Bellefonte, Pa., March 16, 1917.
m——
SC ENANANANININS IN INS AISA AS AS SASSI
pt III IO TOI III IOI IIIS
~
Health and Happiness 3
nde: these head lines will be contin- i$
ued a series of articles begun November WN
10. They have been compiled and edit-
SAN IANTAINYN 3 IY NY SY NA
ZNSENEN
thought on subjects affecting our person- zu
al well-being. 5
Number 15.
INFANTILE PARALYSIS, HAY FE- i
VER, CANCER.
(Items of interest from the last Annual
Convocation of The American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science.)
In an address on “Infantile Paraly-
sis and the Public Health,” Dr. Simon
Flexner, director of the Rockefeller
Institute for Medical Research, de-
clared that he was “more or less fear-
ful that infantile paralysis may be
‘more wide-spread in the United States
next summer, but there may be, per-
haps, not so much of it in the East-
ern States.” Dr. Flexner asserted
that it now was possible to say that
the disease was infectious and conta-
gious and caused by a living micro-
organism.
4] pelieve that the disease is here
to stay for a period,” he told the sci-
entists. “It has never disappeared
since its introduction here in 1906.
The indications are that the communi-
ty that suffers severely one year may
escape the next. Prior to 1906 this
disease established an epidemic home |
in northern Europe. In 1906 some-
thing happened to change this. That
year the disease migrated and came
here and at the same time extended
over European countries which had
prior to that been free of it. It isthe
first time in the history of any dis-
ease that an epidemic has circumnav-
igated the globe.
“One of the puzzles of this disease
is that the term ‘infant paralysis’ is
not correct. It is a misnomer because
the disease can appear without any
paralysis whatever resulting. Paraly-
sis is merely an incident of the dis-
ease. During the recent epidemic
more persons had it and were not
paralyzed than had it and were par-
alyzed.” :
TALK OF TUBERCULOSIS
FEVER.
Addressing the American Anthro-
pological Association, Dr. Harley
Stamp, of the University of Pennsyl-
vania, explained a new diagnosis of
early evidences of tuberculosis by
blood pressure. By this method, he
declared, traces of tuberculosis could
be detected some times four years in
advance of methods previously used.
In an address on “Medical Engi-
neering,” Dr. P. A. Maignen, of Phil-
adelphia, asserted that hay fever is
not a blood or tissue disease, but is
caused by the presence in the respira-
tory tract of very large germs.
“These germs,” he said, “have sev-
eral stages of existence, latent and
active. They grow and multiply in
some cases in May and June, and in
other persons in August. At the ap-
pointed time their number and activi-
ty become so great that they block
the air passages entirely and nature
revolts against their presence, hence
sneezing and coughing, without which
the patient would choke to death.”
“The hay fever germs cannot enter
the circulation. They are too big.
They are very much larger than the
blood cells. What then is the use of
injecting something into the blood fo
neutralize something that is ‘not
there? The only proper way of deal-
ing with hay fever is to get rid of
the germs by destroying them in the
respiratory tract or expelling them
therefrom.”
WARNING TO TOBACCO USERS.
A warning to tobacco users against
the peril of cancer was given by Dr.
Joseph C. Bloodgood, of Johns Hop-
kins University, in a symposium on
diseases. “Tobacco users,” he said,
“are more subject to cancer than
those who do not use it.”
Dr. James Ewing, of Cornell Uni-
versity Medical School, said that al-
though radium has produced ‘very
important palliative results in advanc-
ed cases of cancer, and has even, in a
considerable number of cases, ap-
parently caused a complete disappear-
ance of the disease, yet it cannot be
relied upon to effect a permanent cure
in the last stages of inoperable
cases.”
AND HAY
DR. GREELY’'S SPECULATIONS CON-
CERNING INFANTILE PARALYSIS.
Dr. Horace Greely, of Brooklyn,
writing in The Medical Record (New
York, January 13) is inclined to think
that the curious history of the epi-
demic of poliomyelitis or infantile
paralysis may be better explained if
we adopt the hypothesis that it is
caused by a group or family of organ-
isms. He says:
“If certain cases were contracted
from the lower animals, it would ex-
plain such occurrences as coincident
or prior epidemics of distemper (as
reported from Alaska by Pierson,) or
of extensive paralytic disease of
fowls, as occurred in the Washington
epidemic and as has been repo in
connection with the Westphalia (Ger-
many) and various Scandinavian out-
breaks. This would also help to ex-
plain the rural sporadic cases and the
greater number of males, especially
among adults, that it attacks when
prevailing in the country. This was
notable in the Iowa epidemic, as re-
ported by Frost.
“The ready growth of the organism
in milk and its resistance to heat
would render it easily possible for cer-
tain cases of the disease to be caused
by infection carried in this medium.
It is evident that pasteurization would
not protect. However, for milk to be
directly held responsible for many
cases, we might have to incriminate
the cow as a potential ‘carrier’ of the
germ.
“In connection with the readiness
with which the germ grows at ordi-
nary summer temperature ("70 degrees
Fahr. and over) and the striking ef-
fect on-coming cool weather has had
upon all epidemics, one cannot avoid
the conclusion that multiplication of
the organism as a saprophyte (organ-
ed with a view to progressive study and 5 |
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{ pects
ism that lives on dead organic mat-
ter,) must take place and be of main
importance in the spread of the dis-
ease.
«The remarkable way in which the
spread of the malady is affected by
m==m====—= | the atmospheric temperature; the ex-
SEewRREs | periments detailed in reference to the
% | growth of the organism at tempera-
tures known to prevail when the dis-
ease is at its height, and its ready
growth in milk and resistance to the
pasteurization process, together with
the case incidence among the children
of milk-drinking age, all strongly in-
dicate that milk may be a very im-
portant factor in the spread of polio-
myelitis.”
aa———————
What Makes Paper High?
The wood pulp importations into
the United States would not and do
not supply the paper manufacturers of
the country, yet, taken alone, their vol-
ume in pounds would seem sufficient
to provide newspaper and book paper,
not merely for a single nation, but for
the world. That is to say, the wood
pulp imported into the United States
during the fiscal year ended June 30,
last, weighed more than a billion
pounds, or ten pounds for every ran,
woman and child in the country. More
than two-thirds of this material was
supplied by the Dominion of Canada,
while the greater part of the remain-
der came from Norway and Sweden.
Many causes contributed to the re-
duction of the output aud importa-
tions of wood pulp for the year 1915-
16 by about 180,000,000 pounds, and
these are, in almost every case, trace-
able in the war. Principal among
them are shortage of labor in the
wood pulp producing countries, and
inadequate and expensive transpor-
tation facilities.
In a thousand ways, since the con-
flict began its consequences have been
brought home to individuals and to
families in the remotest parts of the
earth. The results are felt in the
forest solitudes of Canada, in the
great pampas tracts of Argentina, in
the isolated hamlet of the Australian
hinterland and in the bustling indus-
trial cities of the United States, and
wherever they are felt they impress
upon the thought of man the fact that
no race, no nation, no community can
live unto itself alone without sink-
ing into degeneracy. A bit of the
pulp ground from the tree in Norway,
Sweden or Canada becomes a news-
paper, and the newspaper, with its
message or information, returns per-
! haps to the cabin of the woodsman, or
to the worker in the pulp or paper
mill, or perhaps it is sent around the
world, or from reader to reader, until
it finds its way into the trenches of
contending hosts.
Whenever it is written that paper
is scarce or high, that its consump-
tion must be reduced, that newspa-
pers must cut down in size, that there
is a threatened famine in the supply
of one of the most essential products
of the age, he who looks below the
surface discovers, in the backwoods
of Quebec or Ontario, pathetic as-
of the present vast tragedy, for
somewhere there will be found the
lumber camps abandoned, the axes
thrown aside, the deserted little gar-
dens in the settlement that ceased to
be when, with the winds from over
the sea, came the call, “The King
Deeds you, and he needs you now.” —
x.
Predicts Movies in Colors.
One of the pioneers of advanced
photographic processes in this coun-
try, Frederick Ives,
gave the New England Photogra-
pher’s association information that
color photography promises to do
away with black and white moving
pictures— that the processes of color
photography may without doubt be
applied successfully to the films. Mr.
Ives certainly stated a fact when he
said that the public will care nothing
for black and white movies when it
can have colors in their native truth
and beauty; but it is also true that
good black and white pictures are bet-
ter than poor color photography—noz
merely replicas in color or prints in
color on paper, but the direct repro-
duction of nature on the plate—Mr.
Ives seems to go too far in saying
that it is a thing that “anybody can
do.” No doubt he means by this that
anybody who has the skill, time, zeal
and money to devote to it can accom-
plish it. The process of direct color
photography still remains, in practice
a thing of the. single plate impres-
sion, it cannot yet be duplicated or
printed in its exactness, and conse-
quently is a much more expensive
thing than ordinary photography.
The natural color film, when achiev-
ed, will certainly be a wonderful, de-
lightful thing. It will give us the
whole lovely world on the screen. But
it is as yet a thing to be accomplished.
Se ————
How Clouds are Colored.
The color of a cloud depends on the
manner in which the sunlight falls
upon it and the position of the obser-
ver. It will be noticed that high
clouds are always white or light in
color, and this is because the light by
which they are seen is reflected from
the under surface by the numberless
drops of moisture which go to form
the clouds. Heavy rain clouds on the
other hand, are found much nearer
the earth, and so the light falls on
them more directly from above, giv-
ing a silver lining to the clouds,
though the under surface appears
black, owing to the complete reflec-
tion and absorption of the light by
the upper layers. Seen from above
by an observer in a balloon the black-
est rain clouds appear of the most
dazzling brilliant white.
———————————————
Warned.
“Robert,” said his teacher, sternly,
“you are incorrigible. 1 shall certain-
ly have to ask your father to come
and see me.”
“Better do that, teacher,” respond-
ed the youngster; “pop charges $2 a
visit.”—Boston Transcript.
a ————
What the Music Did.
icine
From the Boone (Iowa) News-Republican.
Following the musical propre
Mrs. J. T. Brown read an article on
“Personal Devils.” Seventeen were
present.
of Philadelphia, | ©
Roads in China.
Eevery Chinese road is a forced
contribution on the part of individu-
al Chinamen to the public welfare.
But nothing on earth is of so little
interest to a Chinaman as public wel-
fare. That he should be compelled to
make any contribution to it is ex-
tremely galling to him. Add to that
the fact that the road is made across
his land is still counted as part of his
land when it comes to paying taxes,
and you may form some idea of the
reluctance with which the Chinese
landowner gives up his portion of the
public highway. The very sight of
neighbors and strangers making use
of that strip of land brings the bitter-
est resentment to his bosem.
In order to lose as little soil as pos-
sible, he puts the road at the end of
his field, where the adjoining owner
must share one-half of the public do-
nation with him. But his neighbor’s
land may not be the same length as
his, so that the two pieces of road do
not fit together well. Chinese high-
ways have a wonderful tendency to
zigzag.
The road is the exact width of the
Chinese vehicle. It is true that carts
must meet somewhere, but for such
inevitable meetings no provision is
made, in such cases the driver must
turn out on the planted field. To pre-
vent that, the owner has cut a ditch
alongside the road, as deep and as
steep as gas-main ditches in our cities.
The driver on the road can neither
turn out for the driver he meets; nor
can he pass under or over him. Just
how the two will pass is one of the
many Chinese puzzles, which the
landowner does not think that it is
his business to work out.
Constant travel over this road caus-
es dust, which is blown across the
near-by fields, and tramples the sur-
face of the way down hard. Both
causes lower the road perceptibly. As
soon as the rains begin and the land
has received its full of water, the re-
maining moisture seeks the lowest
level—which is the road. But one
road is still lower than another, so
that the water flows in the direction
of the lower “highways.” The high-
er roads form creeks, and the lower
ones collect the water into lakes. In
any case, travel is out of the question
during the rainy season.
The action of the flowing water is
not favorable to the roadbed. The
water tears away the loose soil and
cuts great gaps in the path. Gradual-
ly the roadbeds become well-nigh im-
passable.
The farmer does not trouble him-
self about the uneven road; he is con-
cerned with his field. In case some
soil has been carried away by the
water, he digs into the road and
throws whatever soil he can get back
into his field. It sometimes happens
that a roadbed is lowered as much as
one foot during a single year. Next
year’s rains will work still worse hav-
oc; but why should the farmer worry ?
Public welfare is concerned, not he.
If folks wish to travel by a better
road, they may look for one.
The obvious suggestion that roads
be built higher than the fields falls on
deaf ears.” One farmer could not do
it by himself. To find two farmers
agreeing on this one issue would be
too much to expect in China. As for
the traveling public, not one of them
would raise a finger to encourage the
farmer; that would help too many
other people. The municipal govern-
ment on its part has enough to do
keeping the imperial highway in or-
der; rural roads are none of its con-
ern.
Should the Chinese villager come to
see some day that the welfare of
the many is the welfare also of the
few, and that service is worth while
according to the benefit it affords oth-
ers, these troubles will doubtless have
an end. Meanwhile traveling in the
land of Confucius is, not a pleasure,
but a penance.—Youth’s Companion.
ee rm—
When Eggs Were High.
“What's the use of buying dia-
monds. They are just small pebbles.
You can’t eat them or get any real
good from them.”
“But they show you are wealthy.”
“You can get the same result by
having egg on the chin. And you
have the satisfaction of eating the
eggs, as wel »_Louisville Courier-
Journal.
As to the Spanols.
Among the Jews of various origins
that inhabit New York city, there is
one race, numbering about fifteen
thousand, whose members are of a
type quite distinct from all others.
They are known as “Spanols,” and
are the descendants of the Jews who
were expelled from Spain during the
reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, and
who found refuge in the Turkish do-
minions. They have almost nothing
in common with their coreligionists;
even their religion has forms and cer-
emonials peculiar to itself. They
speak a strange tongue, and their
manners, customs, and traditions are
Oriental rather than Semitic.
“Physically, they are a fine race,”
says a writer in the New York “Sun,”
“put in the centuries since their ex-
pulsion they have not kept pace in-
tellectually with their brethren in oth-
er countries. That is not because they
lack natural quickness, for they are a
shrewd and quick-witted people, but
because they have no facilities for
education in the land from which they
came.
“Since their immigration into this
country, five years ago, they have
been little affected by American influ-
ences. They still remain strangers in
a strange land, even to their core-
ligionists, whose Yiddish they cannot
understand and whose ways are for-
eign to them. They have, perhaps, a
closer kinship with the peoples of Lat-
in America, whose language resem-
bles their own, and for whom they
ara often mistaken. Ther language,
which is called ‘Ladion,’ is probably
more like Mexican than the Spanish
of today, but its alphabetic characters
are Hebraic. A newspaper in that
tongue, called America, is published
in New York city.
“The Spanols have acquired many
of the traits of the Turk from long
association with him, and, in accord-
ance with the principles of the Koran,
refrain from drinking alcoholic lig-
uors. Their beverage is coffee, and
they sit for hours in the coffee houses
and chatter incessantly amid clouds
of Turkish tobacco smoke. Like the
Turk, too, they have occasional fits
of indolence. Like him, too, they are
very hospitable.”
Mining Timber.
You know all about mining, or, at
least, you know the sort of things
that are obtained from the depths of
the earth, such as gold, iron, coal,
salt and precious stones. Did you
ever hear of mining timber? The
chances are that you did not, and yet
there was a time when the mining of
white cedar was one of the most im-
portant industries of New Jersey.
Those who delved in the swampy
earth in pursuit of great and perfect-
ly preserved logs were not compelled
to dig deep pits, for the trunks of
those prehistoric trees were seldom
more than fifteen feet below the sur-
face. Many of the logs were as much
as six feet in diameter, and one was
found with 1,080 annual rings. Be-
neath this tree, which had flourished
in its native forests for more than a
thousand years, there was dug up |
another tree of an even earlier forest
with more than 500 rings.
New Jersey is by no means the on-
ly State in the Union or the only
part of the world where prehistoric
trees are to be found so perfectly pre-
served that even their characteristic
odor is retained. Near Salem, 0. a
large quantity of timber was dug up
at a depth of forty feet, the trees in-
cased in a thick layer of glacial mud,
and it is nothing uncommon in eastern
Michigan for the diggers of wells to
encounter tree trunks sixty feet down
in the soft earth. The wood thus ob-
tained is the best wood to be had, es-
pecially for the cabinet work. In
Germany it has long been the custom
to dredge the deep bed of the Rhine
for ancient logs, out of which the
cases of the finest toned pianos are
constructed. —Ex.
A Different Matter.
Near-sighted Woman—“The boy
that is worrying that cat ought to be
thrashed within an inch of his life.”
Servant—“It’s your boy, ma'am.”
“My boy! Tell him that if he will
stop I'll give him a piece of cake.”
camer ore
—_If you find it in the “Watch-
man” it’s true.
With the first blush of Spring
comes the moving season.
Don’t
forget that it's impossible for the
telephone company to move every-
one at once!
insure your
If you're planning a change, call
the Business
weeks before vacating and let us
know your new address. That will
Office at least two
telephone being in
service there when you arrive.
'
re THE BELL TELEPHONE
LH COMPANY OF
If W. S. MALLALIEU
y= | Local Mgr.
Yay} BELLEFONTE. PA.
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AUBLFE’
SNAPPY
NEW CLOTHES
FOR SPRING
ARE HERE.
HATS,
SHIRTS,
NECKWEAR.
NEW THINGS
THAT WILL
PLEASE YOU
NOW READY
AT
FAUBLE’S.
Allegheny St. BELLEFONTE, PA.
58-4
"LYON @ COMPANY.
COATS
COAT SUITS
The largest showing and exclusive styles for
Spring. We are showing the most up-to-date
styles in Coats for Ladies and Misses in fine
Velours, Wool Jerseys, Poiret Twills, Plaids
and Checks. High Colorings will be most
popular this Spring. We have a large line of
all the High Colorings and a large assort-
ment of Navy Blue and Black.
Low Prices A Special Feature.
Ladies and Misses Suits
in all the new Colorings and new shaped Pock-
ets, with latest lengths in Coats. Some Belt-
ed and Box Plaited and others in Mannish ef-
fects in Rose, Emerald, Majenta, Gold, New
Blue, Navy and Black.
Rugs, Carpets and Linoleumns.
We are showing the largest assortment of
Rugs in the new Spring Colorings. Tapes-
try, Brussels, Velvets, Waltons, Axminsters.
Linoleumns in all the new Shades. Also a
full line of Rag and Ingrain Carpets.
Lyon & Co. -- Bellefonte.