case of a vacancy in
the representation from any State,
the Governor of that State issues a
Writ of Election to fill the vacancy.
(Article I, Section 2, the next to the
last clause.)
Are there ever special sessions of
Congress ?
Answer: Yes. The President has
the power to convene Congress in ex-
tra sessions on extraordinary occa-
sions. (Section 3, Article II.)
What constitutes a quorum in Con-
gress? : =
“Answer: A majority of all the
members in each house constitutes a
quorum.
Do both branches of Congress meet
at the same time?
Answer: When making laws the
two Houses must carry on work at
the same time, although it is possible
for either House to sit alone for a
period of not more than three days.
(Article I, Section 5, last paragraph.)
When did the first Congress of
the United States come into exist-
ence ?
Answer: March 4, 1789, and it ex-
pired March 4, 1791, when the second
Congress came into power, and so on
every two years. The House of Rep-
resentatives of the Sixty-seventh
Congress will be elected in November,
1920, and will in all probability begin
to serve December, 1921. Its term
of office begins March 4, 1921, but un-
less the President calls a special ses-
sion it will not meet until December,
1921.
How many sessions of each Con-
gress are usually held?
Answer: Two; the long and the
short sessions.
When does the long session meet?
Answer: From December 1st of
the year following the Congressional
elections until the following spring or
summer, according to the amount of
business on hand.
When is the short session held?
Answer: The short session meets
December 1st of the second year after
the election and adjourns on March
4th.
Who calls a newly assembled House
to order?
Answer: The Clerk of the prev-
ious House calls them to order, and
causes a roll call, and if a quorum is
present invites the House to elect a
Speaker, who is always chosen among
the Representatives. (Last clause of
Section 2, Article I.)
What is a quorum?
Answer: A majority of all mem-
bers elected, is according to the Con-
stitution, a quorum. (Section 5, Ar-
ticle 1.)
What are the duties of the Speak-
er?
Answer: He preserves order,
puts questions to the House
to be voted upon, decides questions of
parliamentary law and, above all, he
decides which member is to be heard
upon the floor. No member may
speak or make a motion until he has
been recognized by the Speaker.
Is the Senate reorganized at the
opening of every Congress like the
House?
Answer: It is not, for while the
House is a mew body each session,
the Senate is a continuous body.
Why is this?
Answer: When a Congress expires
two-thirds of the members of the Sen-
ate retain their seats in the new Con-
gress. (Second paragraph of Sec-
tion 3 of Article I.)
Who is the presiding officer of the
Senate ?
Answer: The Vice President.
What are the qualifications of U.
S. Senators?
Answer: A candidate for Senator
must be thirty years old, have been a
citizen of the United States for nine
years, and a resident of the State he
is to represent.
What salary is received by a Rep-
resentative ? :
Answer: $7,500.00 a year, which
is the amount received by a Senator
also.
Has the Senate any powers apart
from concurring with the House in
making laws?
Answer: Yes. The Senate hy a
two-thirds vote must confirm the ap-
pointments of the President, and by
the same vote it confirms all treaties.
Has the House and special prerog-
atives?
Answer: Yes. All bills for rais-
ing revenue must originate there and
so must impeachments.
How is a bill introduced in Con-
gress.
Answer: Any member of either
House may introduce a bill. After
each day’s session the bills so intro-
duced are handed to the Speaker who
refers them to the proper committee.
How are the committees chosen?
Answer. The committees are elect-
ed by the House, but the membership
is determined by party action before
the vote in the House is taken.
What are the principal - standing
committees ?
Answer: Ways and Means, Rules,
appropriations, the Judiciary, Foreign
Relations, Currency, Commerce, Pen-
sions, Military Affairs, Naval Affairs,
Elections, Manufactures, Agriculture,
Public Lands and Rivers and harbors.
What is the purpose of these com-
mittees ?
Answer: The work of the House is
effected by these committees and ev-
ery bill must receive the favorable
judgment of the Committee to which
it has been referred before it can
receive consideration from the House.
After the bill is reported favorabiy
by the committee, what becomes of
it?
Answer: It is placed on the cal-
endar along with hundreds of others.
What then happens to the bill?
Answer: The general rule is, that
every bill should wait its turn for
consideration; but the real agency
which can determine what bills shall
be taken from the calendar (and
which in fact largely guides the entire
proceedings of the House), is the Com-
mittee on Rules. This committee has
the high privilege of bringing in a
“special rule, or order, by which a
certain time may be appointed for
proceedings of the House), is the Com-
immediate consideration of a bill. This
committee can thus at any time with-
out discussion or delay order any bill
to be taken from the calendar for
immediate consideration. This Com-
mittee on Rules can also determine
the conditions of debate, how long
members can speak, whether amend-
ments to the bill may be offered
or nov; when a vote shall be taken.
The first of the committees is the
Committee on Rules, and the first of
the rule is the Special Rule.
If the House, after discussion pass-
es the bill by a majority vote, what
then happens to it?
Answer: It is recorded and a certi-
fied copy is taken by the clerk to the
Senate (if it originated in the House).
What takes place there?
Answer: In the Senate the same
process takes place. If the Senate
agrees, it is signed by the Vice Presi-
dent, who is the Speaker of the Senate
and by the Speaker of the House, and
goes to the President, and if he signs
it, it becomes a law.
What happens if the Senate does
not agree with the House?
_ Answer. A conference Committee
is appointed and a compromise bill is
effected.
If the President does not sign the
bill, can it become a law?
Answer: If the President does not
sign a bill within ten days, unless
Congress has adjourned, the bill auto-
matically becomes a law.
If the President vetoes a bill, what
becomes of it?
Answer. A two-thirds vote in both
the House and Senate will pass any
bill over the President’s veto.
You have described a bill becoming
a law that was introduced in the
House. Cannot a bill be introduced
in the Senate as well as the House?
Answer: Yes, unless the bill is for
the purpose of raising revenue when
it must according to the Constitution
originate in the House (Article I Sec-
tion 7.)
Is there any appeal for the nation
from a law passed by Congress?
Answer: Yes, an appeal may be
made to the Supreme Court of the
United States, which sits in Wash-
ington.
HOOD’S SARSAPARILLA.
Sick Kidneys
Make Lame Backs.
Cause broken, unrefreshing sleep,
and in many cases that tired feeling
that makes it so hard to get up in
the morning. They also cause loss
of appetite, lack of ambition, and
other troubles.
Hood’s Sarsaparilla contains the
medical herbs, barks, roots, etc.,
that strengthen and tone these or-
gans and relieve their ordinary ail-
ments. Take it.
And if you need a laxative take
Hood’s Pills,—they work right. 65-35
Money back without question
if ‘T'S Salve fails in the
f ITCH, ECZEMA,
RINGWORM, TETTER or
other itching skin diseases.
Try a 75 cent box at our risk.
65-26 C.M. PARRISH, Druggist,Bellefonte
ROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE
CONSTITUTION SUBMITTED TO
THE CITIZENS OF THE COM-
MONWEALTH FOR THEIR APPROVAL
OR REJECTION, AT THE ELECTION
TO BE HELD ON TUESDAY, NOVEM-
BER 2, 1920, BY THE GENERAL AS-
SEMBLY OF THE COMMONWEALTH
OF PENNSYLVANIA, AND PUBLISHED
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OI
THE COMMONWEALTH, IN PUR-
SUANCE OF ARTICLE XVIII OF THE
CONSTITUTION.
Number One.
A JOINT RESOLUTION
Proposing an amendment to section eleven
of article sixteen of the Constitution of
Pennsylvania.
Be it resolved by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met,
That the following amendment to the
Constitution of the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania be, and the same is hereby,
proposed, in accordance with the eigh-
teenth article thereof: —
Amend section eleven, article sixteen of
the Constitution of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, which reads as follows:
“No corporate body to possess banking
and discounting privileges shall be created
or organized in pursuance of any law
without three months’ previous public
notice, at the place of the intended loca-
tion, of the intention to apply for such
privileges, in such manner as shall be pre-
scribed by law, nor shall a charter for
such privilege be granted for a longer
period than twenty years,” so that it shall
read as follows:
The General Assembly shall have the
power by general law to provide for the
ncorporation of banks and trust com-
panies,
thereof.
A true copy of Joint Resalution No. 1.
CYRUS E. WOODS,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.
and to prescribe the powers
Number Two.
A JOINT RESOLUTION
Proposing an amendment to article nine,
section eight of the Constitution of
Pennsylvania.
Section 1. Be it resolved by the Sen-
ate and House of Representatives in Gen-
eral Assembly met, That the following
amendment to the Constitution of Penn-
sylvania be, and the same is hereby, pro-
posed, in accordance with the eighteenth
article thereof: —
That article nine, section eight,
amended to read as follows:
Section 8. The debt of any county,
city, borough, township, school district, or
other municipality or incorporated dis-
trict, except as provided herein, and in
section fifteen of this article, shall never
exceed seven (7) per centum upon the
assessed value of the taxable property
therein, but the debt of the city of Phila-
delphia may be increased in such amount
that the total city debt of said city shall
not exceed ten per centum (10) upon the
assessed value of the taxable property
therein, nor shall any such municipality
or district incur any new debt, or increase
its indebtedness to an amount exceeding
two (2) per centum upon such assessed
valuation of property, without the con-
sent of the clectors thereof at a public
election in such manner as shall be pro-
vided by law. In ascertaining the bor-
rowing capacity of the city of Philadel-
phia, at any time, there shall be deducted
from such debt so much of the debt of
said city as shall have been incurred, or
is about to be incurred, and the proceeds
thereof expended, or about to be expended,
upon any public improvement, or in the
construction, purchase, or condemnation
of any public utility, or part thereof, or
facility thereof, if such public improve-
ment or public utility, or part thereof,
whether separately or in connection with
any other public improvement or public
utility, or part thereof, may reasonably
be expected to yield revenue in excess of
operating expenses sufficient to pay the
interest and sinking fund charges thereon.
The method of determining such amount,
so to be deducted, may be prescribed by
the General Assembly.
In incurring indebtedness for any pur-
pose the city of Philadelphia may issue its
obligations maturing not later than fifty
(50) years from the date thereof, with
provision for sinking-fund sufficient to
retire said obligations at maturity, the
payment to such sinking-fund to be in
equal or graded annual or other periodi-
cal installments. Where any indebtedness
shall be or shall have been incurred by
said city of Philadelphia for the purpose
of the construction or improvements of
public works or utilities of any character,
from which income or revenue is to be
derived by said city, or for the reclama-
tion of land to be used in the construction
of wharves or docks owned or to be owned
by said city, such obligations may be in
an amount sufficient to provide for, and
may include the amount of, the interes:
and sinking-fund charges accruing and
which may accrue thereon throughout
the period of construction, and until the
expiration of one year after the com-
pletion of the work for which said in-
debtedness shall have been incurred; and
said city shall not be required to levy a
tax to pay said interest and sinking-fund
charges as required by section ten, article
nine of the Constitution of Pennsylvania,
until the expiration of said period of one
year after the completion of said work.
A true copy of Joint Resolution No. 2.
CYRUS E. WOODS,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.
be
ROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE
P CONSTITUTION SUBMITTED TO
THE CITIZENS OF THE COM-
MONWEALTH, FOR THEIR APPROVAL
OR REJECTION. BY THE GENERAL
ASSEMBLY OF THE COMMONWEALTH
OF PENNSLYVANIA, AND PUBLISHED
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF
THE COMMONWEALTH. IN PUR-
SUANCE OF ARTICLE XVIII OF THE
CONSTITUTION.
Number One-A.
A JOINT RESOLUTION
Proposing an amendment to article three
(III) of the Constitution of the Com-
monwealth of Pennsylvania,
Section 1. Be it resolved by the Senate
and House of Representatives of the Com-
monwealth of Pennsylvania in General
Assembly met, That the following amend-
ment to the Constitution of Pennsylvania
be, and the same is hereby, proposed, in
accordance with the eighteenth article
thereof :—
That article three be amended by add-
ing thereto the following:
Section 34. The Legislature shall have
power to classify counties, cities, bor-
oughs, school districts, and townships ac-
cording to population, and all laws passed
relating to each class, and all laws passed
relating to, and regulating procedure and
procezdings in court with reference to.
any class, shall be deemed general legis-
lation within the meaning of this Con-
stitution; but counties, cities and school
districts shall not be divided into more
than seven classes, and boroughs into not
more than five classes.
A true copy of Joint Resolution No.
CYRUS E. WOODS,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.
Number Two-A
A JOINT RESOLUTION
P’royosing an amendment to article three,
sce ion six of the Constitution of the
Co :monwealth of Pennsylvania, so
thet the subject of an amendment or
supplement to a law and the subject
to which such law is extended or on
which it is conferred shall be clearly
expressed in its title.
Be it resolved by the Senate and the
House of Representatives of the Common-
wealth of Pennsylvania in General As-
sembly met, That the following amend-
ment to the Constitution of Pennsylvania
be, and the same is hereby, proposed, in
accordance with the eighteenth article
thereof :—
That section six of article three be
amended so as to read as follows:
Section 6. No law shall be revived,
amended, or the provisions thereof ex-
tended or conferred, by reference to its
title only. So much thereof as is revived,
amended, extended, or conferred shall
be reenacted and published at length,
and the subject of the amendment or sup-
nlement and the subject to which such
law is extended or on which it is con-
ferred shall be clearly expressed in its
title.
A true copy of Joint
2.A
-dd
Resolution No.
CYRUS E. WOODS,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.
Number Three-A.
A JOINT RESCLUTION
Proposing an amendment to section one,
article eight of the Constitution of
Pennsylvania.
Section 1. Be it resolved by the Sen-
ate and House of Representatives of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in Gen-
eral Assembly met, That. the following
amendment to the. Constitution of Penn-
sylvania be, and the same is hereby, pro-
posed, in accordance with the eighteenth
article, thereof :—
That section one of article eight, which
reads as follows:
“Section 1. Every male citizen twenty-
i |
| one years of age, possessing the follow-
ing qualifications, shall be entitled to vote
at all elections, subject, however, to such
laws requiring and regulating the regis-
tration of electors as the General As-
sembly may enact:
“First. He shall have been a citizen
of the United States at least one month.
“Second. He shall have resided in the
State one year (or, having previously
been a qualified elector or native-born
citizen of the State, he shall have re-
moved therefrom and returned, them six
onthe), immediately preceding the elec-
ion.
“Third. He shall have resided in the
election district where he shall offer to
vote at least two months immediately
preceding the election.
“Fourth. If twenty-two years of age
and upwards, he shall have paid, within
two years, a State or county tax, which
shall have been assessed at least two
months, and paid at least one month
before the election,” be amended so that
the same shall read as follows:
Section 1. Every citizen male or
female of twenty-one years of age, pos-
sessing the following qualifications, shall
be entitled to vote at all elcetions, sub-
ject, however, to such laws requiring and
regulating the registration of electors as
the General Assembly may enact:
First. He or she shall have been a
citizen of the United States at least one
month.
Second. He or she shall have resided
in the State one year (or, having pre-
viously been a qualified elector or native-
born citizen of the State, he or she shall
have removed therefrom and returned,
then six montlis), immediately preceding
the election.
Third. He or she shall have resided in
the election district where he or she shall
offer to vote at least two months im-
mediately preceding the election.
Fourth. If twenty-two years of age
and upwards, he or she shall have paid,
within two years, a State or county tax,
which shall have been assessed at least
two months and paid at least one month
before the election.
Fifth. Wherever the words “he,” “his,”
“him,” and “himself” occur in any sec-
tion of article eight of this Constitution,
the same shall be construed as if written,
respectively, ‘he or she,” “his or her,”
“him or her,” and “himself or herself.”
ix true copy of Joint Resolution No.
5 CYRUS E. WOODS,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.
‘Number Four-A.
A JOINT RESOLUTION
Proposing an amendment to section one
(1) of article fifteen (XV) of the Con-
stitution of the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania.
Section 1. Be it resolved by the Sen-
ate and House of Representatives of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in Gen-
eral Assembly met, That the following
amendment to the Constitution of Penn-
sylvania be and the same is hereby, pro-
posed, in accordance with the eighteenth
article thereof :—
That section one of
which reads as follows:
“Section 1. Cities may be chartered
whenaver a majority of the electors of
any town or borough having a population
of at least ten thousand shall vote at any
general élection in favor of the same,”
be, and the same is hereby, amended to
read as follows:
Section 1. Cities may be chartered
whenever a majority of the electors of
any town or borough having a population
of at least ten thousand shall vote at any
general or municipal election in favor of
the same. Cities, or cities of any partic-
ular class, may be given the right and
power te frame and adopt their owa
charters and to exercise the powers and
authority of local self-government, sub-
ject, however, to such restrictions, limi-
tations, and regulations, as may be im-
posed by the Legislature. Laws also
may be enacted the organiza-
tion and government of cities and bor-
vughs. which shall become effective in any
city or borough only when submitted to
the electors chereof, and approved by a
majority of those voting thereon.
23 trpe, copy. of -Joint Resolution No.
article fifteen,
affecting
: CYRUS E. WOODS,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.
Number 5-A.
A JOINT RESOLUTION.
Proposing an amendment to article nine,
section seven of the Constitution of
Pennsylvania.
Section 1. Be it resolved by the Sen-
ate and House of Representatives of the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in Gen-
eral Assembly met, That the following
amendment to the Constitution of Penn-
sylvania be, and the same is hereby, pra-
posed, in accordance with the eighteenth
article thereof :—
That article nine, section seven be
amended to read as follows:
Section 7. The General Assembly
shall not authorize any county, city, bor-
ough, township, or incorporated district
to beco>me a stockholder in any company,
association, or corporation, or to obtain
or appropriate money for, or to loan its
credit to, any corporation, association,
institution, or individual.
This section shall not apply to any con-
tract entered into by the city of Phila-
delphia under legislative authority with
respect to the use or operation of transit
facilities, wkether furnished by the city
or by a private corporation or party or
jointly by either or both. Nor shall
this section be construed to prohibit the
city of Philadelphia from acquiring by
contract or condemnation in the franchises
and property of any company owning or
operating transit facilities, or any part
thereof, within its corporate limits or
the shares of stock of the corporation
Pwniuz cr operating the same, or any par:
ereof.
53 true copy of Joint Resolution No.
JA,
CYRUS E. WOODS,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.
Number Six-A.
A JOINT RESOLUTION
Proposing an amendment to the Consti-
tution of the Commonwealth of Fenn-
sylvania so as to consolidate the courts
of common pleas of Philadelphia
County.
Section 1. Be it resolved by the Senate
and House of Representatives of the Com-
monwealth of ennsylvania in General
Assembly met, That the following amend-
ment to the Constitution of Pennsylvaaia
be, and the same is hereby, proposed, in
accordance with the eighteenth article
thereof :—
That section six of article five
amended so as to read as follows: —
Section 6. In the county of Philadel-
phia all the jurisdiction and powers now
vested in the several numbered courts of
common pleas of that county shall be
vested in one court of common pleas com-
posed of all the judges in commission in
said courts. Such jurisdiction and powers
shall extend to all proceedings at law
and in equity which shall have been in-
stituted in the several numbered courts,
and shall be subject to such change as
may be made by law, and subject to
change of venue as provided by law. The
president judge of the said court shall
be selected as provided by law. The num-
ber of judges in said court may be by
law increased from time to time. This
amendment shall take effect on the first
day of January succeeding its adoption,
In the county of Allegheny all the juris-
diction and powers now vested in the sev-
eral numbered courts of common pleas
shall be vested in one court of common
pleas composed of all the judges in com-
mission in said courts. Such jurisdiction
and powers shall extend to all proceed-
ings at law and in equity which shall
have been instituted in the several num-
bered courts, and shall be subject to such
change as may be made by law, and sub-
ject to change of venue as provided b
aw. The president judge of the sal
court shall be selected as provided by
law. The number of judges in said court
may be by law increased from time to
time. This amendment shall take effect
on. the first day of January succeeding
its adoption.
A true copy Joint
be
of Resolution No.
CYRUS E. WOODS,
Secretary of the Commonwealth.
65-31-13t.
Shees. Shoes.
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: Prices on
SHOES
Reduced
SE RERS Sea
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RIS
We have a very liberal reduc-
tion on all summer shoes. This
reduction is on all Ladies’,
Misses’ and Children’s Low
Shoes. There is plenty of time
to wear low shoes this season
and if you are in need of low
shoes, look our prices over be-
fore you purchase.
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Yeager’s Shoe Store
THE SHOE STORE FOR THE POOR MAN
S50
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BELLEFONTE, PA.
ie
Bush Arcade Building 58-27
LH
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Come to the “Watchman” office for
Lyon & Co.
High Class Job work.
Lyon & Co.
Our buyer has just returned from the principal cities of the
East, and has indeed been very fortunate, due to the exceptional
low prices which now prevail in the present market, to make
rare purchases of quality merchandise at exceptionally low prices.
A visit will more than convince you.
A few of the items purchased include one-piece Satin and
Serge Dresses; also a very extensive line of All-wool Jersey
Dresses in all shades, including the newest—those of marine
and elk. These are very beautiful and you are cordially invited
to inspect same.
Suggestions for Milady’s Fall and
Winter Wardrobe :
Undergarments
The celebrated brand “Dove” Undermuslins in satin, silk and
cotton.
Dress Goods
Wool Poplins, Serges, Batistes, Broad cloths and last but no?
least, the beautiful Plaids with their rare color combinations,
which undoubtedly will be very much in demand this season.
Hosiery
Our stock is now complete with Hosiery of the better grade in
ladies’ full fashioned and seamed back, silk, mercerized lisle and §
cotton.
School days are almost here and the kiddies will be in need
of school hose. We have them in all popular colors, and they
are hard to wear out.
Come in soon. Your visit will be appreciated.
Lyon & Co. « Lyon & Co.