Bellefonte, Pa., July 20, 1917.
Indians Who Use Language of Cortez
Time.
Berkeley, Cal.—Dr. Paul Radin, Ph.
D., member of the Canadian Geolog-
ical Survey, and former fellow of Har-
vard and Columbia universities, in In-
dian research, has just arrived here
from an exploration voyage part of
which ~consisted in studying nknown
tribes and customs of Indians in
Southern Mexico.
Dr. Radin spent a good deal of his
time in the State of Oaxaca in the |
southern part of Mexico. Among the
interesting things which he discover-
ed there was that the language spok-
en at the time of Cortez in the Six-
teenth century is stili spoken. The
Indians in this region number in the
millions. Though they have given up
most of their old customs, their lan-
guage is still intact.
language in neighboring
rather than having their own
guage affected by the Spanisb.
lan-
“These people in the State of Oax-
aca are descendants from the Zapo-
tees, a highly civilized race of In-
dians,” said Dr. Radin. “Among the
curious things I saw was the use of
a whistling language. The people
give directions by whistling. The idea |
is not to have a word for each whistle, i
but a whistle for a whole sentence.
For example, ‘Is John at home?’
would be illustrated by one whistle. |
Pueblos are |
Names can be whistles.
called out in musical tones.
“Each Pueblo is distinguished
the other by its moccasins, its som-
brero and its belts. Otherwise these
tribes wear clothes like civilized com-
munities. They do not paint and they
have big cities.
“In stydying the language and
mythology of the people, I found that
half of it is European mythology, bor-
rowed from the Spaniards and put
into its own. Spanish culture has un-
dergone sufficient remodeling to make
it entirely different. The old beliefs
and ideas have disappeared, except in
the secluded mountain districts.
“The Indian language has much vi-
tality. In the southern part of Mexi-
co the language not only holds its
from
own, but is making headway among |
the Mexicans.
clusively for Indians and where
have special teachers. The tribes
never speak Spanish among them-
selves, no matter how well they can
use and understand it.
. “The Indian language is broken up
into many dialects. In one place there
were thirty dialects. Tribes eight
miles apart could not anderstand one
another. They fight amongst each
other. Some tribes have considerable
dislike of the white man. One Indian
chief issued a proclamation while I
was there that anyone in his tribe
caught wearing the shoes of a white
man would be killed. The Indians
usually wear moccasins and sandals.
“I visited a tribe 60 miles south of
Salina Cruz. These people are called
Hauves and have rarely been visited
by white people. They live along the
water lagunes. They are a conserva-
tive people from whom it is hard to
get information. I got my informa-
tion by going to the Pueblos where
the culture had broken down. They
speak a language like the tribes in
the mountains. Their custom is dif-
ferent from all others. They belong
to the same tribe as that known as the
‘Mixe.” It is possible that they will
turn out the same people as those who
speak the Maya languages and Guate-
malan, and who are known for their
high type of culture. They are prob-
ably the remnants of people pushed
aside by the more powerful other In-
dian tribes.
“The Indians of Southern Mexico
use Spanish money. They live in huts
that have no windows. They use ox-
en. Their food is rabbit, deer, lizard,
fish. cocoa and cocoanuts. They have
no milk. They sleep in hammocks
made of soft yarn. They are great
believers in custom, ana will generally
not change.”
Dr. Radin is compiling his report
for Harvard and Columbia universi-
ties. It will be published by the
Smithsonian Institution.
Neutrals at Mercy of U. S.
One of the most effective war weap-
ons the United States possesses has
not been thrown into the scale of war
vet to any extent, says the Washing-
ton correspondent of the Kansas City
“Star.” That is the almost control-
leverage over the European neutrals
lodged in this country through the
fact that, because of the submarine
warfare, the United States is the only
nation with an available surplus of
food of all kinds and supplies, such as
steel and copper and oils, that neutral
Europe must have.
,. Unintentionally the submarine war-
fare, by reducing the world shipping
tonnage so severely, has given the
United States practically a “world
corner” on the available surplus of
everything. For surplus food in Aus-
tralia or India, or ever South Amer-
ica, if it takes so long to transport
that tonnage can’t be spared to go
_ after it, isn’t much more use except
to the people of those countries than
if a surplus did not exist. No one
nation ever had such a “corner” on
the things that nations need in order
to exist as the United States possess-
es today.
It was given the United States un-
solicited, and today millions of peo-
ple in the small neutral nations of Eu-
rope are watching more anxiously
than any other development in the
war how this country intends to ex-
ercise the vast power it possesses by
virtue of this “corner.” I{ means
“life or starvation” for them.
If the United States were to use the
power arrogantly and inhumanely,
there is little question that they could
force most of the smaller neutral na-
tions, such as Holland, Denmark, Nor-
way, Sweden and Switzerland, to
choose between entering the war on
one side or the other, or face starva-
tion. Germany is on their borders and
they are afraid of being overwhelmed
and crushed before assistance could
Dr. Radin said |
that they have influenced the Spanish |
territory |
« There are a number of |
places where there are grammars ex- |
5 |
they i
| reach them, if they went in for the al-
| lies. If they joined Germany they
{| would be no better off rhen they
{ were before, for Germany could
| give them an army, but no food.
{So the only side to join—and
(they don’t want to get in at
| all—would be the allies. That is the |
| terrible dilemma or precarious situa-
: tion, in which the small neutrals find
| themselves. Today they are in the
| position practically of throwing them-
| selves on the humanity of the Ameri-
! can nation, depending on it not to
| wield the tremendous power acciden- |
| tally lodged in its hands unscrupu-
. lously.
| England with command of the seas,
: was able to bring into effect a system
| of “rationing” of the neutrals adja-
| cent to Germany to prevent too much
i food being sent across the borders to
| Germany. This was a difficult ‘and
| ticklish proposition, as the neutrals
| could go into the American markets
land buy, and the neutrals could send
i the food over in their own ships. Eng-
| land could go so far and no further by
! virtue of her command of all the es-
: sential coal.
With the entrance of the United
States into the war as a belligerent,
! the proposition has become a much
simpler one; in fact, it has transfer-
red largely the diplomatic problem of
‘the neutral powers to Washington.
While it may not be expected that any
of the small nations will be forced to
become active combatants fcr the al-
i lie, yet it is now regarded as a cer-
| tainty that there is no more danger of
any of them joining with Germany.
And shipments of articles these
countries possess into Germany can
be regulated much more stringently
and successfully than before.
The result of this has bez to make
Washington the spotlight for neutral
{ diplomacy. The weeks of conference
between the British mission and our
various government bureaus had mere
to do with this problem than any oth-
| er. While in a general way the policy
| we will pursue is known, it has not
| been announced officially. It will not
be unjust as war measures must go,
but it will tighten the blockade around
| Germany.
i
|
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The Strike of Paris Sewing Girls.
The sewing girls of Paris have set
a new fashion in the conduct of strikes
and added dignity to a nickname that
| had become more or less familiar.
They have shown that hob-nailed
boots and bludgeons are not the only
effective means of persuasion in labor
contentions.
The “midinette” strike is already a
precedent though it ended only re-
cently. Several other strikes model-
ed after it have succeeded since and
{ others are in process of settlement.
| Never again, in all probability, will
| the condition of working women in
I Paris be what it was before, and what
| it had been during the war, with
| thousands of girls working 10 hours
i a day for from 30 to 40 cents.
{ The strike was called the “midi-
nette” strike, though in the beginning
is was purely a dressmaker’s strike.
The “midinettes” are not only sewing
girs, but milliners, feather workers,
embroiderers and other workers who
trip out into the Rue de la Paix, Ave-
nue de I’Opera and other streets of
Paris every noon from the hundreds
i of houses whose business is to clothe
women elegantly and luxuriously.
They are called “midinettes” be-
cause midi or noon is the hour when
they are to be seen by twos, threes
and even fours, arm in arm, hurrying
away to creameries, lunch counters or
cheap restaurants for a modest meal
or, weather permitting, to the public
squares and gardens to share a lunch
on a park bench and feed crumbs to
the sparrows. The second syllable,
nette, is nothing more than a diminu-
tive that fits them quite well. The
combination, “midinette,” might be
translated “little nocn girl.”
The buildings from which: these
noon girls come are the centers of
fashion for the world. In these build-
ings are created each season the styles
that are worn in New York and Lon-
don—even Berlin. They are general-
ly vast and always sumptuous with
majestic liveried porters at the doors
and smartly dressed footmen inside.
Elegantly dressed saleswomen re-
ceive customers in show rooms that
resemble fashionable salons, with
deep, soft carpets, antique furniture,
princely tapestries and rare objects
of art. Everything in these rooms
and in the fitting rooms suggests
high prices, yet on the other side of
the partitions that divide the show
and {fitting rooms from the workshop
there were, before the strike, girls
working ten hours to earn the equiv-
alent of 30 cents.
Although thousands of these girls
were working for a bare existence in
these palaces of fashion, yet to their
inborn taste and skill were due the de-
velopment of those houses and the
reputation of Paris as the center of
fashion. The proof of it is that dress-
making concerns with a Parisian rep-
utation have tried to do elsewhere and
with other help what they did in Par-
is with the aid of the ‘“midinettes,”
and failed.
A great many American women
have paid hundreds of dollars for
dresses made in those establishments,
but the American woman does not
suspect that the “midinette” who
made her rich gown for a little less
than living wages has made one like
it for herself at night of the same pat-
tern and quite as perfect in cut and
fit, but of less rich material bought
with money saved from her lunch al-
lowance. Few look forward to an im-
provement in their situation unless
fortune sends a husband.
If the husband never is found she
makes fun even out of that. At the
fete of Saint Catherine on November
25 each year, “midinettes” who have
reached their 25th year and pass into
the category of “old maids” are feted
by their comrades, and sometimes by
their employers. It is one of the mer-
riest fetes of the year in Paris.
The milliners of Paris, benefitting
from the success of the sewing girls’
strike; gained their point in less than
half the time. The “trimmers,” the
best paid employees in this trade,
earned before the strike $16 a month
in the retail trade. Hereafter they
will receive about $6 a month more.
The victims of “sweatshops” also
benefit from the new schedule.
|
i
¥0 THE FOOD ADMINISTRATOR,
WASHINGTON, D. C.
I AM GLAD TO JOIN YOU IN THE SERVICE OF FOOD CONSERVATION FOR OUR
INISTRATION, PLEDGING MYSELF TO CARRY OUT THE DIRECTIONS AND ADVICE
Eins AND I HEREBY ACCEPT MEMBERSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES FOOD AD-
F THE FOOD ADMINISTRATOR IN THE CONDUCT OF MY HOUSEHOLD, INSOFAR AS
MY CIRCUMSTANCES PERMIT.
Name. ..cesneverscrssssesrssscess
Address
Number in Household. ....coomesass sss
Occupation of Breadwinner....
1
ssesssscscbiacon.
tesreccssseessesansns vescen sssnae’
cesarean sssssssssane essen
Will vou take part in authorized neighborhood movements
for 1008 CONEEIVAION?. icoresseises i srsvsn aie
There are no fees or dues to be paid. The Food Administration wishes to have
ps members all of those actually handling food in the home.
: DIRECTIONS
ver or mail this Pleige to your local Comittee of Public Satety or Food Supply Department, 1426
ena Square.
hung in your window.
elphia, and you will receive FREE your first instructions and a household tag to be
T0 ENLIST EVERY WOMAN
IN HOOVER'S FOND-SAVING ARMY
Every woman in the state of Penn-
Shen will be asked to join a food-
saving army. Each woman is to be
an enlisted “soldier” for Uncle Sam
and the allies. The commander who
will direct this army is Herbert C.
Hoover, the man who fed Belgium,
and now Food Administrator at Wash-
ington, D. C.
The enrollment will be conducted
by means of pledge cards similar to
the one reproduced above. Read it
carefully. Every housekeeper in Penn-
sylvania will receive one and will be
expected to sign it before July 15 in
testimony that full support will be
given to the food conservation plan.
Every woman in the household is to
sign this pledge whether a member of
the family or an employe. :
In addition to the million and a halt
Pennsylvania “soldiers,” Ms. Hcover
will direct more than eighteen million
other women “soldiers” who are to
be similarly recruited from the other
states and territories. Each woman
“soldier” will be assigned to the sec-
ond line of defense to fight the waste
of food. ; ;
Mr. Heover's position with respect
to those who enlist will be less that of
a general than that of an adviser, who
suggests ways by which waste may be
avoided. Enrollment compels no on®
to any course of action beyond convic-
tion of duty. Each member of this ar-
my will do as much of what Mr. Hoov-
er advises as her circumstances war-
rant, and her judgment dictates. In
other words, all co-operation, even
after enrollment, will be voluntary.
In connection with the activities of
a food-saving army, President Wilson
said:
“To provide adequate food supplies
for the coming year is of absolutely
vital importance to the conduct of the
war. Without a very conscientious
elimination of waste and a yery strict
economy in our food consumption we
cannot hope to fulfill this primary
duty and in no othar direction can wo-
men so greatly assist as by enlisting
in the service of the food administra-
tion and cheerfully accepting its di-
rection and advice.”
Mr. Hoover has appointed as re-
cruiting officer for the state of Penn-
sylvania, Howard Heinz, Director o.
the Food Supply Department of the
Committee of Public Safety. Mr.
Heinz has asked the co-operation of
the seventy local Public Safety Com-
mittees in various parts of the state
in enlisting the housekeepers. Other
agencies will also aid in the distribu-
tion of 1,500,000 pledge cards through-
out the state. Dr. Nathan S. Schael-
fer, State Superintendent of Schools,
has written every county superinten-
dent of schools in the state, strongly
recommending the co-operation of local
Shon) boards in the work of registra-
ion.
Women’s National Council of De-
fense and other women’s organizations,
Red Cross, Boy Scouts and civic and
religious bodies “have been asked to
assist in making the registration com-
plete.
Each card when signed will be for-
warded by the local committees to
Mr. Hoover, in Washington. The name
of each signer will be recorded. Spe-
cific instructions will from time to
time be forwarded from Mr. Hoover.
Household tags which will serve as
badges of enlistment to be displayed
in windows will be furnished.
The slogan of the army is “Feed the
allies out of what we save.” Ninety
per cent of the food consumed in the
United States goes .through the hands
of women, and they may best “serve
by saving.” 5
If you do not receive a personal in-
vitation to sign, consider t your in-
vitation and ask your local Public
Safety Committee for a card, or sign
the form at the head of this article and
mail it to your local Committee of
Public Safety, or to the Foed Supply
Department, 1426 South Penn Square,
Philadelphia.
CHAUTAUQUA LECTURES.
Some of the Good Things to be Pre-
sented This Year.
Two vital questions of the day will
be dealt with at cur Bellefonte Chau-
tauqua this year, July 25th to 31st in-
clugive. The first is the European
war. On the first night Peter Mac-
Queen will give an illustrated lecture
on conditions as they exist in the
trenches of Furope. P. M. MacQueen
saw service as a war cerrespondent in
he Spanish war and the Boer war,
and was in the trenches of France for
several months. He will bring piec-
tures which he took himself of the
Furonean war, and first hand knowl-
edge of modern warfare, of which we
cannot conceive.
On the fifth night of the week, the
Hon. Percy Alden, M. P., of London,
will present to the Bellefonte auai-
ence the view point of an English
statesman upon the reconstruction of
Europe after the war. The “Future
of Europe,” is a subject of paramount
interest to all American citizens and
we are to have the opportunity” of
listening to a Legislator from the
House of Commons of Great Britain. '
Mr. Alden has already begun his tour
of the Chautauqua circuit after suec-
cessfully dodging submarines in cross-
ing the ocean. Everywhere he has
been the man and his messages have
been enthusiastically received.
The second vital national question
to be presented at the Bellefonte
Chautauqua is the one of public
health. Dr. Carolyn Geisel, of Battle
Creek, Michigan, who ranks with
Jane Addams, Ida Tarbell, Dr. Anna
H. Shaw, and others of America’s
great modern women, will present the
theme, “How to Live One Hundred
Years.” She will bring a message of
strength and appeal to all who hear
her, and will be ready to answer ques-
tions in a conference in the tent imme-
diately after her lecture. She is a
great woman, already known to many
Bellefonte folks, and brings an in-
spiring message.
Dr. Frank Dixon, who “knocks the
spots off his brother Tom’s leopard,”
will also present another phase of the
public health question. His lecture
entitled, “Uncle Sam M. D.,” brings
out the public and national responsi-
bility in health matters. This Eu-
ropean war may be settled by ques-
tions of health, hygiene and resist-
ance to disease. Dr. Dixon will ex-
plain our national duty.
Bellefonte is also fortunate to have
Rev. Edward F. Miller, of Keene, N.
H., as platform superintendent. He
is a member of the New Hampshire
Legislature and a Methodist, preacher,
a rare combination; and brings ideas
hound to interest Bellefonte.
If you have not yet purchased a sea-
son ticket you should do so without
delay, as the time limit is fast draw-
ing nigh.
The German mauser can fire
faster than any other rifle used in the
war. The magazine holds five cart-
ridges, packed in charges.
——7For high class Job Work come
to the “Watchman” Office.
RED CROSS!
Have You Done Your Share?
Do not fail to help in this great
work. Send a contribution to
Chas. M. McCurdy, Treasurer,
Bellefonte, Pa.
The First National Bank,
59-1-1y
BELLEFONTE, PA.
oe
EVERYTHING * ier” |
All the goods we advertise here are selling at prices prevailing
this time last seascu.
MINCE MEAT.
We are now making our MINCE MEAT and keeping it fully up to our
usual high standard; nothing cut out or cut short and are selling it at our
former price of 15 Cents Per Pound.
Fine Celery, Oranges, Grape Fruit, Apricots, Peaches, Prunes, Spices,
Breakfast Foods, Extracts, Baking Powders, Soda, Cornstarch. The whole
line of Washing Powders, Starches, Blueing and many other articles are
selling at the usual prices.
COFFEES, TEAS AND RICE.
On our Fine Coffees at 25c¢, 28¢, 30c, 35¢ and 40c, there has been no change
in price on quality of goods and no change in the price of TEAS. Rice has
not advanced in price and can be used largely as a substitute for potatoes.
All of these goods are costing us more than formerly but we are doing our
best to Hold Down the Lid on high prices, hoping for a more favorable
market in the near future.
LET US HAVE YOUR ORDER
and we will give you FINE GROCERIES at reasonable prices and give
you good service.
SECHLER & COMPANY,
Bush House Block, - 57-1 : : .
Bellefonte, Pa.
Come to the “Watchman” office for High Class Job work.
“np
Shoew.
{EAGER SHOE STORE
HALF PRICE
$6 Shoes for $3
On Sale Now.
Ladies White Kid, Cham-
pagne Kid and Ivory Kid
Pumps, Colonials and
Oxfords.
This is an opportunity to purchase the very latest
styles in the very latest shades of color at just half
price. If you are in need of a pair of good quality of
Low Shoes, at a price less than the cost of the very
cheapest shoddy kind, you had better purchase quick,
as these shoes at such low prices will not last long.
$6.00 White Kid Pumps now $3.00
$6.00 White Kid Oxfords now $3.00.
$6.00 Ivory Kid Colonials now $3.00.
$6.00 Champagne Kid Oxfords now $3.00
Shoes.
YEAGER'S,
The Shoe Store for the Poor Man.
58-27
Bush Arcade Bldg. BELLEFONTE, PA.
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Sentinels of the Home!
There is a deal of talk on preparedness.
ARE YOU PREPARED? This world is full of vicissitudes. You may
be in the best of health today, with fine prospects in business. There may
come a siege of illness. There may come a loss ef position. Be prepared.
Start a bank account.
Oven Your Account With Us
THE CENTRE COUNTY BANK,
BELLEFONTE