Deworraiic atc
Bellefonte, Pa., April 23, 1915.
I WILL.
I will start anew this morning, with a higher,
fairer creed:
I will cease to stand complaining of ruthless
neighbor’s greed;
I will cease to sit repining while my duty’s call is
clear,
I will waste no moment whining and my heart
shall know no fear.
I will look sometimes about me for the things ;
that merit praise;
I will search for hidden beauties that elude the
grumbler’s gaze;
I will try to find contentment in the paths that I
must tread;
Iwill cease to have resentment when another
moves ahead.
I will not be swayed by envy when my rival's
strength is shown:
I will not deny his merit, but I'll strive to prove
my own;
I will try to see the beauty spread before me,
rain or shine—
I will cease to preach your duty and be more
concerned with mine.
—S. E. Kiser.
WHY MEN SHOULD VOTE FOR WOM-
AN SUFFRAGE.
Great waves of thought sweep over the
world during different periods. The ebb
and flow of the tide has not a local start-
ing place; it rather seems to come from
“out the great deep” of thought and in-
tention of a supreme power. Woman
Suffrage is not taking possession of our
land and other lands because the women
are determined to get into power as
many think, but because they are willing
to accept and fulfill a great trust that
they believe is being given to them.
They have always believed and still
believe that their chief sphere is’ to be
the helpmate of man, and as man’s life
broadens and expands he must realize
that the quick perception of woman will
be a help to him in municipal and state
affairs. Man must also acknowledge
that he has not made a complete success
of state craft. Although woman does not
promise to altogether accomplish such a
feat, she is willing to try to do her part
When the Isrealites ' felt themselves
growing into a powerful nation, they |
were stirred by the conviction that they
would be even more powerful had they a
King and they asked for a King. Neither
Saul nor David was very anxious to bear
the responsibilities of such an office, but
they were chosen of God to answer the
cry. No nations at the present time are
crying for Kings, but their need of help
which is crying out to Heaven seems to
be answered by the inspiration of the
women to ask for Suffrage.
Why do we ask for a vote? Is it be-
cause we wish to hold office? No, many
times no. The number of women desirous
of holding office in those States which
have had woman suffrage for several
years is so small that the question can-
not be counted.
Many fair minded men consider the
vote is woman’s right, as much her right
as man’s, but feel she is going to lose |
their respect by demanding it. One day
while motoring through Fairmount Park
© in Philadelphia we looked at the statues
on the high pedestals near Horticultural
hall. Generals of our Civil war were
raised high above our heads and one had
his foot lifted about to take a step. My
companion exclaimed “See that general
is like the women, he is about to step off
his pedestal!”
Why men are so snxious to keep us on
pedestals where we are cramped and un-
comfortable and often useless I cannot
imagine. If they think they are going to
lose their respect for us when they find
us working side by side with them for
the betterment of the home and schools
and civic life, they are mistaken, and the
sooner we have the opportunity to prove
it to them the better. Woman is not go-
ing to lose her womanliness, she would
have lost it long before this had that
been possible. Mrs. Robinson, Senator
of Colorado, says the effect of the re-
sponsibilities of the Senatorship upon her
has been to make her talk as little as
possible. When a young woman is
obliged to earn her living for herself and
perhaps her mother or crippled father
and to do so is obliged to take a position
with a business firm, do the men lose
their respect for her? No ! They rather
show it by changing the customs of the
firm. For instance business men have
told me that since women stenographers
have been employed smoking has been
almost abolished during business hours.
Instead of being contaminated by going
to the polls, their presence will have an
elevating effect. They are not shown
any discourtesy at railroad stations while
buying tickets.
We are again asked the question.
What are we going to gain? Take for
example what has been done in New
York prisons by the appointment of Miss
Davis as Director of Prisons! After the
strike in the prison of New York the
warden said it could not have been set-
tled had it not been for the wise counsel
of Miss Davis. Woman’s work on the
school boards is invaluable, also on sani-
tary commissions.
The call of Queen Wilhelmina to the
women to meet at the Hague to discuss
peace has been answered by the sailing
of some of the wisest women of our
land. Who can say that Jane Addam’s
life is not wise, noble and useful? Miss
Addams asks for Suffrage because she
feels the need of it in accomplishing the
grand purposes she is endeavoring to ac-
ee ————
} complish at Hall House.
If we cannot | RETURNING FROM INDIA.
do much with the vote for ourselves
we wish to have it for the sake of such |
women as Miss Addams.
Any one who has seen the War Brides
oreven read it must have been stirred by
the awful reality of an old mother losing
four sons in the trenches. Joan's reply
to the young soldier who said as he start-
ed off to war that he would be glad to
die for his country was “We women
would die for peace.”
In time of war women are obliged to |
take men’s positions, having to gather in |
the crops, run the factories, police the |
towns, to be hewers of wood and drawers
of water, and are equal to it. When
compelled by men’s entangling their
nations and homes in a greedy and aw-
ful war they are found fit for such re-
sponsibilities, but when they ask for
them in times of peace, some men hold
up their hands in holy horror exclaiming
“You are not fit, it is not intended.”
There is no doubt we shall need to be
educated to vote intelligently and by that
education woman’s point of view will be
broadened, as it has been in Norway and
Sweden. The newspapers print many
reports of “women’s votes sold” but be-
fore we accept such reports they should
be investigated. - It is also said that wom.
en sell their votes through ignorance.
Let them be taught as men are that it is
a crime. Miss MacAlarney’s talk before
the Civic club was a most able treatment
of Women and War. Her very femininity
added force to her plea for Woman
Suffrage.
By One on Medical Duty in that Far Eastern
CALCUTTA, JANUARY 29th, 1914.
Dear Home Folk:
To go on, I came down with two Aus-
trian women who had been staying at
the same house so, although we left at
two o’clock in the afternoon and did not
reach Calcutta until the next day at elev-
en o'clock, and had to change cars twice,
for part of our journey was by ferry, I
was neither tired nor lonely.
I have been in Calcutta since Tuesday
and will stay until tomorrow night, when
I will again move on. Cook’s have giv-
€n me my transportation to Pittsburgh
and everything is in order for my on-
ward way and, except that I have a week
just now that I truly don’t want, my
things are in perfect order. But as in-
formation is hard to obtain out of cities
and it is really my first attempt at mak-
foreign lands, my extra week of time is
perhaps not bad. But, I could have spent
it so nicely with friends, had I but known
sooner.
We went to see the great Banyan tree
yesterday; it is like a small clump of
trees, as its roots have been carefully
protected and directed into the ground
and its branches thus supported grow to
an unbelievable length. The rest of the
garden was very beautiful, but not more
so than many others I have seen. .
The whole city is particularly interest-
ing from its contrasts for here the Ben-
gali holds full sway and they, having
adopted all European dress, except the
trousers, and nearly all other forms of
conveyances and living as well, and to
see these half naked brown men, with-
ANNE HARRIS Hoy.
Stable Manure Best Garden Fertilizer,
Says Dean Watts.
STATE COLLEGE PA., April 22.—Empha-
sizing the importance of favorable soil
conditions for growing vegetables, R. L.
Watts, dean of the school of agriculture
of the Pennsylvanid State College, said
by the employment of proper methods
almost any soil may be made good enough
to grow successfully ordinary vegeta-
bles.
Dean Watts offered the following sug-
gestions to the home gardener: “The soil
should be kept open and porous so that
rain will penetrate it instead of running
off the surface. The addition of liberal
amounts of decayed manure will do more
than anything else to put most soils in
proper physical condition.
bile; or to see an Indian man and wom-
an walking side by side, talking as friends,
is truly interesting.
The city reminds me so much of New
Orleans; I every little while am imagin-
ing myself in that old city. The houses
are mostly two-storied but built back be-
hind great high, solid fences and there
will be a little window, heavily barred
with iron, through which the “chokidar”
will inquire your business. The gate
“The most successful growers on Long
Island and in other regions where vege-
tables are grown on a large scale, find
that from 30 to 50 tons of stable manure
to the acre can be used to advantage.
This amount may be applied at one time,
as is the custom with most growers, or
divided into two or three applications
made previous to the starting of the
crops at different times during the grow-
ing season. The latter plan is preferable
especially for shallow rooted crops like
onions and celery. Soils well filled with
organic matter usually retain sufficient
moisture to meet the needs of all vege-
tables. Liberal manuring is particularly
important when it is not possible to irri-
gate.”
To meet the needs of most garden
crops, Dean Watts recommends a com-
mercial fertilizer containing 4 per cent.
nitrogen and from 6 per cent. te 8 per
cent, potash and phosphoric acid. This
plant food he considered as supplemen-
tary to stable manure.
SE ————
New Courses at Penn State for Summer
Session Students.
opens and you see a big pillared house
with many palms and ferns on its porti-
co; but rarely do you see a human being
since all is carefully further screened
from prying eyes. The dirt and dust of
other parts of India is not only present,
but is multiplied many times, and in
adopting the English customs the really
uniqueness has gone and now the dirt
and unsanitary conditions are repulsive,
The river trip that we took yesterday
in going to the park was very delightful
but the antiquated boats that rubbed
noses with the most up-to-date big crafts
from England and Amsterdam made me
think of the pictures one sees of the old
galley slave boats of ancient Greece. I
know I would very shortly be so ill did I
have to sail in one of them; I wouldn’t
much care whether I ever saw you all
again or not. But the numerous ferry
boats carrying workmen and suburban
dwellers made the river seem just like
the Delaware, providing, of course, you
did not too closely investigate the indi-
viduals leaning on the rails.
But oh, the crows! Nowhere else do
they make such a racket as here and
each morning I have been roused and
decidedly annoyed at four-thirty by these
beastly birds. I sure don’t want to be-
long to any society that protects them,
although they are good scavengers; I
think it would be much more to the
STATE COLLEGE, Pa., April 22,—Nine
courses never before offered during the
summer session have been added to the
curriculum of the summer school at the
Pennsylvania State College, according to
an announcement issued today by Dr. E.
R. Smith, acting director. The session
will open June 28, continuing six weeks,
through August 6.
Penn State’s summer session, designed
primarily for teachers in the State’s pub-
lic schools, provides studies to meet the
needs of teacher in all lines of work, and
especially the scientific lines of agricul-
point to gather up the refuse and kill the
crow.
My boxes are off but I have not gotten
the bill so must ask vou to settle for me.
I'll enclose the letter from Cox & Co., so
you will know what firm will receive the
things. Now just what they mean by a
certificate I am not sure; I could swear
to what I sent you as being the truth,
had I but known, and of course the
things are all mine and except for what
I wish to give away, are for our own per-
sonal use. :
(Continued next week.)
Ee re
ture, home economics, manual training,
public school drawing and the sciences.
A new course in agriculture will be
conducted by Professor L. H. Dennis, of
the State department of public instruc-
tion, an expert in agricultural education.
Miss Sara Lovejoy, director of the de-
partment of home economics of the State
College, will offer courses in textiles and
garment making. Six other experts will
conduct thirteen other courses in this
subject. Other new courses will be given
in rural education and school hygiene,
geology, a teachers’ courses in Latin, in
psychology, graduate study, religious in-
struction and in physical education. Miss
Mary W. Hinman, of Chicago, will be in
charge of pageantry and folk dancing.
On the program of public lectures and
entertainments are: Dr. Edward How-
ard Griggs, who will give a series of five
lectures; Dean Shailer Mathews, of the
University of Chicago; Dr. J. George
Becht, of the State board of education;
Professor S. H. Clark, and classical plays
by the Ben Greet players.
More than 1,000 students are expect-
ed to attend the session.
CLEAN UP YOUR TOWN.
The pledge of the Junior Civic Im.
provement committee of Bellefonte,
which should be adopted by the residents
of every town in Centre county, to be
worked out by both the children and
adults, in their “clean up” campaign this
spring:
I want to help make our town a better
place to live in, and to this end I
promise to comply with the following
rules to the best of my ability:
1. I will help clean up yards, streets
and alleys.
2. 1 will plant flower seeds, bulbs,
vines, shrubbery, etc.
3. I will help make garden,
lawn in good condition.
4. I promise not to deface fences or
buildings, neither will I scatter paper or
rubbish in public places.
5. I will not spit upon the floor
building or on the sidewalk.
6. Iwill try to influence others
keep our town clean.
7. 1 will always protect birds and ani-
mals, and all property belonging to oth-
in Number of Enlisted in
Navy.
Pa. Second
Where the enlisted men of the navy
come from is shown in a statement by
Secretary Daniels. The figures were com-
piled as a result of a recent question by
President Wilson whether most of the
sailors were not from coastwise States,
“An analysis shows,” said Mr. Daniels,
“that interior States such as Illinois, In-
diana, Towa, Ohio and Pennsylvania fur-
nish their fair quota to the personnel of
the navy. It may be stated, too, that a
further analysis shows a majority of
these young men enlisting in the navy do
not come from the cities or seaport
towns, but from the smaller communi-
ties.”
and keep
of any
to help
There were 52,667 enlisted men on ery I : tat
’ . 1promise to be a true, loyal citizen.
June 30, 1914, and of these five came | may not be able to do all the
from Alaska and 2102 from the insular
possessions. New York, with 7922, led
all the States, and Pennsylvania was
second with 5013. Delaware had 212;
Maryland, 1588, and New Jersey, 2658.
things, but will do as much as 1 can to
help our town and community.
Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant Pellets work won-
ders in cleaning the sallow complexion,
brightening the dull eyes, and sweeten-
ing the foul breath. Itis a natural med-
icine, not forcing Nature but coaxing
er.
——"Yes,” said the young physician of
aristocratic lineage, “our family has a
motto, but I prefer not to use it. It isa
little too suggestive in my profession.”
“What is the motto?”
“Faithful unto death.”
——Have your Job Work done here,
———————
| TRE MODERN PERILS OF THE SEA.|
out hats or turbans, driving an automo- |
i
|
|
{
i
i
|
The disastrous result of the use of sub-
Country. Beautiful Scenery and Majestic marine mines, both on naval and mer-
Mountains on the Trip South Through India. ) | chant vessels, in the North Sea,
suggests
the question how such attacks can be
guarded against, and this subject is dis-
cussed in an article in the war issue of
the Scientific American of October 3.
Because of its absolute invisibility the
submarine mine in its present state of
development is the most deadly form of
naval warfare. Certainly it has to its
credit the greatest disasters to ships of
the first class and the greatest number of
| such disasters during the past decade of
naval history.
As compared with torpedo attack, min-
: ing has the advantage of greater secrecy
and invisibility: and this is true even
when the torpedo is launched from the
submarine.
In the case of the submarine mine the
element of secrecy is so perfect that, if
it so happens that the mine field has not
been located, a fleet under way has no
possible means of knowing when or
where it may encounter these deadly ma-
chines: It is true that, when the mine
field has been located, or in waters where
its presence is to be expected, mines may |. i
ing arrangements for long journeys in | be
removed by the operation known as
sweeping,” as will be explained ‘later in
the present article; but no amount of
sweeping, nor the most extensive scout-
ing, can rid the harbors and high seas
which form the scheme of naval opera-
tion of this most deadly menace.
The type in general use in the coast
defense in this country is the electro con-
tact mine. The mines are planted in
successive rows across the channel to be
defended, and they are “staggered” so
that if a vessel should pass through the
first row, it must inevitably strike one or
more in the latter rows. They are plant-
ed in what is known as “grand groups,”
which consist of twenty-one mines in
groups of three. Some distance in the
rear of the line of mines there lies on
the bottom of the channel a grand junc-
tion box, which in turn controls its small
group of three mines. From the grand
junction box, also, the multiple ca-
ble winds its way to the switchboard
connection in the operating room on the
shore.
The grand junction box is placed at
the center of the line of mines and about
100 feet to the rear. The triple junction
boxes are laid in a straight line at inter-
vals of 300 feet; from each of these box-
€s separate cables lead to each’ of three
mines, twenty-one in all, being spaced
100 feet apart,~in a line which extends
2,000 feet across the channel. Each mine
is anchored by a cable, being such that
each mine will float at a depth of ten or
twelve feet below the surface of the
water.
Now, it can readily be seen that since
the modern warship is from eighty to
nearly 100 feet in width, it would be im-
possiple for an enemy’s vessel to pass
through two or three successive lines of
mines disposed as above, without coming
in contact with at least two or three.
The mine itself, containing the explo-
sive charge, is a hollow steel sphere fill-
ed with explosive and provided with a
detonating charge and -a trigger which
serves on being struck by a ship to ex-
plode the mine. From the bottom of
the spherical mine a length of cable pass-
es to an anchor chamber, where it is
wound upon a windlass; and, extending
below the anchor chamber, is a plummet
weight which assists in bringing the
spherical mine to rest at the required
depth.
When a ship strikes the spherical
mine the latter is rotated and the con-
tact lever is brought into touch with the
hull of the ship, and by its action deto-
nates the mine. In order to reduce the
chances of a ship’s passage unscathed
through a mine field, the mines are some-
times laid in pairs, each pair supported
by floats.
In this case, when the bow of a ship
engages the connecting cable the two
mines are drawn inwardly against the
sides of the ship, the effect, of course, be-
ing doubly destructive.
The only possible defense against mines
are countermining and sweeping. In the
former case an attempt is made to set off
the mines by detonating high explosives
among them. The more effective meth-
od is to remove the mines altogether by
“sweeping” operations, which are carried
out as follows: Two vessels of light
draft, such, for instance, as torpedo boat
destroyers or tugs, or (as in the case of
sweeping operations carried out by the
English in the North Sea) steam traw-
lers, proceed through the mine field
abreast of each other, say, from 100 to
200 yards apart, and drag over the bot-
tom of the mine field a leng*h of heavy
chain, which is connected a. its ends to
the two mine sweeping vessels. The
chain as it is dragged over the bottom
engages such mines as lie in its path,
which are destroyed by contact with each
other or a few well directed shots from
the vessels of the mine sweeping fleet.
for Municipal
Campaigns.
Suggestions Clean-up
It has become customary in many
States to inaugurate a certain day or
week to be devoted to cleaning up the
municipality. In fact, “Spring Cleaning
Week” has been an institution in many
of our eastern cities for some time. Not
until one has seen the array of moldy
clothing and paper, decayed vegetation,
boxes of musty sweepings and discarded
furniture which day after day awaits the
special rubbish carts in such a “spring-
cleaning week” does he realize the dan-
gers from disease and fire that can be
thus averted.
The mayor should issue a suitable proc-
lamation calling upon all citizens to clean
up cellars, yards, area-ways, and their
entire property, to the end that the town
may start the summer free of disease-
breeding accumulations of trash and
filth. Of course, the whole campaign de-
pends on the cooperation of the citizens,
it being their duty to clean out their own
premises thoroughly and put the waste
material at a place readily accessible to
the waste and ash collector for removal.
Clergymen, in addressing their congre-
gations on the Sunday immediately prior
to Clean-up Week, should request the co-
operation of their parishioners in their
endeavor to make everything “spick and
span.” .
An extensive and effective means of
advertising should be entered into in or-
der that every citizen may know the date
and the object of the clean-up campaign
and give his best cooperation. By proper
publicity, through the press and by ieaf-
lets distributed to the school children
and from house to house, the campaign
can be made to go with a swing.
——They are all good enough, but the
WATCHMAN is always the best.
|
|
i
‘
The Faitnful Dog.
Once upon a time there was a man
who set out upon a quest.
“Where are you going?” asked his
friends. “That is a -secret,” said the
man, “but I know that the journey will
take me many days and weeks and
Those of you who love me best and are
not ,afraid of the journey may come with
Now, the man was a great favorite
with the people of his city; more, he was
good and wise, and his advice had kept
them from much blundering. .
So now a great many of them cried
i aloud, “I will go!” and the heart of the
man was glad.
They set off from the
city,a great company, for even the horses
and the cats, and the dogs and the chil-
dren loved the man.
“I also will go,”
son for the quest.
Far in the rear of the procession trail-
ed an ugly cur, who limped painfully as
he walked. He had not known the man
in his prosperous days before he under-
took the quest, and he merely followed
homeless and hungry.
When the party camped the man call-
ed the dog to him and patted him and
offered him food.
slept beside the man.
Next morning the procession moved
forward again, but the spirit seemed to
have gone from it. The young men be-
gan to make excuses and speak of the
sweethearts they had left behind, and a
great party of them bade the man good-
bye and started for home.
Next day the older men spoke among
themselves of their business and social
daughters left behind, and they also bade
good-bye to the man and started on their
homeward way.
The man was so sad at this that he
sat beside the fire with his head in his
hands. Presently he felt a soft nose nuz-
zle his hand, and crouched at his feet
was the cur, trying to comfort him.
the houses and pleasant gardens they
had left, and with their husbands and
children they also rode away. Among
them was the man’s wife, who said that
she went to make things comfortable for
him when he should return from his
senseless quest. But the man felt so
badly that he made no answer at all, just
sat and caressed the cur which licked his
hand.
On and on traveled the man swiftly to
forget his sorrow, and painfully, far in
the rear, limped the sore footed cur. At
last he came to a desert, and so weary
was he that he lay senseless on the hot
sands until the quiet stars came out and
brooded over the desert and cooled the
air. Then the man opened his heavy
eyes and moaned feebly, for he knew
that he had not long to live.
“So I gave up life in a vain quest. I
have not found faith to death, nor daunt-
less love!” cried he sadly.
“Nay, you have found that which you
sought,” said a voice. The man looked
about, but no person was near. His eyes
wandered toward the horizon, whence a
lonely figure came limping toward him.
As he came nearer the man saw that the
cur’s tongue hung far out, and his breath
came in gasps, but in his ugly eyes shone
a light that made them wondrously
beautiful to the man.
“I cannot leave him,” cried the man
tenderly, fondling the ugly cur.
“You shall not leave him,” said the
voice. “His faithfulness shall know no
dying. You shall dwell together in the
great beyond.”
When they found the body of the man
they wondered why his face wore such a
look of peace, and why the body of the
limping, ugly cur was nestled in his arms.
The Age of the Earth.
Since it was definitely proved that this
earth of ours is much more than the few
thousands of years old once believed to
be its age various attempts have been
made to determine how old it is. Such
a problem might seem so difficult as to
be insoluble, but there are several meth-
ods of attacking it with some hopes of
solution. One has been measuring the
thickness of the stratified rocks and com-
paring this with rates of deposition
known to be occurring. A second is by
a calculation based upon the cooling of
the earth since its first condition of uni-
form temperature. A third method is
by the saltness of the sea, assuming that
at first the water was fresh and has been
made salt by the carrying into it by the
rivers of salts that have dissolved it out
of the soil. A fourth method is by the
disintegration of radio-active material.
Such matter originally radio-active is
slowly disintegrating to give rise to
helium, and the amount of helium, divided
by the rate of its formation, would give
the age of the rocks. Another calcula-
tion is based upon the assumption that
the moon was once broken away from
the earth, and gives its results from the
calculated age of the moon. Each of
these methods has its decided inac-
curacies,and each involves certain prelim-
inary assumptions. It is not surpris-
ing, therefore, to find rather wide varia-
tions in the results, but it is significant to
find that they all agree in giving an age
of the same general order of magnitude.
They all agree in giving an age to be
calculated not by thousands nor even
millions, but tens of millions or even
hundreds of millions; the lowest calcu-
lation going over fifty millions and the
highest passing up into hundreds of mil-
lions. While we may not know even ap-
proximately how old the world is, we
may be confident that for some hundreds
of millions of years, at least, it has been
pursuing its great swift journey through
limitless space.
Dreams are the pirates of the sea of
sleep. What should be a pleasant voyage
through the night becomes a fearful
struggle against hideous foes. Dreams
are often symptoms of disease. When
the stomach and organs of digestion and
nutrition are in a disordered or diseased
condition the sleep is commonly broken
and disturbed. To sleep well is a neces-
sity to health. Sleep is nature’s “sweet
restorer,” and “knits up the raveled
sleeve of care.” One of the results of
the use of Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical
Discovery is sound, refreshing sleep. The
“Discovery” heals diseases of the stom-
ach and digestive and nutritive organs,
and purifies the blood, thus removing
the common cause of wakefulness and
disturbing dreams. It contains no alco-
hol, neither opium cocaine nor other
narcotic. It benefits ninety-eight per
cent. of all those who give it a fair and
faithful trial.
—~—=Subscribe for the WATCHMAN,
said the man’s wife, |
who loved him, although she saw no rea. i to
That night the cur |
affairs and the loneliness of wives and |
Next day the women thought about |
|
i
i
i
|
f
i
|
i
|
!
| of water at the bottom
i
|
|
|
i
|
i
{
|
i
i
.a long distance, and so
EE eee
How Shot is Made.
The manufacture of shot, described by
Mr. O. C. Horn, in Forest and Stream, re-
quires a high tower, a perforated pan, a
tank of water and “tempered” lead.
Shot is made by dropping molten lead
Y€4rs. | from a high point to the earth. The lead
forms into globules just as the raindrops
do when they fali from the clouds. Or-
dinarly, we do not realize that raindrops
are little spheres, but under the proper
conditions they freeze, and we have hail-
stones, which may be called shot made
of ice.
In the making of shot, pure lead is
melted and mixed with a “temper’’ that
consists mainly of tin, and then poured
into a perforated pan or sieve. The per-
forations vary according to the size of
shot to be made.
A temper is mixed with lead in order
make the globules form when the lead
falls. If pure lead were used, it would
fall in the form of little bars, instead of
round shot.
In order that
the globules may have
plenty of time to
form, the lead must fall
towers are built.
dred and fifty feet.
The perforated pan into which the
molten lead is poured is at the top of the
tower, and the globules of lead fall
through the perforations into the tanks
of the tower. The
water cools them, also prevents them
from flattening out, as they would if they
fell on a solid floor.
From the water the shot goes to steam
driers. After drying the perfect shot are
separated from the imperfect by means
of glass tables inclined enough so that
the shot, when poured on at one end of
the table will roll to the other end. At
the farther end of the table are two gut-
ters side by side. The imperfect shot
roll slowly and with difficulty, so that
they have not. enough momentum to car-
ry them bevond the first gutter. The
perfectly round shot roll easily and swift-
{ ly. and when they reach the foot of the
table, they jump nimbly across the first
gutter and land in the second.
After separation, the perfect shot are
polished by rolling in plumbago, and
workmen then put them in bags for ship-
ment or send them direct to the car-
tridge-filling department to be loaded
into shells.
ernest ———
Many Buy Iron Rings.
German sympathizers in and around
Philadelpha to the number of 2500 have
exchanged gold for iron to help the cause
of the Fatherland, according to the an-
nouncement of Mrs. Franz Ehrlich, of
the Woman’s Aid Society, of the German
Society of Pennsylvania, at No. 1211 Arch
street. For their gold trinkets and rings
they receive an iron ring decorated with
a fac-simile of the famous Iron Cross
with the inscription, “To Show My Loy-
alty to the Fatherland I Give Gold for
Iron,” on the inside.
All funds raised in this manner are
given to the German Red Cross, to be
devoted to the relief of wounded German
soldiers and sailors or for the orphans of
men killed in battle. More than $200,000
has been raised to date in the United
States. With each ring is given a certifi-
cate, and in the office of Mrs Ehrlich is
a framed certificate that was issued to
her husband’s mother when she - was a
young girl during the troublous times of
1814 when the Prussian nation was at its
lowest ebb.
It was during the Napoleonic wars
that the custonr originated. The Ger-
mans were nearly destitute, and the
women gave up their jewelry and valu-
ables, even cutting off their hair and sell-
ing it in order to maintain an army in
the field to combat the power of France.
For these sacrifices they received an iron
ring similar in every way to the ones
which are being given now. The custom
was revived about six months ago by the
German Historical society of New York,
which is handling the entire movement,
making and selling the rings and collect-
ing the funds.
There have been many pathetic inci-
dents and interesting tales related by
those who have come to barter for the
rings. Several veterans of the German
army, as well as children and aged men
and women, have brought treasures
which in many cases were heirlooms
that had been brought from the Father-
land and were hard to part with, but
they gave them up willingly and proud-
ly carried off the token of sacrifice. All
gold and silver received is melted into
one large lump and then taken to the
Mint, where it is sold.
Day of Reckoning.
“John, you owe me 17 cents.”
“Yes, but I paid the gas bill and you
owe me $1.23.”
“But I paid the groceries and that
made you owe me 51 cents.”
“True, but I paid 45 cents for tele-
phones.”
“I know, but you borrowed 86 cents” —
“Caesar! Here's $2; let's begin all
over again.”
Good Advice, Too.
Weedy-Looking Youth (to well-
known pugilist)—“I want to learn the
art of self-defense. It’s very difficult,
isn’t it?” Pugilist—"“Oh, no; auite
easy to a man of your physique. All
you have to do is to keep a civil
tongue in your head.”
No Post-Mortem Touch.
“Loan me $5 until Thursday, old
man. If I live till then I'll surely pay
you.” “All right. But if you sues
cumb, don’t send anybody around to
touch me for the funeral expenses.
b— it i
Sign Posts for Aeronauts.
The officials of a number of gas
companies of Europe have agreed to
paint geographical signs on the tops
of their gasometers to act as sign
posts to aeronauts.
a ———— as rsnins
Might Make Things Worse.
“Why can’t I have this case, doo
tor?” pleaded the nurse. “It is palpi
tation of the heart. You are too
pretty for cases where the heart is
affected.”—Pittsburgh Post.
—————
Only Achievement Counts.
It is better to have one good idea
and carry it into effect than to have
& score of good ideas and merely talk
about them,