Pemoreaiic. 1 fa.
Pad gn
Bellefonte, Pa., March 1, 1912.
The Awaking of the
Older Nations.
Marvelous Wave of New National
Life Sweeping Around the Earth—
Conglomeration of Races and Relig-
lon in Turkey.
By WILLIAM T. ELLIS.
Constantinople. — Turkey awoke
with a scream. The recent history of
{the new regime in this country was
g@nite unintelligible to the western
The popular shrilling of “Lib-
1” “Justice!” “Equality:” “Fra-
ternity!” resounded throughout civi-
lization. Mullahs and Armenian
green-turbaned descendants of
Prophet and Protestant Christians
on one another's necks indiscrim-
in a delirium of rejoicing. It
{was the intoxication of the wine of
| The ancient, long-suffer-
ing and sadly used Ottoman empire
was beside itself with joy. The trans-
formation of Turkey into a conmstitu-
tional government will probably be
ked as one of the great events of"
. They required that any book
which mentioned Turkish history
should call a defeat a “retrograde ad-
vance.” After censoring some bibles,
one of the multitudinous stories cur-
rent has it, the functionary querul-
cusly enquired, “Who is this man
Paul, who is writing to those Gala-
tians?”
Government was by assassination
and massacre. The dagger was at
the back of every person of force or
initiative or progressiveness., The
emaciated and trembling body of that
archcoward and tyrant Abdul Hamid
could have bathed for months in the
innocent blood of the half million peo-
ple whom it is estimated he had put
to death. Nobody knew whose turn
would be next. Covetousness, revenge,
‘jealousy and, above all, fear conspired
to point the assassin’s dagger. There
was a world of significance in the re-
mark made to me by an old resident
of the empire as we rode up the
Bosphorus last weak: “All the big
palaces within sight belonged to Abdul
‘Hamid.” Nobody was allowed to pros-
per greatly except the Sultan.
Revelations of the Spy System.
It is now known that an incredibly
farge number of spies—more than four
thousand one reliable statement has
ft—in all walks of life made daily re-
ports to this monarch of fear-bitten
‘mind. A large room in the war office,
next to that occupied by Mahmoud
Shevket, the commander-in-chief of
‘the Turkish army, is now filled with
these documents, which were seized
along with less dangerous weapons
and great stores of treasure in Yildiz
t
A trusted committee is perusing the
documents, although the counsel of
many was that they should be burned
axainst men connected with the for-
‘eign legations. It would nat be pleas-
ant for Americans or Britons to feel
re ———————_
and the enginery of modern civiliza-
tion.
The Great Awaking.
Such was the night from which Tur- |
key awoke with startling suddenness.
Is it any wonder that this historic
city, once the capital of Rome and of
Greece and of the Christian empire,
a city more truly than Jerusalem
“beautiful for situation and the joy of
the whole earth,” rang with such ac-
clamation as the proudest of its an-
clent emperors had never heard?
{Liberty, long dreamed of, and often
‘despaired of, came almost overnight
to a throne on the Bosphorus where
two continents and two seas meet.
Constantinople is admittedly the
most strategic city in the world. So
{it was no small event when it fell be-
fore the irresistible forces of twen-
tieth century civilization. The Young
Turk victory was hardly the nicely
calculated scheme often represented;
rather it was a few leaders taking ad- |
vantage of a resistless conquest by
the spirit of the times.
What the New Regime Means.
With the significant details of the
new conditions in Turkey I shall deal
in subsequent articles; here I want
to present the broad outline.
Approaching Constantinople by wa-
ter one finds it still as of yore, the
fairest work of man that anywhere
greets the traveler's eye. Above the
red-roofed houses, unmarked by the |
smoke-stacks of modern industry, rise
the graceful minarets. On a com-
mending position on one of the seven
hills of old Stamboul, St. Sophia
keeps guard, now a mosque, but the
oldest building in existence dedicated
to Christian worship, and more mag-
mificent than St. Peter's in Rome, or
St. Paul's or Westminster Abbey in
London, or Notre Dame in Paris, or
the gaudy Don in Berlin, or historic
St. Stephen's in Vienna. Greeks, Ar-
menians and Roman Catholics dream
and prophesy of the day when the
cross will once again shine above St.
Sophia's great dome, and the power
Ra i UL PL
of Christendom will be supreme on the
Bosphorus.
Adjoining St. Sophia's the traveler
sees the Seraglio, where tragedies
beyond count have been enacted. The
palaces, the fast scurrying caiques,
and the latticed windows of the
harems of Turkish houses all pass in
review: it is a beautiful and unparal-
lelled picture.
© If he arrives by rail, the traveler
beholds the ancient walls of old Con-
stantinople, and is quickly introduced
to the filthy odors and disorder of the
incredibly ill-kept streets of Constan-
tinople. But signs of the new regime
are not wanting. Here is a street
turned up for an electric railway; yon-
der a road engine is at work and a
highway is being widened. A group
of graveyard cypresses is giving way
to a modern thoroughfare. Actually,
Mosque of St. Sophia, Constantinople. o
| printing press is silently accomplish
s
|
The growing child has to
nourished—once for the ordinary
| ing, not only in Turkey. but in China ' of the body and
countries of the world.
| With the uncensored press haye
come books. A man may now read
| anything he pleases in Turkey. My
bag of books received not a second | Medical Discovery i
glance at the Custom House, which | furnishes the oy
| caused a fellow traveler used to the | with all the elements to
ways of the old order, to tell storieg sound flesh and sturdy muscle. Don't
of what would have happened two
years ago had a traveler tried to
bring a suitcase full of books into
the Custom: House.
trance for twentieth century ideas in
words of “Liberty!”,
“Equality!” and “Fraternity!”, they
on the highways. Formerly neither
There is free en- |
and Persia, and the other backward great many
| nourishing food taken
! needs of growth; the body is poor,
blood every i
| able for the lodgement of disease in the ' parts of cream to a stiff
salad, sli
¥
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Turkey. Whereas men used to have ~
to whisper under their breath the big |
“Justice!”, |
now cry them aloud and placard them |
Ottoman nor foreigner could trave} '
{in the interior of Turkey without a |
| special passport; now anybody may go
| anywhere.
| Some Marveiious Transformations.
No organizations were permitted
{ under the old regime.
societies and parties flourish. Spies
are but a hideous memory. Even
Today clubs,
! schools for women are permitted and
‘encouraged. Turkish officials send '
| their daughters to the schools of mod- |
| ern learning maintained by the for
eigners.
, Alongside of the veiled woman In
| sombre wrap one sees the swagger
| dark-skinned modern girl in merry
! widow hat and hobble skirt.
| teed a Constantinople college girl
with an array of puffs on the back of
her head such as one commonly sees
{on Broadway, and which are surely
' never made outside of the shops. Well
patronized cinematograph shows pre-
sent the latest fashions as well as the
latest news.
In a word—and with reservations
and exceptions to be noted later—
modern civilization has come to Tur
key. There are multitudes who for
ane reason or another sigh for the re-
aes -
turn of the good old days; but their
power has been hopelessly broken.
Turkey is awake never to sleep again,
Her future is an absorbing enigma
that concerns alike the practical
statesmen of the world’s capitals and
the student of human affairs. What-
ever her destiny may be, the sleep of
death Has passed. The new life of
the new day is the latest conqueror
to sweep over historie, blood-drenched
Turkey.
_ (Copyright, 1911, by Joseph B. Bowles.)
——
Efficiency in Shoveling.
For the first class shoveler there is a
given shovel load at which he will do
his biggest day's work. What is this
shovel load? Will a first class man
do more work per day with a shovel
load of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 or 40
pounds? Now, this is a question which
I no |
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47-19
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sidewalks are being laid in some
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The Constantinople Dogs.
can be answered only through care-
fully made experiments. By first se- |
lecting two or three first-class shovel-
ever people meet. Abdul Hamid sleep- |
ing in one of the multitudinous rooms |
i
sensational and melo-dramatic |
gE
»
than |
found after he |
dethroned), his palace a |
‘wonderful house of fear, his eunuchs |
greater prestige and power |
the nation’s foremost statesmen, |
and civil officials all parts |
1
lof a malign machine, for which the |
poor overburdened people had to pay, |
pay, pay—is there gnywhere in his- |
tory an equal chapter to this? Tur-
key knew a reign of terror; Abdul
Hamid represented a reversion to bar- o.. yo which the world is moved. |
and to the basest primitive in- |
equipped with untold wealth |
The famous, or infamous, Constan-
tinople dogs are missing, except for
an occasional stray, at which critics
of the new administration point fing-
ers of scorn. Some thousands of dogs
were gathered up by workmen with
wooden tongs, dropped into carts and
carries to towboats, which bore them
to an island in the harbor. The sim-
ple and natural way would have been
to kill them painlessly and end the
matter, or accept some one of the
commercial offers to clean the city
of dogs for the sake of the hides, one
company agreeing to give the govern-
ment a bonus for the privilege. But
the Turk has ideas of mercy toward
dumb animals, albeit rather quixoti-
cal. The poor mangy, flee-bitten curs
were sent to this island, where, it is
said, they got nothing to drink or
eat, although supposed to be fed by
government grant. Certain it is that
the dogs which at first waded out to
sea in longing for the filthy streets
of old Constantinople speedily be:
came fewer and fewer and all are
now but a tradition of dark days that
are gone.
The Press as Archimedes’ Lever.
Most significant of all the signs,
which an observer notes in the Con-
stantinople of today are the boys and
men who hawk daily newspapers
through the streets. “Extras!” in
strange, hen-track Turkish, Arabic
and Armenian script are flaunted in
the face of the cosmopolitan passers-
by. They are real newspapers, too,
filled with the doings of the whole
world.
Of course, this means a changed or-
der of socjety. You cannot have news-
papers without having progress. The
dark ages cannot stand the tidings of
what is going op In the world. The
press is one of the Archimidean lev-
What armies and mobs could vot do
in the overthrow of despotism L..
ers, paying them extra wages for do-
ing trustworthy work, and then grad-
ually varying the shovel load and hav-
ing all the conditions accompanying
the work carefully observed for sev-
eral weeks at a time by men who are |
used to experimenting, it was found
that a first class man would do his
biggest day's work with a shovel load
of about 21 pounds. For instance,
that this man would shovel a ‘larger
tonnage per day with a 21 pound load
than with a 24-pound load or with an
18-pound load on his shovel. It is, of
course, evident that no shoveler can
always take a load of exactly 21
pounds on his shovel, but neverthe-
less, although his load may vary three
or four pounds one way or the other,
either below or above the 21 pounds,
the shoveler will do his biggest day's
work when his average for the day is
about 21 pounds.—American Magazine.
Strongest Man In France.
A few years ago M. Briand, who
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ranks of a few fellow lawyers and the
workingmen and Socialist organiza.
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day he is universally regarded as one
of the strongest men in France. He
entered the chamber of deputies in
chief recreation
trouble is that
| fuse to put him f{
| they do £0,” he says,
por.”
{
Bush House Block, -
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