Deusen
Bellefonte, Pa., March 27, 1914.
-
WAKE UP, FLOWERS.
Dear little blossoms down under the snow,
You must be weary of winter, I know.
Hark while I sing you a message of cheer—
Summer is coming and springtime is here.
Little white snowdrops, I pray you arise,
Bright yellow crocus, come, open your eyes,
Sweet little violets, hid from the cold,
Put on your mantles of purple and gold.
Daffodils, daffodils, say, do you hear?
Summer is coming and springtime is here.
Emily Huntingdon Milley.
FROM INDIA.
By One on Medical Duty in that Far Eastern
Country. Interesting Story of Visit to Sick
Woman. A Typical Indian City. Natives Kiss
Feet as Token of Gratitude.
JuansI, FEBRUARY 16th, 1913.
Dear Home Folk:
This is Sunday and I wish I could have
taken you all with me toa case I went to
see this morning; it would certainly have
been fascinating to your eyes. The men
who came for me were very rich Mo-
hammedans and were dressed in their
particular kind of clothes, but much
more richly than I have ever seen before.
When we arrived at their house I found
it was a two-story affair—a most unusual
thing in Jhansi. I first went into a small
room where there were grouped a lot of
men, evidently belonging to the family
in some relationship. They were all very
elegant. Most of them were squatting
on magnificent rugs with a heavy cotton
comfort, made of brilliant stuff, drawn
around them. Of course (almost like
comic opera) they arose to their feet as I
entered and bowing, placed one hand on
their forehead and said “salaam.” 1
walked on through to an open court-
yard in the rear, where there were
chickens and dirt of every description.
My guide turned and went straight up a
narrow stairway along the side of the
house; these steps were made of narrow
strips at least fifteen inches apart and
about two feet from house to railing.
We passed through an old wooden door-
way, such as you might see in a “dugout”
at home, and then into a big long room
with low, black ceiling, the floor abso-
lutely littered with clothes and native
beds, while for the first time I saw a
rope stretched and some garments were
thrown over it in place of a closet or
wardrobe. There were two or three
young girls standing looking at me—per-
fect beauties—one in particular, who was
perhaps fifteen years of age, dressed in
dark purple pajamas, which as I have
told you, are made like men’s riding
breeches, and a soft dark shirt. Over
her head and draped about her shoulders
was an orange yellow soft silk ‘“chuda.”
She stood looking at me, amongst all this
confusion, outlined against the black
back-ground of an open doorway beyond.
I smiled and touched my head saying
“salaam” and she instantly responded,
although the face muscles never moved.
I turned away from the picture into a
small room at my right and stepping
through a doorway guarded by the same
kind of doors mentioned before, I saw
seven or eight women, squatting on the
floor, or on the bed at the back of the
sick woman. This room was not over
six by eight feet in size and honestly,
was so full of litter I could not take a
single step until I shoved both animate
and inanimate things aside. The most
of these women appeared to be servants,
but the two squatting on the bed were
the mother and aunt of the patient.
Again such beauty—but of an older type;
one with iron-gray hair, and both dressed
very richly. The patient—with a tem-
perature of 104—had on black satin pa-
jamas, orange-yellow cashmere shirt,
black collar and cuffs and a striped
black and white “chuda.” She was lying
almost unconscious in the midst of the
greatest lot of stuff one could well imag-
ine. When I asked for material, silk
shirts were torn up to supply me and in
every possible place boxes of stuff were
piled but oh! such confusion and dirt—
chaos—more nearly expresses the actual
condition. Fortunately, three windows
let in plenty of:light and fresh air.
When I had finished my work and was
waiting until the nurse had packed up
our things, I turned to look out of the
window and here indeed was a typical
Indian city. Houses falling over each
other; no two in line and no two the
same height, some with verandas and
some without, no space between any of
them. Just a jumble of plaster huts
with tiled roofs, all whitewashed; a road
of gray dust and all outlined against an
intensely indigo-blue sky, with the sun-
shine so brilliant that not one scratch es-
caped notice; not a tree, not a shrub, not
a flower to soften or shade. I stood look-
ing and dreaming of how odd such a
place would seem if set down at home,
and how very different it all was from
what I had ever painted in my own eye.
The pictures of this east should always
be painted in lurid yellows and blues of
so brilliant a hue you would think them
unreal.
The nurse was ready and we went
down the stairway, past the men and
getting into the “tonga” were at once
surrounded by men, all asking questions,
all curious. If you searched the world
over I doubt whether you would find
another lot of people so eager to know
their neighbor’s business. Having an-
swered all the questions and repeated my
directions as to medicine for the
“steenth” time we came home. I am
sorry for this patient and I do hope she
will get well. They came for me early
in the week and through a misunder-
standing they did not bring her to the
hospital and I did not go to her.
The rest of this day has been spent
very quietly and now at eventide I am
sitting on the veranda learning how to
scold, by listening to a myriad of crows
snarling at each other about their beds
being monopolized by a big bald-headed
vulture and from the look of things I
think he will have to move for if they
keep on pecking at him he will be rawer |
looking than ever. It seems strange to
me that these birds of prey always want
like nothing living.
I did not go to church tonight and it is
my very first Sunday off since coming to
India, but the dust is now too deep to
walk through unless one sees a bath-tub
at the end of the journey, and instead I
am sitting on the veranda and watching
the bats. Have you ever seen bats at
least a foot and a half long? That is the
kind that circles around ones head in In-
dia; great horrid things. Did they ever
catch in your hair only a bloody skull
would remain to you. Truly they look
like our big owls at home.
You remember I have told you how
worn the toes of my shoes become in this
country; well, I have found another
cause besides the usual wear, and that is
due to the constant kissing of my feet
by the grateful friends of the patients. | port
Truly, my feet resemble the statue of
St. Peter, in Rome; it is said the great
toe is worn off to a very great extent,
due to the continual kissing. I rather
object as the shoe-man charges me a few
“annas” extra for the fixing of this place.
(Continued next week.)
What Makes those Women Mad.
In the April Woman's Home Companion
J. Nilsen Laurvik, writing an article en-
titled “John Bull’s Militant Daughters,”
states as follows the causes of the mili-
tant movement in England:
“First, the law of inheritance, which
in every instance excludes her in favor
of some male member of the family, often
leaving her a penniless dependent upon
the male relatives to whom her due share
has gone, and that further deprives her
of right to her own children unless they
are born out of wedlock; she has neither
dower rights nor rights as a mother. By
English law no married woman exists as
the mother of the child she brings into
the world. The child, according to Eng-
lish marriage laws, has only one parent,
and that parent is the father; while out
of marriage the law recognizes only one
parent and that parent is—the mother.
“Second, the unjustly discriminatory
divorce laws, designed to safeguard and
shield the man, and which even Mr. Glad-
stone declared to be ‘a gross injustice to
women in favor of men,’ an excellent
illustration of which is the case of the
wife of a day laborer in London told of
by Elizabeth Robins: ‘Mrs. B. was an
applicant for a separation order (since
divorce is too dear a luxury for any of
this class). The ground.of Mrs. B's plea
was the infidelity of her husband. “You
can’t get a separation order for that.”
“Well, but he brings the woman home—
he keeps her in the house.” “That is no
ground.” Then the magistrate is given
the heart of the grievance. The husband
insists on having the interloper in his
wife's bedroom. No redress, while one
act of infidelity on her part entitles the
man to an absolute divorce.” This con-
dition applies to a@// English women. Com-
ment is superfluous.
“Third, the census of eight years ago
put the number of women working in
trades at four millions, and all these
women are without adequate representa-
tion, and in consequence most of them
are ill paid and overworked to a degree
shockingly unbelievable. In this, as in
the above and in most matters affecting
the welfare of women in England, there
is one law for men and another for wom-
en, and without the vote the women are
helpless to remedy these conditions. The
government itself offers an excellent il-
lustration of this inequality in the treat-
ment of its postal and telegraph em-
ployees. At one end of a telegraph line
you find a man earning £200 ($1,000) a
year and a woman at the other end earn-
ing £80 ($400).”’
No Passengers Killed in 1913.
Reports to the general office indicate
that not a single passenger out of 111,-
000,000 carried by the Pennsylvania rail-
road company in 1913 was killed in a
train accident.
Reports for the past six years show
that almost 600,000,000 passengers—more
than one-third of the whole world’s popu-
lation—have been carried by the Pennsyl-
vania railroad, and but sixteen of them
lost their lives in accidents to trains;
nine were killed in one accident. In six
years, out of approximately 5,000,000
trains operated—about 1,370 a day—only
five have suffered wrecks which caused
the death of any of the passengers car-
ried on them. Three of these were en-
tirely free from train accidents causing
the death of passengers.
The Pennsylvania management regards
every accident of any kind on its prop-
erty as one too many. Every effort is
being continually directed to the end
that the number of accidents of all kinds
may be steadily reduced and, if possible,
prevented.
——After an entertainment of seven-
teen years, Bramwell Booth and Balling-
ton Booth shook hands in New York in
November as the luncheon guests of
Rev. Alden L. Bennett, a mutual friend.
The meeting was private, and according
to an announcement, was a brotherly
one, entirely concerned with personal
matters. Presumably the suggested
amalgamation of the Salvation Army and
the Volunteers of America, of which the
brothers are the respective heads, was
not broached. Denial was made of the
report that Miss Eva Booth, commander-
of the army in this country, was to be
transferred to England.
How It Impressed Her.
“The nights are very long now,” he
sald, after they had been silent for
a long time. “Yes, sir,” she replied;
“it seems almost a week since you
came in.”
How the Colleges Were Named.
As a general rule colleges have been
. named in honor of their founders or of
some one who gave a large endowment
fund. Following are the names and in-
cidents of naming of some of our leading
institutions:
Harvard was named after John Har-
vard, who in 1638 left seven hundred and
seventy-nine pounds and his private li-
brary of three hundred books to the
school.
Dartmouth was named for Lord Dart-
mouth, a subscriber of large sums of
money toward its support, and president
of the first board of trustees.
Williams was named after Col. Eph-
riam Williams, a soldier of the old
French wars and a supporter of the
school.
to roost on a dead tree; they seem to
Brown received its name in honor of
Hon. Nicholas Brown, who was a grad-
uate of the university, became very
wealthy and gave it much money and a
large library.
Columbia received its name after the
Revolution out of a spirit of patriotism;
it was previously named King’s College.
Bowdoin was named in honor of Gov-
ernor Bowdoin, r+ Maine.
Colby was nam. i after Mr. Colby, of
Boston, a man who had lived in Maine
and who was much interested in the wel-
fare of what was then called Waterville
College. He gave large sums of money,
and practically put the college on a work-
ing basis.
Yale received its name from Elihu
Yale, a donor of various sums of money.
Cornell was named after Ezra Cornell,
its founder.
Dickinson College was named for Hon.
John Dickinson, who was one of the
presidents of the board of trustees, and
who gave very liberally toward its sup-
Leland Stanford was named in honor
of a small boy, the only son of a rich
California railroad man, who, before he
died, had many times expressed the wish
to do something great, when he grew up,
toward giving an education to boys who
could not afford to go away to college.
—By Walter K. Putney.
Pagoda-Like Fashions this Spring.
In the April Woman’s Home Companion
Grace Margaret Gould, fashion editor of
that publication, writes about pagoda-
like fashions and tells how this ancient
temple has influenced dress today. The
pagoda is a tall, slender, many-sided
tower, with ridges and eaves sticking out
all the way up. The typical fashionable
figure of today is now built out to give
much this effect. The pagoda influence
in dress means: towering hats of soft
satin, banked with filmy tulle, with spire-
like, feathery trimmings; De Medici and
lily collars that are wired to show points
that stick out; conspicuous shoulder
draperies which actually have the effect
of eaves; long flaring draperies on skirts;
short coats with flaring peplums.
Of the vagaries of fashions Miss Gould
says in part:
“Fashion is a lightning-change artist.
The difference is always the lure from
Paris to Kalamazoo!
“Fashion’s mind is never at ease. Her
life consists in trying one new thing after
another.
“This is not the first time, by any
means, that styles have been designed
from the architecture of a country. And
why shouldn’t they be? Arenot buildings
in a way a country’s clothes? Are they
not mammoth patterns which on a mam-
moth scale show the peculiarities of the
dress of its inhabitants?
“Did not the big Gainsborough hat re-
mind us of the dome of St. Paul’s or St.
Peter’s? And the crinoline of the pyramids
of Egypt? And the Grecian bend of the
Jeaning tower of Pisa? And the sheath
skirt of the minarets of India?
“Well, now, today we are going to have
pagoda-like fashions. Of course this
pagoda-like figure of the present styles is
a composite figure. Itis a blend of all
the modish suggestions and edicts which
are thrown on our screen from the big
magic lantern of fashion at Paris. We
need not adopt ali of them any more
than we need to buy and wear all the
model gowns which the shops are show-
ing.”
Agent Raps Local Movies.
After seeing 221 pictures in nine dif-
ferent moving picture theatres in this
city in one week, J. Clarence Funk, a
special agent of the government for the
suppression of so-called “White Slavery, ”
announced the following conclusions:
“It may be interesting to note that of
221 pictures (pictures are shown in one,
two, three and even six reels) seen in
nine different theatres, representing a
week’s run of films in each house, and
the entire display in Harrisburg, a care-
ful study resulted in the following statis-
tics:
“Not objectionable melodrama, 19; ob-
jectionable melodrama, 26; moral, 16;
near-moral, 10; humorous, 30; near-hu-
morous, 26; salacious, 18; depicting crim-
inality, 32; travel, 8; educational, 8; in-
different, 17; bad, 14.
“Thus it is to be observed that of the
entire 221 pictures, nearly two-thirds
were either objectionable or of nc real
value. As the ‘services’ are general, it
is not unfair to say that the pictures
above referred to represent the usual
type displayed throughout the country.
The conclusion is that from a moral and
elevating standpoint the moving picture
show today is scarcely a success.—Har-
risburg Star-Independent.
Records Broken by Mines in 1912.
Advance sheets of the report of James
E. Roderick, State chief of mines, for the
operations of 1912 show that the pro-
duction of coal in Pennsylvania broke all
records in that year. The aggregate out-
put touched 245,257,361 short tons, of
which 160,830,492 were bituminous and
84,426,869 anthracite. This tonnage, says
Mr. Roderick, is about one-half of the
whole tonnage of the United States for
that year and about one-fourth of the
tonnage of the world. Tie best previous
record was 235,615,459 tons, made in
1907. A striking comparison is made of
the output of 44,538,972 tons in 1880.
The section of the report just made
public deals chiefly with the soft coal.
Just 280 of the 458 mines in the State
are in the bituminous belt and in the
year covered by the report Vesta No. 4
mine of the Vesta Coal company, led
with 1,555,420 tons. The best anthracite
mine was the Prospect, of the Lehigh
Valley coal, with 1,152,690 tons; Wood-
ward, of the Lackawanna being next with
1,012,329 tons. The coal output was
worth $300,000,000 at the mines and the
consumers probably paid $700,000,000.
——Subscribe for the WATCHMAN.
WANTED ONE MORE RIDE.
But Neither Pride Nor Glory Figured
In His Ambition.
The Boston Transcript tells an amus-
ing story of one of the subjects of
Lord Kitchener. consul general in
Egypt, who turned the power and in-
fluence of the famous English soldier
to his personal profit.
While driving one day Lord Kitch-
ener noticed an old man in the street
whom he recognized as an acquaintance
from the Sudan. The consul general
ordered the driver to stop and invited
the old man to take a seat in the car-
riage. So the two drove together
through the town to the place to which
the Sudanese wanted to go.
A few days later the dark friend of
Lord Kitchener was seen hovering
about the British agency. At last an
officer asked him what he wanted.
“I should so much like to drive out
with Lord Kitchener once more.” the
old man replied.
“Why ?* the officer asked.
“You - see,” the Sudanese answered
naively. “after my friends and ac-
quaintances saw me sitting at the side
of Lord Kitchener they came to me,
one after the other. and from one I
received £3. from another £2, from oth-
ers £1 and 40 piasters from the very
poorest. They all believe that 1 could
speak in favor of El Lord.
“And.” the old man added, “I should
very much like to see that happen all
over again.”
VARYING FORCE OF RADIUM.
Powers of the Three Different Rays—
Alpha, Beta and Gamma.
There are three kinds of so called
rays having their inciting origin in ra-
dium. The three rays are known as
alpha. beta and gamma rays, and each
of these has characteristic peculiari-
ties.
The alpha rays have a range inside
of half an inch from their source, the
beta rays reach about three times as
far, and the gamma rays are yet more
penetrating. A thin sheet of paper or
a film of tin foil or mica will effectual-
ly halt the alpha rays. A millimeter
of lead or five millimeters of alumini-
um will stop the further progress of
the beta rays. but the gamma rays will
go through nineteen centimeters of iron
or seven centimeters of lead before
their original intensity is reduced 1 per
cent.
The alpha rays consist of positively
charged atoms of helium advancing at
a velocity of 12.000 miles a second, and
the beta rays are negatively charged
bodies projected at a speed of quite
150,000 miles in the same interval of
time. Roughly. the beta rays are a
hundred times more penetrating than
the alpha rays, while the gamma rays,
in their turn, are a hundredfold as
searching as the beta rays.—Exchange.
Precocity.
Little Willie is really too precocious.
I met him the other day with his
school bag under his arm.
“Well, well." said I. ‘and so you go
to schoo! now, eh?"
“Sure. Mike!” said
“Ain't I over six?"
“And do vou love your teacher?" 1
asked.
“Aber nit!" said little Willie. “The
old hen’s too old for me.” —Washington
Star.
little Willie.
Adam's Apple.
The projection in the front of the
throat in men. denoting the position of
the thyroid cartilage, is styled "Adam's
apple.” It develops rapidly usually
when the voice ‘breaks.’ being com-
paratively small in both children and
women. The name arose from the tra-
dition that when Adam attempted to
swallow the apple in paradise it stuck
in his throat, giving rise to the swell-
ing since seen in all his adult male de-
scendants.
College Bred Hen Pays Her Way in the
World.
Purdue University’s poultry depart-
ment at Lafayette, Ind., has produced an
extraordinary hen, Miss Purdue. She is
a white Leghorn, and during the last two
years has produced 443 eggs, weighing
41.5 pounds. Miss Purdue weighs only
three and one-half pounds, but in the
time mentioned above she produced 11.8
times her weight.
She was a gourmand and consumed
over 132 pounds of feed, a feat which
will surprise a great many people. From
every pound of feed Miss Purdue pro-
duced three and one-third eggs. She
manufactured one pound of eggs from
every 3.2 pounds of feed.
It cost $1.93 to feed the bird for two
years, but the value of her eggs at mar-
ket price in Lafayette was $10.11. every
dozen sold for 27.4 cents, but they cost
only 5.2 cents to manufacture. Miss
Purdue made a profit of $9 over the cost
of feed in two years. Her own value at
the start was not over a dollar.
Jere and there will be found a woman
who has never been troubled by the fem-
inine disorders which vex so many of her
sex. She lives a happy, healthy life, and
brings healthy children into the world
with hardly a pang. Every such woman
proves what woman's health ought to be
and what it can be. If many women suf-
fer it is because many women neglect
the drains, inflammations and weakness-
es which surely undermine the strength,
make life a burden and motherhood a
sorrow. For all such women there is
help and healing in Dr. Pierce’s Favorite
Prescription. The use of this remedy
results in the perfect healing of the dis-
eases which affect the delicate organs. It
imparts to them vigor and vitality, and
makes motherhood a joy unalloyed by
pain.
Truly Kind-Hearted.
“That old newspaper seller is a good
gort. There is an old widow who
can’t afford to take in the paper, SG
every morning as he passes her room
he stops and reads her the serial
story.”—Fliegende Blaetter.
FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN
DAILY THOUGHT.
Siler.ce is deep as eternity, speech as shallow
as time.—Carlyle.
In the fashion department of the April
| Woman's Home Companion appears the
i following fashion news about shoes and
| hats for this spring:
“Shoes and hats, whoever would have
{ thought of combining the two! Yet both |
| are now so important in their relation to
| the costume that it seemed quite right to
| speak of them at the same time. Each
: show decidedly new and pronounced lines
down lines that reach to great height, the
shoes long graceful lines that give the
impression of greater length than we
have had in the past.
“In describing the new hats the ma-
terials come first. Soft hemp is favored
though straw braid combined with fab-
rics is especially well liked. Hats for
general wear are moderately small but
with large head sizes. They still fit way
the shape and trimming. Brims turn
way up on one side and some crowns are
built higher by masses of tulle.
“And now about the shoes: The lasts
that have long vamps with receding toes
have become more fashionable than ever.
They are seen in almost all the new shoes
except those for tramping and out door
sports. These are mannish and rather
broad in style and have spring heels. For
other shoes the half Louis, Cuban, and
kidney wood-covered heels are used.
Black leather, such as gun metal, is not
as modish as in the past, the shiny leath-
er taking its place. Metallic leather
which is really patent leather, is new and
popular in gold, silver or light colors
combined with black in pumps and tango
slippers. The satin slipper is still fa-
vored.”
In the April Woman’s Home Companion
en Garden,” in which the author gives
complete directions for planting the sim-
plest and most necessary garden vege-
Following are the directions for planting
asparagus:
“Asparagus may be grown in any rich
well-drained garden. The soii should be
deeply and thoroughly prepared. Seeds
may be sowed May 1st in drills one-half-
inch deep, where the plants may grow
until one or two years old. They should
then be transplanted into a permanent
row, border or bed. In most small gar-
dens it is best to buy the plants, setting
them out early in May, two feet apart in
a row, row four feet apart. They should
be planted deeply, the trench should be
twelve inches deep and the plants cover-
ed over as they make their first growth.”
“No matter how soiled a pair of color-
ed satin slippers may be, they can be
easily cleaned with denatured alcohol.
Apply the liquid over soiled surface, rub-
bing lightly with soft cloth. It will clean
slippers of any delicate color.”
“Try wetting the stains on your table
linen with sweet milk and then plunging
at once in the tub containing the ‘suds’
ready for washing. This is an easy and
sure way of removing all fruit and the
troublesome tea and coffee stains. Do
not let the milk dry in the linen, but
hile saturated place at once in the wash
tub.”
In case you wish to lay away a rug
that is not in use, beat the rug well, un-
less you can have it cleaned with a vacu-
um cleaner. Make a strong infusion of
black pepper tea and spray rug with that.
Sun well and beat again. Get a round
wooden roller, lay the rug on the floor
and cover with newspapers pasted a little
larger than the rug, Roll carefully roll-
ing up both paper and rug at the same
time. Place whole roll inold cotton cloth,
and cover with manila paper, fastened
tight at all edges. This is for an expen-
sive rug, says the Montreal Star. Other
rugs need only be brushed, sunned,spray-
ed and rolled up with sprinkle of gum
arabic in the folds. ,
How many women really give their
eyes a bona fide bath?
By that I do not mean the usual atten-
tion bestowed upon the eyes every morn-
ing in washing the face, but an eye bath
proper, where the flesh surrounding the
eyeballs is washed out properly.
Have you noticed how brilliant and
clear looking the eyes are after tear
sacks have been in operation for a few
minutes? While I do not encourage cry-
ing, for weeping is very dnjurious to the
eye and blears them, an occasional tear
shower without affecting the emotions,
as when inhaling ammonia or pairing the
humble onion, will do them no harm.
The open air treatment has been too
much confined to the sick. Open air
school rooms have been experimented
with at various times, but usually they
have been for sickly and physically de-
ficient children. In the Philadelphia pub-
lic schools the open window experiment
has been tried with normal, well chil-
dren, on the theory that not only would
their health be better under this treat-
ment, but that the fresh, cold air would
act as a mental stimulus and tonic. Dr.
Walter W. Roach, a medical inspector of
| the Philadelphia school system, tried the
experiment at the Alexander Dallas
Bache school in that city. :
It was found as the result of the year’s
experiment that the children in the open
window room gained in weight on an
average more than twice as much as
those n the warm room. The pupils in
the open room had no colds whatever
and were much more regular in attend-
ance than the others. Mentally they
were found to be more alert, free from
day-dreaming, quicker to learn, requiring
less review work and were better behav-
ed. Inshort in every possible line of
comparison the children in the open win-
dow room had a little advantage over
those in the warm room. Impressed by
the experiment, the Philadelphia School
Board has authorized the establishment
of open window classes in several other
schools.— Leslie's.
Iced Fruit.—Select several fresh fruits
that are in season, such as a pineapple,
strawberries, oranges, red or white Cali-
fornia cherries or white grapes; hull,
stone or divide as needed equal portions
or any three kinds,sprinkle with powder-
ed sugar and have well chilled. When
ready to serve place in tall stem glasses
and pour one tablespoonful of white
grape juice or sherry over.
—Have your Job Work done here.
down on the head. Height is given in |
| appears an article entitled “The Kitch-'
tables. The dates for planting these var- |
ious vegatables are carefully set down.
y FARM NOTES.
| —A colt wants to be kept eating and
' growing and exercising and anything ex-
cept fattening, as long as he has a time
‘ assigned him by nature to grow.
i —The successful swine breeder needs
to have a thorough knowledge of the
value of sanitation, also an intimate
knowledge of all the requirements of his
animals.
—It takes patience, grit and pluck to
succeed with poultry this kind of weath-
er. Failure is generally negligence, or
‘ judgment passed by some one who does
! not know.
| for spring; the hats take the up and
| —When you buy dairy cows you do
not want beef animals, for they are in-
. clined to lay on flesh instead of giving
{ value received for their feed and care in
! the bucket.
{| —No cow should be classed as a dairy
| cow unless she gives milk in profitable
| quantities. Sometimes the cow, however,
. is not to blame because of lack of proper
| feed and care.
i
|
{| —Keep the houses clean. Clean up
| the droppings daily if possible. Clean-
| liness in winter will mean less vermin in
i summer. Disinfect the houses at least
! once a month.
| —A ton of alfalfa hay, cut when the
| first few blossoms appear and cured to
| leave all the leaves, is equal for milk
i production to a ton of bran, and costs
: about one-third as much.
| —There is no other branch of farming
j Which if conducted with a reasonable
amount of care and attended to sys- .
tematically will respond so readily and
{ with such profits one year with another
as stock raising.
—Meat eaters now want less fat and
more lean, no matter what kind of meat
it may be. Early maturity, which is the
leading characteristic of all the improved
meat breeds, insures this quality of meat,
as while young they are growing rather
than fattening, making red meat rather
than grease.
—Many of the troubles that the calves
. of this country are heir to can be traced
directly to unclean surroundings. The
calf should have clean, dry stalls, clean
pails from which to eat and clean, dry
bedding all the time. Filth breeds dis-
ease more quickly in the calf pen than
anywhere else.
—Hogs in England are given a great
variety of feeds—potatoes, turnips, car-
rots, beets, peas, beans, barley and oats.
The grain is either steamed or ground
and the vegetables usually cooked and
mixed with swill. Grasses and clovers
are cut and fed during summer time.
English hogs tend more to the bacon,
type than do those raised in America. If
lean meat is wanted, a greater variety of
select muscle-forming foods must be fed.
—“It sometimes happens that farmers
! are in possession of extra good cows, but
| not realizing the amount of feed required
| by cows giving a large yield they are soon
{allowed to shrink in milk because the
i feed given does not provide sufficient
nutriment. While cows in good condi-
| tion can, for a time, give more milk than
| the feed provides, by drawing upon the
| fat stored in the body, yet if the grain is
; not gradually increased as the cows lose
i in body weight there will soon follow an
i abnormal shrinkage in milk flow and
| also a decrease in the quality of milk
| yielded.”
—In many sections of Europe where
dairying is carried on extensively the
| greater part of the land is owned by men
| who care quite as much for beauty as for
| profit, in consequence of which great at-
. tention is paid to the artistic appearance
. of the farms, and much pride is taken in
! keeping everything neat and orderly. No
| fence corners or hedge rows are left to
grow up with weeds, no machinery is
allowed to stand in the fields. There is
a network of winding macadamized roads
lined on both sides with hedges and
trees, and leading through the fields in
every direction are footpaths. The
heather-covered hills, vine-clad cottages
and fine cattle dotting the meadows make
a beautiful picture—one not soon for-
gotten.
—Plums are the hardiest of stone
fruits, and the crop is one of the most
remunerative, in at all favorable seasons,
from market gardens and cultivated
orchards. In private establishments the
fruits of all the best varieties are much
valued and less highly flavored ones
prove invaluable for cooking and pre-
serving. The crop is, therefore, one of
the most important, both for market and
for private consumption.
Plum trees succeed in any fairly good,
loamy soil, provided the subsoil is opened
and properly drained. The ground should
be well trenched previous to planting,
although the roots of plums are naturally
disposed nearer to the surface than those
of apples or pears. In a very rich soil
the growths usually made are too vig-
orous to become well ripened; in that
which is moderately light, yet sufficiently
moist, the trees succeed and produce the
best flavored fruits. Respecting flavor,
however, much depends on the amount
of sunshine and light available.
In market gardens where plums are
extensively grown, they are sometimes
planted in lines, and the intervening
spaces are occupied with gooseberries
and currants. Standards and half-stand-
ards are generally favored, but dwarf
and bush trees are also extensively plant-
ed in market as well as in private gar-
dens. All the finer dessert sorts should,
if possible, be favored with wall spaces
in private gardens, as their fruits are in-
variably of so much importance, and the
crop is more certain with the protection
of a wall than when the trees are fully
exposed. A temporary covering, while
the blossoms are open, may also be read-
ly applied should frost or unfavorable
weather prevail. In a southern slopejthe
fruits attain their highest flavor.
The manner of planting the tree is
similar to that recommended for the ap-
ple and the pear. Mulching in case of
dry weather is advantageous to recently
transplanted trees in general, and should
be particularly attended to in the case of
the plum, for if the root fail to supply
enough of sap to the tree in dry weather,
gumming is sure to ensue; the more uni-
form the supply of the sap the more
healthy will be the tree. Thc supply of
sap cannot be uniform unless the mois-
ture of the soil about the roots is steadily
maintained, and the best means of doing
this is by mulching. The usual mode of
propagating cultivated varieties is by
budding and grafting. Some sorts re-
produce themselves nearly true from
seeds, as, for instance, the’ green gage;
but seedlings generally vary more or less
from the original, and it is therefore best
not to depend on this mode of propa-
gasson, beyond the raising of seedlings as
stocks for peaches, etc.
A.