—
¢
high, and the supply very scarce, | Agricultural Possibilities of Alaska.
most growers will have to resort to a
top dressing of ashes and hen ma-
nure. Some of the most successful
growers on a large scale use all the
above, and in addition, apply broad-
Alum Mining in Turkey.
1 RES ER 3
One of the old industries of Turkey is
alum mining, which has been carried on
actively in the province of Sivas for more
than 300 years. Near the village of
We have learned to think of that sur-
prising county of Alaska as containing
great wealth in the way of furs and gold
Bellefonte, Pa., June 16, 1916.
———
ANT
fertilizer formu
NOW I LAY ME DOWN TO SLEEP.
The fire upon the hearth is low,
And theres stillness everywhere,
While winged spirits here and there,
The firelight shadows muttering go,
And as the shadows round me creep,
A childish treble breaks the gloom,
And softly from the further room
Comes, ‘“Now I lay me down to sleep.”
And somehow, with that little prayer,
And that sweet treble in my ears,
My thoughts go back to distant years,
And linger with the loved ones there;
And as I hear my child’s “Amen,”
My mother’s faith comes back to me.
Crouched at her side I seem to be,
And mother holds my hand again.
Oh, for an hour in that dear place!
Oh, for the peace of that dear time!
Oh, for that childish trust sublime!
Oh, for a glimpse of mother’s face!
Yet as the shadows round me creep,
I do not seem to be alone—
Magic sweet, of that treble tone,
And “Now I lay me down to sleep.”
—Eugene Field.
FARM NOTES.
—In general farming the onion is
chiefly grown from seed, but in gar-
dening the “sets” are used. These
“sets” are very small onions, which
are small bulbs that appear on the
tops of onions in place of flowers.
Onions are also produced by multipli-
ers— small bulblets formed by divis-,
ion of the parent bulb. Eearly onions
are grown by these sets, tops and
multipliers, while the late crop is the
product from seed.
—The ideal soil is a loam that is
rich and well drained. Soils that are
heavy clays must be avoided, and so
should also stony land and hillsides. A
deep, rich muck soil, containing a fair
admixture of sand, has grown excel-
lent crops, while very poor , returns
have come from new, raw muck lands.
If land can be used that the pre-
ceding year was devoted to a heavily
manured, hoed crop, free from weed
seed, a large crop of onions will all
‘the more be sure. It must not be for-
gotten that to attempt to grow them
on weedy land, or a run-down soil, is
all a mistake, and only spells failure.
The best results come from a rath-
er firm seed-bed which results from
plowing in the fall. For the second
year, land on which is a second crop
of clover, heavily fertilized with
barnyard manure and turned in the
fall, followed the next spring by po-
tatoes, is desirable.
The farmer’s Cyclopedia of Agri-
culture recommends a heavy top
dressing of well-rotted barnyard ma-
nure or compost, applied in the spring
at the rate of 40 to 50 twe-horse wag-
on loads, and worked well into the
soil with a disk harrow or narrow
blade cultivator; after this a complete
commercial fertilizer analyzing 4 per
cent. nitrogen, 8 per cent. availagle
phosphoric acid, and 10 per cent. pot-
ash should be applied. This is the
a used by the Leong
Island onion growers, and is broad-
casted at the rate of 500 to 1500
pounds to the acre. But owing to the
scarcity of potash at the present time
*it is more than likely that there are
some changes to be made in the for-
mula for this year, but just what has
not yet been made public.
Where the land for some years has
been in a high state of cultivation, the
[it is
cast from 250 to 750 pounds of nitrate
of soda. Three or four applications
of this are made during the growing
‘period.
It is estimated that it costs as much
to seed and cultivate a crop of onions
that yields 300 bushels per acre as it
does to grow a crop yielding 800 to
1000 bushels per acre. Onion land,
unless it should become infested with
insects or disease, can be used for this
crop year after year.
Just as soon as the young plants
appear above ground cultivation with
a wheel hoe should begin. This loos-
ens the soil on both sides of the row
and throws it slightly away from the
plants. Should this not destroy the
weeds, the latter should be promptly
pulled. Thinning of plants should al-
so be done at this time, allowing the
plants to stand about three inches
apart in the row. If, however, the
soil is rich, crowding will not be so
detrimental to growth. Some grow-
ers prefer adding additional fertilizer
to the plants rather than go to the ex-
pense of thining, unless the plants
should be too close. Throughout the
entire growing period the crop should
be hoed whenever the ground becomes
hard and packed, or weeds appear.
Cultivation should always be shallow,
and the ground kept level.
When the stalks become weak just
above the bulbs and fall over on the
ground, maturity is approaching, and
when the bulk of the tops have died
down the crop can be harvested.
Throw two or more rows together, al-
lowing them to remain on the ground
for a week or ten days to cure. The
tops of the onions can be cut off at
any time before marketing, but pref-
erably when they are stored.
In a Connecticut Valley are several
Massachusetts towns in which onion
growing is the main farm industry.
How the growers fertilize their onion
fields is told by Leslie R. Smith, in a
Massachusetts Bulletin, as follows:
Barnyard manure is
as this material in the soil would inter-
fere in a measure with the use of
wheel hoes and hand cultivators, and
last, because the onion grower does
not have it to use; so it is a question
of commercial fertilizer.
Opinions, both with regard to the
brand and the amount of fertilizer,
are as varied as there are different
growers. A grower is very apt to try
again the brand that has raised him
one good crop, or that has raised his
neighbor a good crop. There are grow-
ers who buy the chemicals and prob-
ably the majority, buy
goods.
each. An analysis of 8.3 nitrogen, 8
phosphoric acid, 7 potash is about the
popular goods used. in the Connecticut
Valley. Hundreds of carloads are
used annually in the onion section.
The growers all know that there |
must be no shortage of plant’ food for
the crop. The up-to-date farmer un-
derstands that his overhead charges :
are fixed, that is, he has to stand the
expense of plowing, fitting, * cultivat-
ing. and harvesting; that the cost is
abcut the same whether an average |
crop is grown or a bumper crop, and
that up to a certain point the profit
increases with the increased yield; so !
error of judgment to :
| hazard chances of a profit by being
| “penny wise and pound foolish” in
i skimping the fertilizer. The Connecti-
{cut Valley grower sows one and one- |
a vital
seldom used
because of the weed seeds it carries,
Yl = Ee es
“ So gy
| The Clubby Smoke —“Bull” Durham
i
i
i §
ready-mixed |
Both methods are in vogue,
and there are arguments in favor of
and having large stores of coal. That
this country, regarded at first as prac-
tically valueless, may be fit for agricul- |
ture comes as a matter of surprise to
most people. The climate of Alaska -is,
of course, cold, and its summers are
short, but it has the same latitude as
Sweeden, and moreover its climate is
much like that of Saskatchewan and
Manitoba, in the rrovinces of Canada,
and these latter are well known to offer
large possibilities to agriculture. Indeed,
the development of the interior of the
great country of Alaska has already be-
gun, and it seems to be suggesting itself
as a place for homesteads and a place
that may perhaps be attractive to immi-
grants, as offering great facilities for
agriculture. Oats, barley, rye and grass
grow luxurjantly in the short summers
and produce large crops. Cattle can be
raised without much difficulty, though
they have to be housed and fed during
the winter. Vast areas of cultivable land
there are in the interior, waiting only for
railroad connections to open them up for
service.
much as the local markets will war-
rant, but until there can be developed a
market out side of the immediate lo-
cality by the entrance of railroads, the
development of agriculture in these rich
lands will be out of the question. Much
of the land is now covered with forests,
but as soon as it is cleared and the sum-
mer sun has an opportunity of melting
the soil, it proves itself to be rich and
fertile, and in the second season yields
very satisfactory sized crops.
You start something lively when
“Bull” Durham in a
“rolling your own".
for “the makings”.
GENUINE
| BULL DURHAM
SMOKING TOBACCO
Made of rich, ripe Virginia-North
Durham is
the mildest, most enjoyable tobacco
Carolina leaf, “Bull”
in the world.
Already they are cultivated as '
crowd of live-wires and start
That fresh, mellow-sweet
fragrance of “Bull” Durham makes everyone reach
A hand-rolled “Bull” Durham
| cigarette brims over with zest and snap and the
[| sparkle of sprightly spirits.
Goynyk there is a plentiful supply of the
raw material. The operations there
have so far been primitive and only the
face of the hillside has been dug out ac-
cording to a writer in “The Argonaut.”
The alum bearing rock is brightly col-
| ored, usually with a pinkish or red tinge,
‘and the waste from the Goynyk work-
:
ings, flows down to a small stream along | B
i the roadside, to whose waters it gives ‘ ?
| pinkish while opaque color, incidentally
i killing all the brook trout that happens
| the higher part of the stream.
i The rock or ore is first roasted and
then broken into small pieces which ars
' very light because the chemical elements
! have burned out. The broken rock is
then placed in open pits and allowed to
, to venture into the stained waters from
' whole winter, during which time it be-
i comes something like slated lime, crumb-
: ling easily and finely granulated. In this
i state it is boiled with water in a large
caldron, the stone and waste matter be-
. ing gradually taken out as itis stirred.
Having been sufficiently boiled, the
| liquid, now almost clear, is placed in
cooling tanks made of masonry. In the
course of a few days the alum crystallizes
around the sides of these tanks. varying
from six to nine inches. It is then ready
to be broken into smaller pieces and sent
to market.
The small portion of alum that sinks
to the bottom of the tanks is boiled a
second time and yields a superior quality.
, be exposed to the rain and weather for a
| ——Put your ad. in the WATCHMAN.
Wier, Oh
-
you produce
Ask for FREE
package of *‘papers’’®
with each 5c sack.
£ Every Man
AN
g Man
4
who knows Good Clothes
when they see them and
every woman who is interest-
ed in seeing men Well Dress-
ed, should see what we are
showing in really unusual
Clothes for all men this sea-
son.
Don’t Bring a Penny
with you, we want to first
prove to you that the best is
always here before asking for
your patronage.
Everything for Man or Boy.
FAUBLL'S
BELLEFONTE, “i PENNA.
? Dry Goods, ¥ic.
RE SR
sre rg RFS oan
LYON ® COMPANY.
SPECIAL SALE
N°V is your opportunity to buy summer dress goods, coats,
commercial fertilizer in part may re- ho tons of fertilizer to the acre,
place the barnyard manure. There is | 2nd is not at all backward about put-
one thing that can be assured, and | {ing on an extra half ton if he thinks |
that is onion soil cannot be made too | that it is necessary. This is usually |
rich. applied at one time, but some large |
In place of the formula formerly | growers are trying the experiment of
used by the Long Island growers, | keeping one-half ton to apply in mid-
wherein the per cent. of petash is
season.
No other cigarette can be so
full of life and youthful vigor as
a fresh-rolled cigarette of “Bull”
Durham.
“Roll your own” with “Bull”
Durham and you'll discover a new
joy in smoking.
{
i
: { 1 . Ve |
CASTORIA. CASTORIA. A FRE Shain Some siasna =
a | - 1a Roll Your Own [Smoking Tobacco, | §
WIT BLACKWELL & CO. . |
, and a p of cigarette
papers, will both be mailed, free, to any
a ts : address in U. S. on request. Address suits, etc. at great reductions. We have special lots of
pT £1 **Bull” Durham, Durham, N., C. 2 2
: the following :
> y : AMERICAN ; ; :
Childr en Cr y for F letcher S ne TOBACCO CO. Lot 1—One lot Voiles, Lawns in figures and stripes, all
AIT EE colors, that sold at 18 and 20c.
CASTOR
AMAR RETR .-S.
The Kind You Have Always Bought, and which has been
in use for over 30 years, has borne the signature of :
and has been made under his per=
sonal supervision since its infancy.
SEIN S\\\Z Special Sale price 12%c.
QO
\
1
2 i
1: |
QAM
Lot 2—Better quality. 36-inch Voiles, Organdies, |
Crepes, quality of 35 and 40 cent grade, now at 25C.
Lot 3—Voiles, Crepes and Lawn, values 12, 15 and 20c.
Special 8 cents. '
Awning Stripes and Lace Voiles in all colors.
price 35 cents.
SUITS AND COATS.
All summer Suits in Checks, Black and White and
Special
ZIANN NRNNN
a <7 % Allow no one to deceive you in this. gg: i i
A) Conntermios, ltinbow 1a.ong fo aie Sin ghis, c= <4 LLL J Navy that sold at $15, $18 and $22. Special price $12.50.
x J Eipesiments Haas ixiile wi and endanger the health of el ard SILK SWE ATERS
> ants an en—kuxperience against Experiments ny . : .
- MICHELIN UNIVERSAL TREADS
What is CASTORIA
~ Castoria is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Paree
goric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is pleasant. It
All Silk Sweaters that sold at $7. and $8, now $5.00.
SHIRT WAISTS.
Silk Waists now from $1.00 up. Cotton Shirt Waists,
and RED TUBES
are not high-priced! Just compare these
prices with those you have been paying,
contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotic UNIVERSAL TREAD CASINGS
Susie. ls age is Jie mee. To Segiroys Worms AND RED TUBES all new styles, with frills, etc., that sold at $1.25 and
has been in constant use for the relief of Constipation, Jxch 2D | Q.D. | Red $1.50, now 98 cents.
Flatulency, Wind Colic, ofl Teething Troubles and a Re Clinehes =
iarrhoea. regulates © Stomach and Bowels x37) $18.30 | ...... .
assimilates the Food, giving healthy and natural sleep. gre | #0 [nin 16 DOVE UNDERMUSLINS.
The Children’s Panacea—The Mother’s Friend. 3 [25.95 25.95 5.00 See our Nightgowns at 98 cents. Ladies’ Envelope
Uxa% B30 300 ess Chemise, 48 cents. Petticoats, plain and trimmed, 48c.
3 35.70 35.70 6.0 Blue and Pink Batist Nightgowns, hand embroidered,
. hang in a 3535 | 40.50 | 40.50 |6. i i .50; i . Mus-
Bears the Signature of curd bee mde $5 [os os 853 Empire wyls, quality $1.50; sale price 98 cents us
thels casings perfectly Morte in sol bod Tadr lin Drawers, 22 cants. Umbrella Drawers, made of fine
size 31 x 4, price $22.25,
Nainsook and Embroidery trimmed, value 85c; now 43c.
SHOES. SHOES.
Men’s, Women’s and Children’s Shoes, White, Russet
and Black. Special prices during this sale.
- The Michelin Universal Tread combines all the advantages
of non-skids of both the raised-tread and suction-tread types.
| Michelin Red Tubes retain their velvety softness indefinitely.
1
%
o
. Used in combination, Michelin casi
Used in Sombiaation, elin casings and tubes make the
tory tire equipment, 2
GEO. A. BEEZER, Bellefonte
F In Use For Over 30 Years
The Kind You Have Always Bought
- $ THE CENTAUR COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY,
Lyon & Co. ..., Bellefonte.
GENUINE CASTORIA ALways igtein Ra } \ §
59-20-e.0.w