-—
Dewalt,
Belletonte, Pa., July 21, 1916 |
se mots
i
A Short Story of the English Lan- |
guage. |
Did you ever wonder where the
English language came from? It
came from England, of course, to the
United States; but where did it be-
gin? .
When Caesar went to Britain, in
55 B. C. (and that is the first time
that we hear of the Britons in histo-
ry,) there was no such thing as the
English language. No; it is only
about 1200 years old, says a writer
in an old number of “St. Nicholas.”
And for the first hundred years or
so it was a baby language. For it
did not grow to look and sound at all
as it does now until after 1000 A. D.
But where and when was it born?
The Romans, from Caesar's time
on, ruled a large part of Europe.
Spain and Portugal and France are
still called “Latin” countries, as well
as Italy, because in all these regions
the Latin race and the Latin lan-
guage became supreme.
Not so with England. In the fifth
century the Roman soldiers gave it
up and left Britain. The people had
adopted some of the Latin words,
but the language of the natives was
old Celtic. This, however, was not
the mother-tongue of English; the
modern forms of Celtic are Scotch-
Gaelie, Irish, Welsh, Manx. ;
Nojour English is the child neither
of the Latin nor of the Celtic, but is
descended from an ancient Germanic
language brought to Britain in the
fifth and sixth centuries by some
tribes from the shores of the Baltic
sea—the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.
The dialects of these tribes were
much alike, and were gradually
woven into one language, called An-
glo-Saxon at first, and afterward
Old English (from the most power-
ful tribe—the Angles.) :
But surely, when we study Latin
and French, we find a large number
of words that look like English
words of the same meaning. Where
did these come from? English has
always been a great borrower; and
just as England has colonies all over
the world, so that ‘the sun never
sets” on the King’s dominions, so
English has words taken from all
languages.
We have noticed that some of the
Roman soldiers’ words were left in
common use among the Britons of
the fifth century; these were adopt-
ed, in turn, by the Anglo-Saxons;
and as the Romans said strata via
for a paved way, so the Anglo-Sax-
ons said street, and we say street. I
wonder if Caesar would recognize
the word. In 597 some Christian
missionaries went over from Rome,
and many more Latin words were
adopted by the Saxons—“church,”
“psalm;” also words for plants and
animals—*“lily,” “pea,” “lobster,”
“trout.”
In the ninth century the Danes in-
vaded England, and left some of
their words.
In the eleventh and twelfth centu-
ries France and England were close-
ly united, the English king and court
being for a long time Norman-
French; and English then adopted a
multitude of French words, which, in
their beginning, had been, most of
them, Latin.
And since that time English has
been taking words from Greek and
Latin, from French, Spanish, and
Italian, from German, Dutch, Rus-
sian—even from Hebrew, Persian,
Arabic, Turkish, and North Ameri-
can Indian.
For example, when we say
“Amen” at the end of a prayer, we
are using a word taken straight
from the ancient Hebrews.
When we say “telescope,” we are
using the words a Greek boy might
have used 2000 years ago: “Tele
skopeo”—“I see at a distance.”
When we call a certain study “geog-
raphy,” we are putting together two
words that to the Greek boy meant
“writing of the earth.” When we
name a certain formation of land a
“peninsula,” we take two Latin
words for “almost an island.”
When we sty “boudoir,” ‘we use an
old French word that meant a place
to go and “pout” in. And if we call
a certain little animal a “squirrel,”
we are speaking, also with the old
Greeks, of a little creature “sitting
in the shadow of its tail.”
Ought we not to remember always
that even for our language we owe
so much to those that have lived be-
fore ourselves—some in distant
countries, and many in the far-off
centuries, even before “history” be-
gins?
A Suggestion for Summer.
Those who would like some light
“pick-up” work for the porch during
the summer and at the same time
feel that they were working for hu-
manity, might learn to knit eye
bandages for the wounded soldiers
in the European hospitals, and for
our own, should necessity arise.
These are simply made and are con-
sidered one of the most useful arti-
cles of the surgical dressings kit.
They are made of Dexter cotton, No.
6, on fair sized steel needles. Twelve
stitches are cast on first and a
straight strip knitted of about nine
inches. Then the pattern expands to
25 stitches gradually, and at 12
stitches, which is continued for four
inches. This fits over the wounded
eye and the strip pins around the
head, fastening on one side above
the ear. In the European hospitals
they are considered invaluable, and
the cotton washes well. The Nation-
al Surgical Dressings Committee,
299 Fifth avenue, New York, will be
grateful for as many eye bandages
as may be sent.
Packing for Vacation.
“Jack?”
“Yes 9%
“Cant you bring some fat
friend home to dinner? I positively
must have some heavyweight to sit
on my trunk.”—Life.
FARM NOTES.
—In changing the location of
plants from one place to another,
they will stand a greater chance for
thrifty growing if the earth around
the roots remains undisturbed. This
can be accomplished by digging a
{trench around the plant and binding
the earth together with a piece of
ordinary wire window screen. This
screening must reach down as far as
the ends of the roots. Cord wrapped
around the screen will hold the earth
in a compact mass.
—During July a close watch
should be kept for wilted tips of the
raspberries. When carefully exam-
ined, these wilted tips may be found
to have two rows of punctures about
an inch or two apart completely cir-
cling the shoot a few inches below
the top. When these signs are dis-
covered, it is important to cut all
such a few inches below the points of
the punctures and burn, which will
greatly assist in the control of the
raspberry cane-borer.—From the
Philadelphia “Record.”
—The “Farmer’s Cyclopedia of
Agriculture” says crude-carbolic ae-
id, one pint to four gallons of water,
is effective in destroying weeds in
gravel walks,’ drives and similar
places. Arsenate of soda (one
pound in four or eight gallons of
water,) may also be used for the
same purpose. Salt applied at the
rate of 12 to 18 pounds per square
rod, or one to one and a half tons per
acre, will destroy the orange hawk-
weed, and may also be used to kill
weeds in sidewalks. It should be
applied dry, and in dry weather, by
scattering broadcast in a uniform
manner.
—Summer Care of Grapes. The
new growths which develop from the
ground should be pinched back to
about two feet. The main thing to
do, however, is to prune out the old
canes which have just borne fruit.
These canes which developed last
yedr, and fruited this season, have
finished their usefulness, and should
be destroyed, that room may be
available for the new shoots.
Old canes are not only in the way
of the new ones which are develop-
ing, but frequently they are the
source of infection of the new canes
by both insect and disease troubles.
The prunings should at: once be
burned.
—By the ripening of cream is
meant the changes it undergoes
from time of separation until it is
added to the churn. Upon these
changes depends very largely the
quality of butter as regards texture
and flavor. The temperature at
which cream is held determines the
firmness or texture, while the flavor
is dependent upon the by-products
from the bacteria growth. The pur-
pose of ripening cream is fundamen-
tally that of giving the butter the
desired flavor and aroma, but in ad-
dition it increases the ease and effi-
ciency of churning. Cream is ripen-
ed in one of two ways. First, it
sours or ripens asa result of the
action of the bacteria which are nor-
mally present in milk and cream; or,
second, it ripens as a result of ac-
tion of certain kinds of bacteria
which are added in what is termed a
“starter.”
—The man who puts on the mar-
ket inferior fruit does an injury to
both himself and the fruit business.
Fruit can be too large for the mar-
ket, but it seldom is. Thinning is
the only recipe for large, plump,
high-colored, juicy fruit. A crate of
little peaches never brings as much
as a crate of big ones. So it pays to
reduce the number of crates by thin-
ning, if the quality is hereby much
improved. Often, however, there
will be just as many crates as there
would have been if no thinning had
been done. Sometimes there will
actually be more. The large fruits
are more cheaply picked, packed and
handled. Thinning saves the fertili-
ty of the orchard. Not very much
fertility is taken away in the pulp,
but the seeds draw heavily on it. In
other words, the man who thins
takes off more good fruit, gets more
money, and removes less fertility
from the orchard. He also saves his
trees from exhaustion.
—Brood sows generally suffer
from over-feeding rather than from
under-feeding. An abundance of fat
is the worst enemy of the litter.
Sows that are to raise pigs in the
spring should be taken away from
the rest of the hogs and fed a differ-
ent ration. The following three ra-
tions are recommended: (1) One
part high-grade tankage, 12 parts
corn; (2) skim milk or buttermilk
and corn, using three parts of the
milk to one part of corn; (3) wheat
and shorts. Whichever one of these
rations is used, a rack containing al-
falfa should be so placed that the
hogs have free access to the hay at
all times. In addition the sows
should be supplied with minerals. It
is a good plan to dump the wood and
coal ashes in the lot where the sows
run. A mixture composed of a bas-
ket of charcoal, five pounds of salt,
five poundes of air-slaked lime and
two pounds of sulphur will give
good results if kept easily available.
—The strawberry plants set this
spring are now sending out new run-
ners, which will develop new plants.
These in turn will send out more
runners, and by fall the rows will be
so thickly set with plants, unless re-
stricted, that small berries will be
harvested next season.
The varieties mainly cultivated in
this country are propagated from
the runners.
as a rule, the strongest and best for
early planting, but those that are
formed later in the season are equal-
ly as good when they reach the same
size or age.
To insure the rooting of runners,
the surface of the soil should be kept
loose and open, and if ‘the weather is
very dry at the time they are form-
ing, it is well to go over the beds and
cover the new roots as they are pro-
duced.
When only a few very large and
strong plants are wanted, it is well
to pinch off the runners just beyond
the first plant, that this may become
strong and vigorous.
ming, tennis,
The first produced are]:
Centre County Y. W. C. A. Notes.
Centre county hopes to have a
large number of delegates at Camp
Nepahwin, Canton, Pa., during
County Week, August 5-12. This is
open to any girls whether members
of the Y. W. C. A. or not. Some of
the attractions are boating, swim-
bowling, hikes and
drives, hay rides, ete. During this
week there will be canning demon-
strations, story hours around the
camp fire, Bible study and vespers
of special interest to county girls.
Camp Nepahwin is an ideal spot in
which to spend a vacation. It is sit-
uated among the hills about thirty
miles north of Williamsport, and has
a lake, swimming pool, and many
other attractions. The cost for
room, board, ete., for the week is
$5.00; registration fee, 75 cents.
Responsible persons are present to
see that the girls are well cared for.
The county Y. W. C. A. secretary
will be glad to correspond with any-
one interested. (Address, M. Hiller,
State College, Pa.)
Any girls in Centre county who
are interested in Y. W. C. A. work
or in clubs of any kind are entitled
to the services of the county secreta-
ry, who will be glad to render any
possible assistance. This includes
any groups of girls, as organized S.
S. classes, camp fire girls, clubs, ete.
as well as individuals, or organized
groups. Girls who are iving too far
away from neighbor girls to form
any kind of group are invited to join
the general county club, which will
carry on its activities to suit such
members. Write to the secretary
about it. (Address as above.)
State College: Arrangements
Th
That brisk, lively tang of a “Bull” Durham ciga-
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the swing of the stroke-oar on the winning crew.
get gimp and go and satisfaction out of your smoke
when you “roll your own” with “Bull” Durham.
GENUINE
‘BuLL DURHAM
SMOKING TOBACCO
Thousands of men say that the first time they ever
smoked a really satisfying cigarette was when they started
rolling their own” with “Bull” Durham.
It's very little trouble to learn how to roll a cigarette of
“Bull” Durham. Just keep trying for ;
a fewtimes and you'll get the knack.
Then you can enjoy to the full that
mellow-sweetflavorand unique aro-
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mostwonderfultobaccointheworld.
have been completed for securing a
house to be occupied by the Associa-
tion next fall. The upstairs rooms
will be rented and the downstairs
used for classes and clubs, reading,
entertaining. friends, and so on.
Boarding may be secur? in the
same house. The girls will be able
to have the use of the dining room
and kitchen for banquets, candy
pulls, parties, and other affairs. The
house is large and airy, with a fine
porch and lawn and is in a splendid
location. Probably a housewarming
will be held before the Association
moves into its new and more ade-
quate quarters.
The Summer Club (State College) |
held its first meeting last Thursday |
evening. The program for the even-
ing was a frolic on the campus.
The regular time for the meeting
was place at 7.45 every Thursday
evening. The program will vary
each week, no one except those in
charge each week knowing just
what is to be done. All the young
women of the town are invited to
join this club. There are no dues
and no particular duties except to
attend and have a good time. Don’t
wear your “best clothes,” and do
wear comfortable shoes, for the
events will, as far as possible, be
held out-of-doors. The club will
meet, rain or shine, for arrange-
ments for shelter have been made in
case of rain. Try to be at the Y. W.
C. A. promptly at 7.45.
Spring Mills: The Spring Mills
Common Weal club is showing the
true community spirit by planning
to oil a certain section of the road
in that vicinity.
Miss Caroline Jones, secretary for
finance and publicity in this field,
has been spending several days in
the county.
Miss Caroline Foresman, county
secretary for this field, visited the
Wahun Annung Common Weal club
at Oak Hall on Saturday, amd was
entertained in the evening by the
True Blue Common Weal club at
Lemont.
You
‘DURHAM |
| Shana
Ly
Apply Business Methods
In Your Home!
A bank account makes for HOUSEHOLD EFFICIENCY AND ECON-
OMY.
When you pay the bills of the grocer, the butcher, the baker by check
you know just how much it costs to run your home,
BESIDES, A CHECK IS A RECEIPT.
If You Haven't a Bank Account
Start One Today
THE CENTRE COUNTY BANK,
BELLEFONTE PA.
56-6
One Hundred and Fifty
Men’s Suits
Light Colors, Pinch Backs and
Extreme, 1916 Models
AT 1-4 OFF
the regular price.
STRAW AND
Panama Hats
At 25 per cent. Reduction
Boy's Suits
(Blue Serges Reserved)
At 1-4 Off
the regular price.
These prices to be in force until
August 1st.
FAUBLE’S,
BELLEFONTE, PENNA.
58-4
Dry Goods, Etc.
LYON & COMPANY.
JULY CLEARANCE SALE
SUMMER STUFFS
Clearance Sale of all Summer Goods throughout
every department regardless of former prices.
Just a few items to show you it is a real
Clearance Sale.
All Voile Dresses that were sold from $5 to $12.00 now
; $1.98.
Ladies’ Coats, all this season’s styles, including fine Mo-
hair Motor Coats, Silk Taffetas, Serges and Gabardins,
values from $15 to $25, now $7.98.
Coat Suits, black, navy blue black and white, check and
silk poplin suits, values from $15 to $35, sale price $7.50
to $14.00.
One table of Voiles, Lawns and Crepes, values from
12% to 35 cents, sale price per yard 8 cents.
Another lot of Summer Wash Goods, values from 25 to
35 cents, sale price 1224 cents per yard
Wash Waists, the largest assortment of colored and
white waists, all this season’s styles, must go at 98 cents
during this sale. Silk Waists that sold at $3.50 and
$3.00, now $2.50. Silk Waists, quality $1.75, now ¢8c.
SHOES. SHOES.
All White Shoes, low and high. All Tan Shoes, low
and high. All Black Shoes, low and high—men’s,
women’s and children’s, at less than cost to manufac-
ture.
Lyon & Co. -.. Bellefonte.