emorraiic; atcha,
" Belletonte, Pa., May 14, 1915.
EE —————————————
NOT MUCH OF A CREED.
He didn’t have much of a creed,
And his doctrine was not very deep;
His faith wasn’t one he could read
In volumes expensive or cheap.
He helped all who asked, when he could,
He comforted all when they grieved,
He believed in the right and the good,
And he lived up to what he believed.
He didn’t have much of a creed,
His doctrine was simple and plain,
But he seemed to have all that we need
‘To balance life’s pleasure and pain. ¥
He wasn't a fellow to shirk
With burdens that could be relieved,
+ He believed twas his duty to work,
And he lived up to what he believed.
He put out his hand here and there
To succor the weak and distressed,
And when he had burdens to bear,
He bore them by doing his best.
He refused to take profit or gain
That was won by another deceived,
He believed in a life without stain,
And he lived up to what he believed.
I reckon when toiling is o’er,
And all our struggles are through,
When no one needs help any more,
And there are no good deeds to do.
When the last of life’s dangers is braved,
And the judgment of all is begun,
Not by what we believed we'll be saved,
But by what, through believing, we've
done.
—E. A. Guest in Detroit Free Press.
RETURNING FROM INDIA.
By One on Medical Duty in that Far Eastern
Country. The First Part of the Homeward
Bound Voyage.
FEBRUARY 17th, 1914.
Some place in the Bay of Bengal.
Dear Home Folk:
Wonder whether you have gotten al}
the letters I have sent you. True, there
wouldn't be much lost if they did not
reach their destination, but would leave
you to guess how I arrived where I am.
The sea, so blue that even the sky is
jealous and is calling little fleecy white
clouds to its aid to enhance its usual
beauty, is as calm as a lake while away
out on the horizon line a few little white
caps are showing. A small steamer
sailed into view for a short time this
morning, but now, only the endless blue
meets your eye.
This boat—P. & O. S. S. India—is a
fairly decent one, although not unusual-
ly elegant, but my ship-mates—they are
a most interesting lot of folks. Of
course, it is second-class, and all nice
English people go first-class, so no doubt
there are many nice people beyond the
rail. I later learned that our side had
by far the most interesting lot of folks.
Colombo was indeed a charming place,
but hot and damp, and I am sorry
to say I was disappointed; my two years
in India have made me particular as to
what I may rave about.
The trip to Kandy was up amongst
mountains and it was very new to me to
see tropical verdure spread over most
beautiful mountain peaks and valleys.
The cocoanut plantations, with the fa-
mous Ceylon tea growing in between;
the coffee and cocoa plants offered varie-
ty while over every possible place rubber
was growing—not the rubber I knew but
plain looking trees with their leaves a
bright red, since it is their winter season
and they may drop their leaves if they
like. They are light-barked, straight-
trunked trees and all the larger ones had
scars on their sides about two feet from
the ground—not a straight scar but a
line running down at an angle of forty-
five degrees and embracing half the cir-
cumferance of the trunk. It is at the
lower-most end of this line that a cocoa-
nut shell is hung and into this the white
rubber drips. This. scar is refreshen-
ed each morning, cut just a little wider,
the coolies collect the cocoanut’s contents
in one vessel; the rubber that has dried
at the scar and in the trough is put into
another receptacle, for it makes but sec-
ond rate product.
various processes for the market product.
We stopped, after three hours of climb-
ing, at Paradenia, to see the Botanical
Gardens and one could just wander
around indefinitely. True, it is not a bit
more beautiful than the gardens at home,
but again it’s the tropical trees that fas-
cinate. To come up and find one’s self
looking at a cinnamon tree, orto pick
up a little nut and find it’s off the nut-
meg tree, under which you are standing,
or to walk along and see a “kitchen gar-
den” and see cocaine, camphor, and va-
rious other plants that one knows only
by their dried remains—it was all so dif-
ferent, and then to add to its unusual-
ness an immense snake was killed al- |
most before our very eyes; only a rat
snake, not poisonous, but still a horrid,
uncanny thing to meet while jogging
around. But the spicy winds were lacking
and all I can now recall was the odorif-
erous breeze that came to us from the
“manure works” just out of Colombo.
The tropics are interesting, but oh dear!
the dwellers therein are so dirty they
spoil the whole thing and indeed are a
blot on the landscape.
We left Colombo last Saturday even-
ing and today is Tuesday. Sunday was
a cold, rainy day and reminded me more
of the day I sailed from Liverpool than an
Indian day; but Monday was beautiful and
you began to be glad you were aboard a
boat, for it really is not warm while on
deck and you can stand the heat in the
cabins, knowing that in a short time you
will be cool once more.
I can’t realize that I am on my way
Both must go through |
1
der why I ever came this long way home
for I do get homesick for “my ain folk,” !
especially when I can’t carry to you any
of the many lovely presents I see in the!
stores. I would like to carry home to |
you the cream of all the curios find.
It is not the common you would like
out here, for they are common in-'
deed, but you would like some of the
choice bits one sees everywhere. |
Scotchwoman, a Dutchman, from South
Africa; two English folks and myself; !
could you imagine a more diverse com-
pany. We are not a brilliant lot and the
meal usually proceeds in silence except |
for the lapping of the Jap while eating
soup or other liquids, and the curious
national “thank you” of the English peo- |
ple. A phrase I can’t copy, no matter |
how hard I have tried to imitate; it is
not thankful. But merely this—“r-e-a-l- |
l-y now one must be polite, don’t you
s-e-e?”
It is nearly time to quit. We reach
Pinang Thursday morning and I think
I'll mail this to you from there; it will
no doubt reach you some time.
(Continued next week.)
Hints To Vacationists.
Nature’s siren song is calling the city
dweller. It lures to mountain, meadow,
lake or camp.
all who are free hasten to answer.
In selecting a place for a summer home
or a brief vacation it is well to observe
a few basic precautions and so avoid in-
curring illness which may result seri-
ously.
There are thousands of resorts, cot-
tages and camps where the defects in
sanitation present a genuine menace.
Certain things should be carefully ob-
served.
The water supply.
The disp oral of sewage and garbage.
The milk supply, particularly if there
are infants or young children.
If the water supply comes from a well,
be sure that it is not located where it
will receive underground or surface
drainage from a barn-yard or outhouse.
It is essential to boil water taken from
surface streams. Clearness it no guar-
antee of purity.
If springs are the source of supply,
care should be taken that they are not
surrounded by habitations or other
sources of pollution. In small villages
or shore places if the water supplies are
public, diligent inquiry should be made
as to whether the source is free from
sewage contamination. If the disposal
of sewage and garbage is careless, flies
are certain to breed, and unless kitchens
and dining rooms are carefully screened
there is the possibility of typhoid or
diarrheal infection from this source.
With young children, particularly in-
fants, the question of a clean milk sup-
ply is one of vital importance. Fresh
milk is of little or no advantage unless
it be clean milk.
Mosquitoes also may prove a pestifer-
ous nuisance. There is the possibility of
malarial infection in regions where they
abound.
Failure to give attention to these es-
sential points of sanitation may result in
poignant regrets instead of delightful
holiday memories. :
HARRISBURG, May 12:—You, Mr. City
Man and Mr. Man in the Small Town,
the Commonwealth expects YOU to do
your part on the ‘State-wide Good Roads
Day.” Don’t be afraid to take off your
coat, roll up your sleeves, pitch in and
work. You will get blisters on your
hands and sunburn on your face, but
don’t be afraid, it won't hurt you; it will
do you good.
If you have not joined your county as-
sociation to aid in making the day set
aside by the Governor of the State suc-
cessful, hustle around and do it. Do it
now. Don’t write, don’t send word by a
neighbor that you will be there, but hunt
| up the man who is getting the crowd to-
gether and tell him you will join it. Call
him up on the 'phone. Get busy.
Saw Two Torpedoes, Says Capt. Turner.
Captain W. T. Turner, commander
»f the Lusitania, gave out the follow-
Ing statement at Queenstown:
“I have heard that the Germans have
already begun to spread the story that
the Lusitania was sunk by an explo-
sion inside. This is absolutely untrue.
*“l saw the periscope of the subma-
rine and saw the torpedo coming; to-
ward us through the sea. I watched
its course and followed its bubbling
wake until it disappeared beneath our
counter. You might say 1 saw the
torpedo strike the Lusitania, and the
next instant the explosion occurred.
“I kept to the middle channel, fol-
lowing orders received from the ad-
miralty. When 1 saw the torpedo 1
tried to change the ship’s course in
time to avoid it. The second torpedo
followed almost immediately. The sec-
ond struck right over the boilers, crip-
pling the engines. For this reason it
was impossible to beach the Lusitania.
“I did not order the lifeboats out
sooner because it was foolish to try to
get them into the water before the
Lusitania lost all headway. Otherwise
they would have been swamped.
“All talk of an internal explosion is
foolish. Had there been high explo-
sives or any amount of ammunition in
the hold the liner would have been
blown to bits instead of sinking as she
did. There had been no reason for
running under forced draft. That is
why we were not at full speed.
“I saw the submarine again. I wasin
the water four hours, and while I was
swimming I saw the craft rise amid
the wreckage and dive again. Others
saw it even better than I did.”
Endless Chain.
“You ought to go to a show and for
get your troubles.” “That's right.
Maybe I can find a show tonight that
home once more and yet at times I won-
Our Correspondents’ Opinions.
This column is at the service of those of our people
who desire to
of general or loca
in no wa
ments. The real name of the author must accom-
pany all communications,
Jrom publication when the request is made.
their views on any subject
interest. The ** Watchman’ will
The call is universal and |
! towns, our State, and our country need
will make me forget the one I saw
last pight.”=—Washington Star
ix
Suffrage and Anti-Suffrage.
Their belief in two things divide the
Our table is one place you might find Suffragist from the Anti-Suffragist—it is
interesting for there is a Jap, a Parsee, a their belief in Democracy and their belief
in women.
We claim that the individual is the unit
of our government, and the Anti-Suffrag-
ists claim that the family is the unit.
When the latter are confronted with
the fact of manhood suffrage they say
they do not believe in pure Democracy
but in representation.
What becomes of representation when
the vote of one man who stands for six
as the vote of the man who has no wom"
en to represent? We have much impure '
Democracy, what we want is a govern-
ment founded on justice to all.
Below all the arguments of good and
bad laws, of good and bad women, of wet
and dry States if stories of what he said
or what she said, lies the belief, or lack
of belief in the rule of the people, and
the moral worth of womankind.
It comes with poor grace from one who
is opposing woman’s ballot to lament
over the fact that men do not vote. Our
both men and women who are alive to
their duty of making our land a better
place to live in, a better home, and who
should realize that our government has
to do with our lives, and should be made
clean and as good as we wish our homes
to be.
Taxation it is true is levied largely on
property but every individual helps pay
the taxes of our government in the prices
paid for food, clothes, and a place to live.
There is no reason that women should
be more partisan with the ballot than
without it, and in questions relating to
their interests they have shown them-
selves non-partisan in the States where
they vote. It was the women of Colorado
who elected Judge Lindsay in spite of the
opposition of the parties.
We Suffragists do not claim that we
will make all things good, but we do
claim that women have made things bet-
ter in all the countries where they vote,
and that we should be given the chance
in our own State to try.
We believe that all work which can be
shared honestly by both men and women
is better done and more worth doing be-
cause of the sharing, and we believe that
the ballot in the hands of the women will
do much to awaken all the people to our
country’s needs.
We must arouse a better civic con-
science, and no State needs it more than
Pennsylvania, there are enough honest
men and women in Pennsylvania to make
it a white State if they were all awake
to their duty.
We shall go on working to arouse the
women of our land to a sense of their
responsibility in our common life, and
we hope that the men of Pennsylvania
will help us next November in this work.
ELIZABETH BLANCHARD BEACH.
Chairman Centre Co., Woman's Suffrage Party.
Passenger on Canadian Liner Sends
Remarkable Wireless Message.
A passenger of the Canadian Pacific
steamship Missanabie, from Halifax.
which passed over the scepe of the
Lusitania disaster twenty-four hours
later, immediately sent the following
remarkable message to the London
Times. He was then in ignorance of
the truth:
“Saturday, 1:30 o'clock, I see floating
deck chairs and a boat upon the bow
of which I read the word ‘Liverpool.’
Our ship swings her around and on the
other side the word ‘Lusitania.’
God, it has happened!
“I realize that we are on the scene
of a great tragedy. There are other
lifeboats about. One contains a pair
of boots and a hat. There are collapsi-
ble boats awash, some with sides not
up. There is a whaleboat keel up-
My
. ward with a body lyin: over it, the
lifebelt slipping off the neck. Yes, a
dead man.
“Captain Evans, our commander, has
1,000 lives aboard his ship to get fo
safety, and up goes our speed, and we
are dashing away on a zigzag course.
Just now a bald head bobs up in the
water not twenty-five feet away from
us. It is ghastly in the sunshine. °
“The water is almost motionless.
The silence and impressiveness of it all
are coupled with the dawning sense of
our own danger. It has brought won-
derful calm to all. Our women are
fine—silent and sad, with full sympa-
thy which overrides fear. 4
“We can do naught but race on, but
by 6 o'clock tonight our risk will be
over. Captain Evans’ calm and digni-
ty are fine, yet no man could live his
previous twenty-four hours unmoved,
and his own thoughts must have flown
to his own son in the trenches.”
v
108 AMERICANS IN 1,154 DEAD
ON LUSITANIA.
The following are the figures fur-
nished by the Cunard company and
United States Consul Frost at
Queenstown, Ireland, as to the loss
of life on the sunk Lusitania:
Total loss of liveS....ceceeeeecees 1,164
Americans among lost..... 108
Passengers drowned or killed. 789
Crew drowned or killed....... 865
Total saved.....ccoeeevvee cessenese 164
Passengers rescued....cccoeeeee 462
Crew rescued..... vessesencane vo S02
Americans among saved..cecee 8&0
Injured among rescued:
Passengers 30
Crew .vcceesseves essesesscsscsnces 11
Bodies recovered ....cceseeeecees 144
23
I
1
A
Americans identified among
FT NRE teceesnsesens
be responsible for their ideas or state-
but will be withheld '
WOMEN CALM AS THEY FACE DEATH
Passengers Had Been Thinking of
German Threat, and as Ship Was
Struck American Exclaimed,
Heavens, They've Done It!”
© Oliver P. Barnard, the scenic artist
of the Covent Garden Opera, who told
of A. G. Vanderbilt's bravery and Froh-
man’s stoicism, gave the following ac-
: count of the torpedoing of the Lusita-
nia:
*It was my rare fortune to be one of
; four people who saw the torpedo of
! the German submarine fired at the
| Lusitania at a distance of probably
i not more than 200 yards. I had just
| come up from luncheon and was look-
ing across an uncommonly calm and
| beautiful sea when 1 saw on the star-
board what at first seemed to be the
non-committal; and you know they are | women in his family counts for as much i tail of a fish. It was the periscope of
! our assailant.
{ “The next thing I observed was the
fast lengthening track of a newly
| launched torpedo, itself a streak of
{ froth. We had all been thinking,
dreaming, sleeping and eating ‘subma-
‘ rines’ from the hour we left New York,
"and yet with the dreadful danger about
| to descend upon us 1 could hardly be-
i lieve the evidence of my own eyes.
i “An American lady rushed up to
{ where 1 stood, exclaiming nonchalant-
ly, ‘This isn't a torpedo, is it?
“I was too spellbound to answer.
felt absolutely sick.
Hit With Terrific Impact.
“Then we were hit. My impression
of the contact of the torpedo was that
it was an indescribably terrific impact,
though not marked by anything such
as the imagination might fancy in the
way of a roar.
“The torpedo must have penetrated
deeply into the side of the vessel and
exploded internaly.
“The point of contact was about be-
neath the grand entrance to tle sa-
loon, and the result of the explosion
| was that it blew everything in that
i immediate vicinity into smithereens.
| Then the tremendous water tanks on
| the funnel deck burst. releasing their
| enormous contents and flooding ev-
| erything.
“The moment the explosion took
| Place the Lusitania simply fell over
Just as a house, kept up by underpin-
ning, would topple the instant the
main props were pulled out.
Stunned and Astounded.,
“Instantly there was a tremendous
rush of passengers to the deck from
the saloon and tounge. 1 did not think
that anybody, not even the women and
children, were so much terrified as
they were astounded and stunned by
the consciousness that the fears, cher-
ished half in vidicule for five days
previously, had at last been realized
and the German bluff had actually
come off.
** ‘By heavens, they've done it! ejac-
ulated a broad shouldered American
whoin | never saw again.
1
“Many people. evidently convinced
that
made preparations to sit tight and let
things take their course.
“My own first impulse was to obtain
a life belt. Excitement and fright were
now everywhere, but there was no
panic.
erybody’s motto, though there was on
all hands a pellmell scurry below to
obtain life belts. Every second people
reappeared singly. in pairs and in
groups armed with belts, uselessly
carried out in most cases and inade- |
quately strapped on. Others forgot
the belts and devoted themselves to !
hunting for their relatives. i
Brave Wireless Lad.
“The last passenger 1 spoke to was a .
young American bride, Mrs. Steward
Mason. the daughter of William Linds- |
ley, an American manufacturer. \
“ ‘Have you seen my husband? she
shrieked at me appealingly.
“I crossed over to the starboard side
again. and on my way encountered the
two Marconi operators in the emergen-
ey wireless room. They. too, were cool-
ness personified. I learned from them
that the explosion had put the main
wireless room out of action.
put out every electric light in the ship.
“Finding that he could do no more
a young operator, superbly humored
and careless of what looked like sure
disaster for us all, took up a kneeling
position on the funnel deck in order to
make. snapskots of the Lusitania set-
tling to its dou.
“The ‘snap’ was probably the only
one attempted in the whole ship, but
it did not come off. A further lurch
of the boat upset him und his plans,
for the last glimpse I had of him was
astride a chair in which he said that
he was going to sit down and swim.
“The glorious old cry of the sea,
‘Women and children first’ was the
unvarying rule on the Lusitania. Some
man, whom I assumed to be an alien
steerage passenger, was the only per-
son to attempt to violate it.
“Certainly not more than fifteen min-
utes, or eighteen at the outside, ensued
after the torpedo impact before the
Lusitania was gone.” v
Every mother owes her child a good
constitution. It is better to be born
healthy than rich. With health all things
are posstble, fame, riches, success. With-
out health riches are only a mockery,
opening the way to pleasures which can-
not be enjoved. The health of the child
depends upon the health of the mother.
The health of the mother depends upon
herself. Healthy motherhood is enjoyed
by those who keep the delicate feminine
organs in a healthy condition by the use
of Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Prescription. It
nourishes the nerves and so relieves
nervousness, it strengthens the body and
makes the mind cheerful. It practically
does away with the pain associated with
the baby’s advent. It makes weak wom-
en strong and sick women well.
Nothing but Possible Fate After |
“By
“That was the first universal
thought. ‘What shall we do? was the
next.
the Lusiania was unsinkable,
‘Keep cool’ seemed to be ev-
It also |
FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN
DAILY THOUGHT.
i
|
|
When we are happy, we see those we love; in
sorrow, we turn to those who love us,—Cecil
Raleigh.
There is probably no woman who can-
not count in her wardrobe at least one
waist of the serviceable wash silk. To
the business woman wash silk is a boon |
that has long been appreciated because
of its excellent laundering qualities and |
its generally trig and unmussed appear-
ance. Until rather lately the wash silks
have been confined to the strictly tailor-
' ed shirt waist, but since the shops have
: been showing varieties of wash silks in
all sorts of weaves and patterns the
possibilities of uses for this ever practical
‘ material have become more numerous.
The plain China silks and pale-colored
crepes de chine have always been con-
sidered washable, but they have also
been rather expensive. It is possible
now to get most gorgeous striped and
figured effects in the crepes de chine for
the same price as a good quality of the
so-called shirting silks. These striped
materials lend themselves admirably to
the modeling of very attractive waists.
Yokes, collar or cuffs made crosswise of
the goods, with the rest of the waist
made lengthwise, give a self-trimming
that is as effective as it is practical for
, the wash tub. There is a tendency to
, combine plain white silk with the striped
materials, either in the vest efféct or in
' the lining of turn-over collar and cuffs.
Whole dresses for spring and summer
wear are being shown made from the
plain or striped wash silks. Can you im-
agine anything cooler than a light green
- and white striped silk made simply with
| full skirt, short bodice and a girdle of
“plain green to match the stripe? In this
same dress there is an underblouse with
full, long sleeves of Georgette crepe,
| which, by the way, is a chiffon-like mate-
' rial as washable as the silk.
| Nothing betrays lack of daintiness in
| personal care more than neglect of the
hands and nails. A pretty hand is a
' great beauty asset and one to be desired
| by every woman who values her good
looks. Of course it is more difficult for
, some women to keep their nails clean
‘ and their hands soft and white and free
| from blemishes than others. The house-
{ wife who does her own work, continually
; dipping her hands in soapy dishwater,
cannot expect to attain the beauty and
fine texture of skin possible to the wom-
an whose hands are idle all day. How-
ever, she can at least keep her nails and
hands clean, and cleanliness is imperative
to the woman who longs for the least
vestige of beauty.
Never wash the hands except when
you have time enough to do it thorough-
ly. Constantly rinsing them in cold
water drives the dirt in and ruins the
texture of the skin, making it rough,
coarse and red. When exposed to hard
usage, as in the daily routine of honse-
work, instead of frequently washing the
hands in water, rub in a few drops of oil.
They should then be dusted over with
talcum powder and wiped with a coarse
towel. This will cleanse them and pro-
tect the flesh from growing callous.
Lemon juice will remove stains.
When summer days approach leghorn
hats, with masses of pink roses and beau-
tiful laces will be the choice of the charm-
ingly attired woman. Many of these
models are turned up in the rear, and
their picturesque lines are accentuated
| by the streamers of soft silk. Attractive
creations are also developed with broad
brims of French crepe on which are
embroidered dainty flowers in delicately
: colored silks. Even the quaint poke and
other modes favored by the Empress
Eugenie will find expression in the new
leghorn models.
Foreign fashion experts says that the
prompt acceptance of the full skirt by
American women has made its success
certain. Paris had such models ready
| just before the outbreak of the war, but
the best London dressmakers did not
think the women of England were ready
for so novel and radical a change. From
the tight skirts of the last few seasons to
a skirt six yards around is about as revo-
lutionary a change as is possible. Why
couldn’t the fashion makers have stopped
about half way? The change will be ac-
ceptable to manufacturer and merchant,
but, as a London costumer points out, it
i will fall hard upon many women who,
| because of the financial stress of the
i war, hoped to make last year’s dresses
serve for this spring and summer. Why
not do so anyway?—Leslie’s.
Dainty handkerchief linen blouses,
with a bit of white about them in the
collar and vest, are so attractive that
they will be sure to be a summer mode.
They are simple in cut, with the usual
shoulder yoke and hand run series of
pleats to arrange the fullness, and long
sleeves with cuffs. There is usually the
finest of white organdie lawn collars and
perhaps a fancy vest front. The colors
are not exactly bright—a cloudy light
blue, a soft old rose, a corn yellow—all
of them so delicate in tone as to go with
almost any color wool or linen suit. Even
if one wore a white linen suit with this
kind of blouse a matching hat, stockings
or sunshade, or all three, would be har-
monious and jaunty.
Tuna Salad—Drain and flake a can of
tuna fish; drain and flake and add a cup
of chopped celery; also half a dozen
chopped olives and half a pimento, also
chopped. Mix lightly with a French
| dressing and serve on lettuce leaves;
| garnish with pieces of pimento. Canned
shrimps or salmon may be use in place
i of the tuna fish.
Bisque—One pint of cream, 3-8 of a
cup of pulverized sugar, 13 dozen maca-
roons or blanched almonds; whip the
cream stiff, roll macaroons and sugar
together, stir in slowly; chop nuts, if
used; flavor with lemon. Pack in ice
and salt and let stand three hours before
serving.
We seem haunted by transparencies
this spring. And the very latest is the
long, transparent sleeve made of chiffon
and attached to a bolero coatee, or a
blouse of taffetas, crepe de chine, or
charmeuse. Some of these sleeves are
almost leg of mutton in outline. They
curve out at the wrists and fall away
from the arm when the latter is raised.
For tea or dinner gowns such sleeves are
charming, but they seem out of place on
day dresses.
; FARM NOTES.
—Red clover has been justly ranked
as the principal fundation of a perma-
nent system of agriculture in the north-
iern and eastern parts of the United
| States, according to the departments
office of Forage Crop Investigations.
This is due to its high feeding value, its
effect upon the soil, and the ease with
{ which it may be employed in rotations.
| Under ordinary conditions red clover is
! a biennial, although special strains are
truly perennial. In pastures where it
has been kept from seeding, certain
plants have been known to live for three
or four years.
Clover makes an excellent pasture for
all kinds of live stock. Care, however,
must be exercised not to turn sheep or
cattle in a clover meadow when they are
hungry or when it is wet with rain or
dew, since bloating may occur. If but
one crop of hay is cut, considerable pas-
ture is furnished during the summer and
autumn, but if two crops of hay or one
crop of hay and one crop of seed are
harvested little pasture will result.
Clover will furnish some pasture the fall
of the year it is sown, although it should
be pastured lightly.
Red clover produces satisfactory yields
of hay throughout the clover area. Either
two crops of hay or one trop of hay and
one of seed may be produced the same
season. Since mammoth clover produc-
es but one crop a season it may be pas-
tured until the first part of June. As
soon as the stock is removed the mead-
ow should be clipped so that the plants
will make a more even growth. Clover
hay is a very nutritious feed, being rich
in protein and for this reason makes an
excellent forage for growing animals and
milk cows.
Red clover makes excellent green feed
for milk cows. The average yields of
green matter of red clover vary from 6
to 12 tons per acre. The season for soil-
ing may commence about 10 days before
the plants come into bloom and continue
as long as the plants remain green.
Bloating does not occur when clover is
fed in this manner, but it must not be
wet with dew or rain when cut, nor
should it be wilted.
As a soil-improving crop red clover can
not be excelled. By proper utilization in
rotations it is possible to maintain the
supply of nitrogen and humus in the
soil. Yields of grain crops have been in-
creased as much as 10 bushels to the
acre by turning under clover sod. Red
clover is sometimes used as a grezn ma-
nure crop. This is to be recommended
only where soils are very low in humus
and artificial fertilizers are used exclu-
sively.
Red clover is best adapted to deep,
well-drained clay loams and calcareous
loams, which are fairly rich in humus.
Sandy soils well supplied with humus
also produce good crops of clover. Soils
poor in lime will rarely produce good
crops of clover unless they contain an
abundant supply of humus. With the
addition of lime, however, most soils con-
sidered to be “clover sick” or “acid” can
be made to grow clover satisfactorily. As
most soils in the clover belt are becom-
ing ‘‘acid” it is recommended that all
soils be tested for acidity before being
planted to clover. The litmus paper test
is simple and fairly reliable. Results,
however, should be based not on a sin-
i gle test but on a number of tests with
i soil collected in different parts of the
i field. Two to four tons of finely ground
limestone or one to two tons of caustic
lime should be applied to “acid” soils.
Throughout the greater part of the
clover belt clover is seeded in the spring
on winter wheat or with spring grain. In
the southern part of the clover belt seed-
ing in corn at the last cultivation has
been successful. When red clover is
seeded on winter grain it is sown broad-
cast early in the spring when the ground
is honeycombed by freezing and thaw-
ing. If sown later when the ground can
be worked it is broadcasted and harrow-
ed in or seeded as shallow as possible
with a disk drill. In the spring grain
sections red clover is sown at the same
time the grain is drilled. It is the prac-
tice in some locations to attach a grass
seeding attachment to the grain drill and
drop the clover seed either in front or
behind the grain hose. If dropped in
front of the grain hose the drill will cov-
er it, but if droped behind it should be
harrowed in. Care should be taken to
see that the seed is covered about one
inch in loam soils and one-half inch
in clay soils. IL is important that the
seed be well covered so that the young
plants will have sufficient moisture to
become established. Itis recommended
on soils which are poor in humus to ap-
ply a dressing of straw or manure to the
winter wheat. This will help to control
washing and packing as well as the loss
of moisture. It may be the means of
establishing a stand which would other-
wise fail. Eight to ten pounds of seed
are usually sown to the acre. ’
Red clover should be cut for hay when
just past full bloom. At this stage the
maximum protein and dry matter is
present, the leaves are still intact, and
the stems green. The hay should be so
handled that it will reach the barn or
stack with the least possible exposure to
the weather and loss of leaves. It should
not be allowed to become too dry in the
windrow and should be cured in the
shock. The second crop of clover may
be cut for hay, pastured, or allowed to
mature - for seed. If a seed crop
is to be harvested it should be cut
when nearly all of the heads have turn-
ed brown or black. The mower, self-
rake reaper, or binder may be used to
cut the crop. When the mower is used -
the hay should be raked and bunched
while damp to prevent shattering. It
should not be tied in bundles when the
binder is used.
Observations indicate that failure to
obtain a successful stand of clover is due
to a number of different causes, any one
or,any combination of which may react
very unfavorably to its growth. The
primary causes of clover failure appear to
be due to depletion of the humus content
of the soil and soil “acidity.” Clover
will not succeed on poorly drained soil.
Lack of fertility reduces the yield in
some sections. In the spring grain sec-
tions the nurse crop should be seeded
from one-half to two-thirds the usual
rate.
When a full seeding of the nurse crop
is made, and this is especially true of
oats, the greater portion of the soil mois-
ture is used by the grain. The clover
plants thus become weakened and when
the grain is cut they are killed by the
hot sun before they have time to recov-
er. Alsike clover does well on soil which
will no longer grow red clover, and where
moisture is sufficient it is recommended
that alsike be planted. Sweet clover or
soy beans are very good soil renovators,
and they may replace red clover in rota-
tions.