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Beworraitc: Watchin
Bellefonte, Pa.,
April 25, 1919.
AUGURIES OF INNOCENCE.
A robin redbreast in a cage
Puts all Heaven in a rage.
A dove-house filled with doves and pigeons
Shudders Hell thro’ all its regions.
A dog starv’d at his master’s gate
Predicts the ruin of the State.
A horse misus’d upon the road
Calls to Heaven for human blood.
Each outery of the hunted hare
A fibre from the brain does tear.
A skylark wounded in the wing,
A cherubim does cease to sing.
The game-cock clipped and armed for
fight,
Does the rising sun affright.
Hvery wolf’s and lion’s howl
Raises from Hell a human soul.
The wild deer, wand’ring here and here,
Keeps the human soul from care.
The lamb misus’d breeds public strife,
And yet forgives the butcher's knife.
He who shall hurt the little wren
Shall never be beloved by men.
He who the ox to wrath has mov'd
Shall never be by woman lov'd.
The wanton boy that kills the fly
Shall feel the spider's enmity.
He who torments the chafer’s sprite
Weaves a bower in endless might.
The caterpillar on the leaf
Repeats to thee thy mother’s grief.
Kill not the moth nor butterfly,
For-the last judgment draweth nigh.
He who shall train the horse to war
Shall never pass the polar b’ar.
The beggar’'s dog and widow’s cat,
Feed them and thou wilt grow fat.
—Wiliiam Blake,
POORER AND DEARER COAL IN
PROSPECT.
Real scarcity of coal, in the life-
time of any of us who are here today,
is an impossibility, we are assured by
Mr. Floyd W. Parsons, editor of The
Coal Age, in a leading article. Itis a
fact, however, he reminds us, that in
all lines of production the first output
is from the highest grade sources and
those most easily accessible. As coal-
mining goes on, therefore, we may ex-
pect high-grade sources to be first ex-
hausted, and coal to become dearer
and poorer. And this is exactly what
is happening. “The best coals are dis-
appearing, and lower grade fuels with
higher mining costs are now being at-
tacked.” The writer dismisses an-
thracite with a few words, as it com-
prises only about one-fifteenth of our
coal resources. He tells us simply
that we will mine in the next twenty
years what we mined in the past 112,
and that while we mine three tons we
unavoidably waste two. An increase
of expense with deterioration of qual-
ity will be the rule here as elsewhere.
He goes on:
“Geologists tell us that in the Unit-
ed States we have about thirteen hun-
dred and fifty billion tons of bitumin-
ous and semi-bituminous coal; of |
these huge reserves we have mined |
about thirteen billion tons and wasted
at least 50 per cent. as much. In the |
face of such large resources this total
exhaustion of less than twenty billion |
tons seems hardly worth noticing, but |
here is the trouble: of cur total bitu-
minous deposits less than 5 per cent.
contain coals that are today regarded
as high-class fuel, and it is this bet-
ter grade coal we have been mining.
“Already in many parts of the Unit-
ed States there is an apparent scarci-
ty of high-grade fuel. As time passes
this shortage in special coals will be-
come more acute, and will be felt in
fullest force in the Middle and North-
ern Atlantic States. A great many
people overlook the fact that 45 per
cent. of our population inhabits 11
per cent. of our area. In New Eng-
land, New York, New Jersey, and
Pennsylvania there are eleven times
as many people on each square mile
as therz are in the West. In this con-
gested Eastern region there are 700
people for every mile of railroad,
while in the West there are only 252.
Of all the manufactured goods pro-
duced in the United States nearly 30
per cent. originates in this small
Eastern area.
“The industrial development of
America is far from being uniform.
The result is that we have a small
Eastern territory buzzing with busi-
ness activity and entirely lacking in
any native supply of coal. Further-
more, this congested region has no oil
or natural gas and posseses only lim-
ited water-power.
“The great cry on the part of coal-
consumers is for the best obtainable
fuel, since it is well known that high-
grade coals purchased at a reasonable
price are most economical. Further-
more, various plants, such as those
serving utility corporations and gas
companies, have been built and ad-
justed to the use of only the best
grades of coal. In order to burn low-
er rade fuels, many such plants must
undergo modifications.
“Very few districts producing high-
class coal are close enough to be of
use to consumers in the overcrowded
Middle and North Atlantic States.
Even what coal is available is held in
large part by great corporations.
Slowly but surely the small consumer
is commencing to grasp the situation.
He has found that although Kentucky
and southern West Virginia contain
large supplies of the kind of coal he
desires, the freight-rates on tonnage
from these Southern fields are so high
that the coals can not be brought in
by rail.
“Practically the only available de-
posits of high- e steam coal lying
within reach of the Philadelphia an
New York market are in Cambria, In-
~ diana, and Somerset counties in Penn-
sylvania. Even in these few districts
the undeveloped tracts are limited in
area and will be rather difficult to de-
velop, due to the thinness and depth
of most of the seams. The situation
in regard to gas and by-product coals
is even less favorable so far as the
large Eastern markets are concerned.
West Virginia contains a large sup-
ply of these coals, but freight-rates
again render these Southern fields
inaccessible. Only a few small areas
of gas and by-product coals are avail-
able to the New York and Philadel-
phia markets, and these lie in Penn-
sylvania.
: before.
“Fach year now witnesses the ex-
haustion of a number of high-grade
coal areas. Far more mines produc-
ing better grade coals are being work-
ed out than there are new mines com-
mencing to produce. Many investi-
gators have reached the conclusion
that the tonnage of high-grade coal
shipped from the low freight-rate ter-
ritory into the Atlantic seaboard mar-
kets will not be increased beyond its
present volume. These authorities
expect a decrease in the shipments of
such coal and anticipate that the mar-
kets will have to be satisfied with a
substitute in the way of lower grade
fuel. The only other solution is that
consumers will have to pay higher
freight-rates, thereby bringing in
coal from more distant fields.
“The coal industry, like every other
great business, has developed through
a series of stages. Only a few years
have passed since there was practic-
ally no market for the low-grade
coals. Up until recently there has al-
ways been an overabundance of fuel.
The industry has been the field of bit-
ter competition, with the result that
prices have averaged low and profits
nil. Furthermore, the consumption of
coal in tons per capita has increased
much more rapidly than has popula-
tion. In 1850 the average consump-
tion of soft coal for each person in
the United States was only 0.12 ton.
In 1880 the consumption had risen to
0.85 ton, while in 1900 it was 2.8 tons
per capita. In 1910 the consumption
had grown to 4.56 tons, while last year
it had increased to 5.61 tons for each
inhabitant.
“It has only been a few years since
the great markets in the vicinity of
New York and Philadelphia were sup-
plied with a splendid quality of coal
which came from the Moshannon
seam in Clearfield county, Pensylva-
| nia. Now this famous bed is practic-
ally exhausted. A similar fate awaits
| the “Big Vein” in the Georges Creek
region of Maryland. Forty per cent.
of the original Connellsville Basin has
been worked out. The well-known Ir-
win gas-coal field is about 70 per cent.
gone. The same story may be told of
other famous districts. All of this
accounts for the fact that the prices
of coal-lands in all of the Eastern
fields have increased from two to
feur-fold during the last fifteen years.
In 1900 it was possible to lease a
tract of high-grade coal by agreeing
to pay a royalty of ten cents per ton.
The same lease today would carry
with it a royalty of from twenty to
forty cents a ton.
“A further factor of great impor-
tance is the matter of enlarged coal
exports. Combinations of strong in-
terests are planning to increase ma-
terially our overseas shipments. The
coals that will be included in such ex-
ports will come from our high-grade
seams. . . . . Foreign consum-
ers will demand the best we can give
them, and this additional business is
certain to further increase the scarci-
ty of our best steam and gas coals.
Another competitor of the domestic
steam-coal consumer will be our en-
larged mercantile marine. . . .
“In the matter of coal control the
situation is far more stable than ever
Only a few years ago there
were from ten to- fifty dependent com-
panies operating in each important
coal district. Today the bulk of all
the available steam coal in the East
is in the hands of“ eleven companies. |
Four-fifths of the production of gas
and coking coals is likewise controll-
| ed by fourteen large corporations. As
i for coke itself, 60 per cent. of the out-
put in 1918 was produced by steel
companies for their own use. This
centralization of ownership and con-
trol of our high-grade coal seams will
not tend to reduce fuel prices. This
fact alone is a boon to the industry
and to the nation, for although it may
mean that consumers will pay slight-
ly more to satisfy their fuel require-
ments, it also insures that mining will
be conducted on a less hazardous ba-
sis through the installation of safety
precautions and less coal will be wast-
ed in the process of mining and mar-
keting the product.
“The immense demand for coal dur-
ing the period of the war brought on
investigations that were sadly needed.
For the first time in the history coal
men were obliged to estimate careful-
ly their costs of production. .
These investigations showed more
clearly than ever the scarcity of so-
called steam and gas coals. In some
pools less than 12 per cent. of the to-
WB shipments were of high-grade
coal.
“Coal-mining differs from practic-
ally all of our other great industries.
In farming the producer may bring
science to his aid and replenish the
fertility of the soil, insuring a contin-
uation of good crops. Even in the
matter of lumber it is possible for
those engaged in the business to re-
forest worked-over areas. The coal-
producer has no such recourse and
must be content to see his coal seam
disappear for good and all. He must
figure that his mine has a life of only
twenty or thirty years, and during
this time he must secure not only his
profit, but regain his initial invest-
ment. :
“During the last twenty years the
population of the United States has
increased about 42 per cent. While
this growth has taken place the out-
put of coal has increased 172 per cent.
The reason is that as civilization ad-
vances and mechanical means for do-
ing things increase, the individual
citizen has found more and still more
uses for fuel. If the same compara-
tive growth continues for twenty more
years, the United States wil have a
population of 139,000,000 people, and
the consumption of coal per capita
will be approximately ten tons yearly.
“The outcome is plain and inevita-
ble. Irrespective of temporary fluc-
tuations, fuel-prices will advance from
year to year. What are known now
as Ligh-grade coals will disappear en-
tirely. Seams that are now consider-
ed unminable will become valuable.
Purchasers will buy coal exclusively
on the basis of its heat values, and
every one will then understand that
coal is not just coal, but that there is
a wide difference in the varieties that
are produced. . . . . - :
“The coal industry is entering a
new era, and those who are wise will
not mistake the course of events."—
Literary Digest.
“Play poker with a dentist? No,
sir!”
“Why not?”
“He's too blamed expert at drawing
and filling.”
Possibilities of Personal Development
Personality can be built if you take
the trouble. But unless you have
made conscious serious and intelligent-
ly directed efforts toward self-im-
provement, it is not likely that your
personality is such that anyone should
want to meet or know you. If you
have allowed your mind to go to seed,
and have made no effort in the way of
self-government, you can almost take
it for granted that your personal ap-
peal to others is very small and weak.
Of course, it may be that you have in-
herited qualities of so charming a na-
ture that your personality is irresisti-
ble even without self improvement.
But if so you are the rare exception,
and even so, you have a rare founda-
tion upon which to build.
Personality is like perfection. Or
like efficiency. No human being can
expect to realize one hnuder per
cent. in perfection, efficiency or per-
sonality, but that is no reason why
you should be satisfied with a rating
of thirteen, when yon might have
eight-four or ninety-one. It is a mere
question of the effort for self-improve-
ment. So many of us are indifferent
to our possibilities. But once the
desire or the ambition gets a hold of
you, you will try hard to make some-
thing of yourself.
Wolves Kill Caribou.
Prince Albert, Canada.— Timber
wolves are working havoc among the
caribou herds around Lake Athapa-
puskow, 100 miles north of the Pas,
the present northern terminus of the
Canadian National Railway. Trap-
pers and hunters report that the
caribou are being slaughtered by the
hundred.
The caribou are accustomed to
swarm into the Lake Athapapuskow
region every summer to pasture on
the rich grass that carpets the forests
and swamp lands. They usually with-
draw at the approach of cold weather
into the barrens of the Far North,
where they winter immune in a coun-
try free from wolves. They delayed
their northward migration this year
because of the mild temperatures that
have prevailed on their Southern feed-
ing grounds and, caught in the re-
cent heavy snows, they have fallen
easy prey to the wolves.
— Only 48,768 of the 107,444
deaths in the American army during
the war were due to injuries suffered
in battle. In the expeditionary forces
the total was 72,951. Of these 20,-
829 resulted from disease, 48,768
from injuries suffered in battle and
3,354 from all other causes. Deaths
from disease among the troops in the
United States totalled 82,737 and
from other causes 1,756, giving a to-
tal for the troops in this country of
34,493.
39,000,000 Lbs. of Candy Consumed
by American Army in Five Months.
An idea of the huge amount of
candy = which is consumed by the
Army is given in a War Department
announcement on Tuesday. During
the five months from November 11,
1918, there were purchased for ship-
ment to the overseas forces 39,094,
375 pounds of candy; 5,350,000 pack-
ages of salted almonds and peanuts,
and 2,625,000 packages of popcorn
confection.
It would take a convoy of 835 three-
ton trucks to carry this amount of
candy. This would make a train
eight miles long. It would require
approximately 83 box cars of average
freight capacity to freight this candy.
The cases in which the candy is pack-
ed if stacked would reach 15 miles,
and if on end 20 miles. If the candy
were packed in ordinary one-pound
cans placed end to end it would reach
a distance of 178 miles.
Shoes.
——For high class job work come
to the “Watchman” office. |
War Claimed 57 Y. M. C. A. Members; |
13 Women on Death List.
Carrying the Red Triangle into -
camps abroad, often to the firing lines
and over the top, cost fifty
members of Y. M. C
their lives, according to a statement |
recently issued by the National War |
Work Council of the |
These casualties having occurred in a
force that never exceeded 9,000, it isi
estimated that the proportionate loss ¢
was one-fourth of that of the Ameri-
can expeditionary forces.
Thirty-nine of these fatalities were | =
due to disease, the remainder to shell-
fire, bombs, accidents and wounds. |
Thirteen of those who sacrificed their |
lives bringing aid and cheer to the |
Yanks were “Y” women, one of whom |
was killed by shellfire and another in
a German air raid. i
|
Correspondent Answered.
“How will Prohibition affect the |
full Supreme Bench?” Robert in- |
quires.
“Won't affect it at all, sir; as a
matter of fact every member of that
body is us ‘sober as a judge.’”
ama"
Po mh
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ALGOTOL 3 PER GENT. |
© AVegetablePrep 4
imitating theFood ty Regula- .
ng the Stomachs and Bowels of |
| Thereby Promoting Digestion
|| Cheerfulnessand Rest Contains
neither Opium, Morphine nor
i N GOTIC.
Mineral, NoT NARCOT?Y
ths old
Al Gmon re
3500s Js
|
|
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Exact Copy of Wrapper.
= \ a
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GASTORIA
| Bears the
| Signature
GASTORIA
For Infants and Children.
Always
of
In
Use
For Over
Thirty Years
THE CENTAUR COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY,
We Will Lend You Money
to buy Victory Loan notes
at the same rate the notes
bear,--4.3-4%, at ninety days
privilege of one renewal
The First National Bank.
Bellefonte, Pa.
From Victory Loan circular.
A SB i a ttt
seven | i
A. personnel | ¢
Y. M.C. A. iz
Yeager's
Shoe Store
A Beautiful Easter Display of
Fine Pumps and Oxfords
FOR WOMEN
YOU will need a pair of Oxfords or
Pumps for Easter. Our line is complete.
All the new styles: Patent Kid, Vici Kid
all the shades of Tan,
and heels, all sizes and widths
all the new lasts
We have made a special effort to get
all the styles in large sizes, so that the
large woman with a large foot can secure
just as good looking shoes as the dainty
miss.
Come and examine our line before
you purchase your Easter Shoes
Yeager’s Shoe Store
THE SHOE STORE FOR THE POOR MAN
Bush Arcade Building BELLEFONTE, PA.
58-27
Come to the “Watchman’* office for High Class Job work.
Lyon & Co. Lyon & Co.
Spring Opening
We have replenished our ready-to-wear depart-
ments and are showing the Latest Styles from the
Eastern markets, Ladies’ and Misses’ Coats and Suits,
. Dolmans and Capes.
New Shirt Waists
We are showing the news:t in Blouses. The Col-
larless, Beaded, Braided and Hemstitched. All the
new colors—Sun Set, Bisque, French Grey, Flesh, and
White.
New Silks
The newest Silk for Sport Skirts or Suits. The
Jersette Satins—washable, heavy, soft, clinging kind ;
Flesh and White.
Gloves
Silk and Kid Gloves for Spring.
new Spring Shades and Black.
All sizes in the
Sweaters
Sweaters and Sweater Coats—a new assortment of
Slip-on Sweaters and Sweater Coats; new colors, new
combinations. Also Sleeveless Sweaters.
Rugs, Linoleums and Curtains
We can give you low prices on Floor Coverings and
Rugs in Brussels, Axminsters, Tapestry and Wiltons.
Linoleums in choice patterns.
New Sunfast Draperies.
Shoes! Shoes!
New Shoes for Men.
New Shoes for Women and Misses.
New Shoes for Children.
Come in and see the beautiful things we have for
Easter at the lowest prices.
Lyon & Co. «=» Lyon & Co. §