Bellefonte, Pa., July 21, 1916.
A ENN.
The Rise of Hohenzollerns.
The Prussian monarchy, the
youngest of the European States,
sprang from a humble beginning.
About the beginning of the fifteenth
century the Marquisate of Branden-
burg was bestowed by the Emperor
Sigismund on the noble family of
Hohenzollern. In the sixteenth cen-
tury that family embraced the
Lutheran doctrines. Early in the
seventeenth century it obtained
from the King of Poland the inves-
titure of the Duchy of Prussia.
Even after their ascension to this
territory the chiefs of the House of
Hohenzollern hardly ranked with
the Electors of Saxony and Bavaria.
The soil of Bradenburg was
for the most part, sterile. Even
around Berlin, the capital of the
province, and around Potsdam, the
favorite residence of the Margraves,
the country was a desert. In some
tracts the deep sand could, with dif-
ficulty, be forced by assiduous till-
age to yield thin crops of rye and
oats. In other places the ancient
forests, from which the conquerors
of the Roman Empire had descended
on the Danube, remained untouched
by the hand of man. Where the soil
was rich it was generally marshy,
and its insalubrity repelled the cul-
Hiyators whom its fertility attract-
Frederick William,
Great Elector, was
whose policy his successors have
agreed to ascribe their, greatness.
He acquired, by the peace of West-
phalia, several valuable possessions,
and among them the rich city and
district of Madgeburg, and he left to
his son Frederick a principality as
considerable as any which was not
called a kingdom.
Frederick aspired to the style of
royalty. Ostentatious and profuse,
negligent of his true interest and of
his high duties, insatiably eager for
frivolous distinctions, "he added
nothing to the real weight of the
State which he governed, but he
gained the great object of his life,
the title of “King.”
In the year 1870 he assumed this
new dignity. He had on that occa-
sion to undergo all the mortifica-
tions which fall to the lot of ambi-
tious upstarts. Compared with the
other crowned heads of Europe, he
made a figure resembling that which
a nabob or commissary, who had
bought a title, would make in the
company of peers whose ancestors
had been attainted for treason
against the Plantagenets.
The envy of the class which he
quitted, and the civil scorn of the
class into which he introduced him-
self, were marked in very sig ifi-
cant ways. The Elector of Saxony
at first refused to acknowledge the
new majesty. Louis XVI. looked
down on his brother king with an
air not unlike that which the count
in Moliere’s play regards Monsieur
Jourdain, just fresh from the mum-
mery of being made a gentleman.
Austria exacted large sacrifice in re-
turn for its recognition, and at last
gave it ungraciously.
Frederick was succeeded by hi=
son, Frederick William, a prince
who must be allowed to have pos-
sessed some talents for administra-
tion, but whose character was disfig-
ured by the most odious vices, and
whose eccentricities were such as
never had been seen outside of a
madhouse. He was exact and dili-
gent in the transaction of business,
and he was the first who formed the
design of obtaining for Prussia a
place among the European Powers,
altogether out of proportion to its
extent and population, by means of
a strong military establishment.
Strict economy enabled him to
keep up a peace estblishment of six-
ty thousand troops. These troops
were disciplined in such a manner
that, placed beside them, the house-
hold regiments of Versailles and St.
James would have appeared an awk.
ward squad. The master of such a
force could not be regarded by all
. his neighbors as a formidable ene-
my and a valuable ally.
. But the mind of Frederick Wil-
liam was so ill regulated that all
his inclinations became passions, and
all his passions partook of the char-
acter of moral and intellectual dis-
ease. His parsimony degenerated
into sordid avarice. His taste for
military pomp and order became a
mania, like that of a Dutch burgo-
master of tulips. While the envoys
of the Court of Berlin were in a
state of squalid poverty as moved
“the laughter of foreign capitals—
while the food of the royal family
was so bad that even hunger loathed
it—no prince was thought too ex-
travagant for tall recruits.
The ambition of the king was to
form a brigade of giants, and every
country was ransacked by his agents
for men above ordinary stature.
These researches were not confined
to Europe. No head that towered
above the crowd in the bazaars of
Aleppo, of Cairo or of Surat could
escape the crimps of Frederick Wil-
liam. One Irishman, more than sev-
en feet high, who was picked up in
London by the Prussian Ambassa-
dor, received a bounty of nearly
1,300 pounds sterling ($6.500) —very
much more than the Ambassador's
salary.
This extravagance was the more
absurd because a stout youth of five
feet eight, who might have been pro-
cured for a few dollars, would, in all
probability, have been a much more
valuable soldier. But to Frederick
William this huge Irishman was
what a brass Otho or a Vinegar Bi-
ble proves to the collector of a dif-
ferent kind.
The nature of Frederick William
was hard and bad, and the habit of
exercising arbitrary power made
him frightfully savage. His rage
constantly vented itself to right and
left in curses and blows. When his
called the
the Prince to
Majesty took a walk, every human!
being fled before him, as if a tiger
had broken loose. If he met a lady
in the street, he gave her a kick,
and told her to go home and mind
her brats.
His son Frederick (afterward
Frederick the Great) and his daugh-
ter Wilhelmina were in an especial
manner objects of his aversion. He
despised literature. His own mind
was uncultivated. He hated infidels,
Papists and metaphysicians and did
not very well understand in what
way they differed from one another.
‘The business of life according to
him was to drill and be drilled. The
recreations suited to a prince were
to sit in a cloud of tobacco smoke, to
sip Swedish beer between puffs, to
play backgammon, to kill wild hogs
and shoot partridges by the thous-
ands.
Early in the year 1740 Frederick
William met death and Frederick,
who had just completed his twenty-
eighth year, became King of Prus-
sia.—IKansas City Times.
HORNED LARK
(Otocoris alpestris)
Length, about seven and three
fourths inches. The black mark across
the breast and the small, pointed tufts
of dark feathers above and behind
the eyes distinguish the bird.
~ Range: Breeds throughout the
United States (except the South At:
lantic and Gulf states) and Canada;
winters in all the United States ex-
cept Florida. :
Habits and economic status:
Horned larks frequent the open coun:
try, especially the plains and deserts.
They associate in large flocks, are
hardy, apparently delighting in ex.
posed situations in winter, and often
nest before snow disappears. The
flight is irregular and hesitating, but
in the breeding season the males
ascend high in air, singing as they go,
and pitch to the ground in one thril
ling dive. The preference of horned
larks is for vegetable food, and about
one-sixth of this is grain, chiefly waste.
Some ‘sprouting grain is pulled, but
drilled grain is safe from injury. Cali-
fornia horned larks take much more
grain than the eastern birds, specializ-
ing on oats, but this is accounted for
by the fact that oats grow wild ovar
much of the state. Weed seeds are
the largest single element of food. The
insect food, about 20 per cent of the
whole, includes such pests as May
beetles and their larvae (white grubs),
leaf beetles, clover-leaf and clover
root weevils, the potato-stalk borer,
nut weevils, billbugs, and the chinch
bug. Grasshoppers are a favorite food,
and cutworms are freely eaten. The
horned larks, on the whole, may be
considered useful birds.
MOURNING DOVE
(Zenaidura macrours)
The dark
spot on the side of the neck distin
guishes this bird from all other native
doves and pigeons except the white
Length, twelve inches.
winged dove. The latter has the up
per third of wing white.
Range: Breeds throughout the Unit:
ed States and in Mexico, Guatemala,
and southern Canada; winters from
the central United States to Panama.
Habits and economic status: The
food of the mourning dove is prac
tically all vegetable matter (over 99
per cent), principally seeds of plants,
including grain. Wheat, oats, rye,
corn, barley, and buckwheat were
found in 150 out of 237 stomachs, and
constituted 32 per cent of the food.
‘Three-fourths of this was waste grain
picked up after harvest. The prin
cipal and almost constant diet is weed
seeds, which are eaten throughout
the year and constitute 64 per cent of
the entire food. In one stomach were
found 7,500 seeds of yellow wood sor
rel, in another 6,400 seeds of barn
grass or foxtail, and in a third 2,600
seeds of slender paspalum, 4,820 of
orange hawk-weed, 950 of hoary ver
vain, 120 of Carolina cranesbill, 50 of
yellow wood sorrel, 620 of panic grass,
and 40 of various other weeds. None
of these is useful, and most of them
are troublesome weeds. The dove
does not eat insects or other animal
food. It should be protected in every
oogsible way.
Infantile Paralysis.
Infantile paralysis, says D- Sam-
uel Dixon, State Health Commis-
sioner, is a disease that affects the
nervous system. It often causes
death, and again, the acute stage
frequently subsides and leaves pa-
ralysis of one or more of the limbs
that heretofore has often lasted
through life.
Today we do not know what caus-
es the disease, therefore preventive
measures must be broad. You must
keep the children away from insect
life, such as flies, mosquitoes, fleas,
bed bugs, ticks, ants, lice, etc. You
should see that all rats and mice
around the building are killed. Pet
cats and dogs should be washed with
a two per cent. carbclic acid solu-
tion to destroy insect life. Every-
thing should be kept clean about the
home, including the children’s bodies
and clothing. :
Children should be “fed well but
not indulged in large quantities of
water, ice cream or other frozen
dishes on a full stomach, as that will
often cause acute indigestion and
render them susceptible to other dis-
eases. In other words, the digestion
should be guarded carefully.
Children should have plenty of
'sleep. They should not associate
with other children that are sick.
Their homes should be well ventilat-
ed but screened from flies, etc., and
any flies that happen to enter the
building should be killed. All food-
Rd ——————————
stuffs should be protected from flies,
dust, etc. Fruit and .vegetables eat-
en raw should be thoroughly washed
in clean water.
Children’s mouths should be rins-
ed out and their throats gargled
with Dobell’s solution after each
meal. If the children are two young
to rinse or gargle, wash the mouth
with a piece of fabric, muslin or lin-
en, that has been dipped in Dobell’s
solution.
Children should be kept out of
crowded places and be denied the
frequent access to crowded halls of
entertainment during our present
threat with epidemic.
The youngsters should not be per-
mitted to sit on the damp ground
nor have their bodies thoroughly
chilled day or night. They should
not bathe in cold water until their
circulation is interfered with and
they become chilly and blue.
He Knew.
The physiology teacher was ex-
plaining the circulation of the blood.
“Why is it,” he said, “that if 1
were to stand on my head the blood
would rush to my head and I would
get very red in the face, whereas,
when I stand on my feet the blood
does not rush to them?”
A small boy raised his hand:
“Please sir, it’s because your feet
are not empty.”
——Subscribe for the WATCHMAN.
Shall they be
Industrial
‘trial warfare? °
are voting whether the
dollar from you goes
RAILROAD
WAGES
determined by
Warfare or
Federal Inquiry?
To the American Public:
Do you believe in arbitration or indus
The train employes on all the railroads
y will give their leaders
authority to tie up the commerce of the
country to enforce their demands for a 100
million dollar wage increase.
The railroads are in the
your service. This army o
the public service—your service.
You pay for rail transportation 3 billion
dollars a year, and 44 cents out of every
publiy service—
employes is in
to the employes.
On all the Eastern Railroads in 1915, seventy-five per cent of the
train employes earned these wages (lowest, highest, and average
of all) as shown by the payrolls—
Passenger Freight Yard
$1641 Average $1583 Average” Range Average
. 1641 1585 $1303
Engineers . 3994 $1931 2992 $1783 2178 $1543
1553 1552 1145
Conductors 3004 1831 2901 1642 1991 1315
951 933 752
Firemen . 1704 1128 1762 1109 1633 935
957 862 834
Brakemen . 1707 1141 1521 973 1635 1085
burden on the cost of
bunal speaking for yo
ence to the Interstate
sion. This offer has
employes’ representati
ELISHA LEE, Chairman.
P. R. ALBRIGHT, Gen’l Manager,
Atlantic Cosst Line Railroad.
Ke W. BALDWIN, Gen’l M
Central of Georgia Railway.
€. L. BARDO, Gen’l M 4
New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad.
B. H. COAPMAN, Vice-President,
Southern way.
8. E. COTTER, Gen’! Manager,
Wabash Railway. ?
PP. E. CROWLEY, Asst. Vice-
ns Te aE sides,
6. H. EMERSON, Gen’! Manager,
Great Northern Railway.
C. H. EWING, Gen’l Manager,
Philadelphia & Reading Railway.
« GRI Asst. to President,
BN Icha aes, fo Fruit,
The average yearly wage payments to a// Eastern train eme
ployes (including those who worked only part of the yess) as
shown by the 1915 payrolls were—
Passenger Freight Yard
Engineers eo © 0 0 o oo $1796 $1546 $1384
Conductors . . . . . 1724 1404 1238
Firemen . « o « o 1033 903 244
Brakemen. . . . . . 1018 858 990
A 100 million dollar wage increase for
men in freight and yard service (less than
one-fifth of all employes) is equal to a 5 per
cent advance in all freight rates.
The managers of the railroads, as trustees
for the public, have no right to place this
transportation to you
without a clear mandate from a public tri
U.
The railroads have proposed the settle- -
ment of this controversy either under the
existing national arbitration law, or by refer-
Commerce Commis-
been refused by the
ves.
Shall a nation-wide strike or an
investigation under the Gov-
ernment determine this issue?
National Conference Committee of the Railways
A. 8. GREIG, Asst. to Receivers,
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FINE GROCERIES
0
Fancy Wisconsin Cheese, with mild flavor. At th present market value
of Cheese it should retail at 28c to 30c per pound but we still hold our price
down to 25 cents. It’s a fine bargain at this price.
We have made no advance on Canned Corn, Peas and Stringless Beans.
At our present prices they are as good value as any food product on
the market.
Our White potatoes are good size and fine quality Also Parsnips, Onions,
Turnips, Sweet Potatoes and Cabbage. ,
If you are not pleased with Syrup in tin cans and pails try our fine goods
sold by the quart and gallon. We have a pure Sugar and a fine grade of
Compound goods at 50c and 60c per gallon. Sure to please you.
California Naval Oranges—seedless. The smaller sizes are all gone for
this season, but we have fancy fruit at 30c, 40c; 50c and extra large at 60c.
Have just received some very fancy New Mackerel. Try them.
We have the Genuine New Orleans Molasses—new crop, light colored,
heavy body to sell by the quart or gallon. It will please you.
Evaporated Peaches, Pears, Apricots, Prunes and Raisins, all at reasonable
prices. Come to the store that has the goods you want.
If you are not using our Vinegar, just try it and see the difference.
Bush House Block, i. 57-1 - - - Bellefonte, Pa.
SECHLER & COMPANY, |
Shoes. Shoes.
Prices on
Shoes Reduced
$2.98 $2.98 $2.98
On account of the backwardness of the season I have decided to
dispose of my full line of
LADIES LOW SHOES
regardless of cost. Nothing reserved, every pair and kind will
' ”.
be sold. These shoes are All New Spring Styles, nothing old or
out of style. I give you my personal guarantee, that not one
pair of these shoes sold for less than $4.00 and the most of them
at $4.50 and $5.00.
Your Choice of Any Pair for $2.98
This sale is for CASH and CASH ONLY. All shoes must be
fitted at the store as they cannot be exchanged. No shoes
sent out on approval.
This is an opportunity to purchase your needs in Summer Low
Shoes for less than the cost to manufacture.
These Shoes are Now on Sale,
in all sizes and widths. Vou had better come at once in order to
be fitted.
These Shoes are the best that can be purchased, as high grade as
Shoes can be made, and the price is less than you can purchase
shoddy Shoes at the cheap stores.
H. C. YEAGER,
THE SHOE MAN,
Bush Arcade Bldg, 58-27 BELLEFONTE, PA.
ry,