Democeaic ata
r—-—————
Bellefonte, Pa., February 9, 1912.
The Awaking of the
Older Nations.
On the Scene of the Recent Massacres
in New Tu ven the Men
Who in Cold Blood Siew Americans
Are Permitted to Walk at Liberty.
By WILLIAM T. ELLIS.
Adana.—] watched Baltimore burn.
I trod the smoking ruins of San
Francisco. 1 have threaded my way
through camps of myriads of starv-
ing Chinese, in the great famine of
four years ago. But no experience
I have ever undergone has been so
depressing as a visit to Adana, the
center of the Armenian massacres of
a year and a half ago. Throughout
these investigations in Turkey, Adana
has kept arising as a specter.
Now I have seen what remains to
be seen of that holocaust of blood and
fire and pillage. The heart of the
city is still in ruins. People are only
beginning to rebuild. Widows and '
orphans bulk largely in the popula- |
tion. A measure of self support is
coming through the picking of the
cotton crop, at which a family may
earn as much as 25 cents a day. It
Seemed to mo, as 1 walked about the |
streets of the city, and had pointed
out to me individuals as well as
neighborhoods which had been re-
sponsible for a share of tHe five thou-
sand deaths, as if there were a cyn-
ical leer upon the faces of the Turks
who watched the stranger pass.
A Pall Upon the Country.
I came down through Asia Minor to
Adana ,and two days back in the |
Taurus mountains I was told that
“Here the massacres began.” The
Christians were harried through
many villages and into Adana and
Tarsus. The whole region ran blood.
One cannot enter into conversation
with a group of people without quick-
11y hearing echoes of those awful days. |
1 chanced to meet six prisoners just
out of jail, where they had been im- |
prisoned since the massacres, because |
‘they had defended their village
against the Turks who assaulted it.
Some of the stories of the defense
of individual homes and village com-
‘munities are thrilling to the last de-
gree. One English speaking young
man told me quietly when I ques-
tioned him that he had not been in |
Adana at the time, but in a near-by
village which had successfully resist-
ed the attacks of the Moslems. At
the last attack, when the Turkish
‘soldiers and the fanatics came upon
them, the men of the village moved
in a body outside the walls, to make
there a last stand for their homes
and loved ones; for they knew if the
butchers got within the gates, all
would be over.
The massacre swept llke a forest
fire over all this beautiful region. It
gives a visitor a creepy feeling to
have a resident point out to him, here
and there, an individual who led in
the attacks upon the Christians. The
real leaders in the massacre were
never punished. To the credit of
‘the young Turks, be it said, they
hanged fifty-six unimportant persons
whom they held responsible. On the
spot 1 find an ominous questioning as
to whether the party in power has not
been obliged to make terms with the
reactionaries.
Unavenged Americans.
It comes as a surprise to learn that
nobody has been punished for the
cold-blooded murders of Rogers and
Maurer, the two Americans who were
shot down while engaged in carrying
water to extinguish a fire. The very
names of the murderers are men-
tioned here. It would seem as if the
simplest kind of detective work or
the part of the government could find
the culprits. I saw the exact place
of the tragedy. The men were shot
from a window that was pointed out
to me, while they were engaged in a
iwork of mercy. It was not random
balls from a distance—the nature of
the street precludes that—but weli-
aimed shots from the home of a well |
known citizen, occupied at the time
‘by Turkish neighbors. Trowbridge, |
‘the third American, escaped only by
a few persons of no consequence were ;
‘punished for the murders of fifteen
thousand Christians; but nobody has
of the Christians were completely gut-
‘ted. 1 saw whole lines of shops that
| macre lay in the ineradicable hatred
! lowers of the Prophet.
| cre, he lifted up his hands and cried,
Jems, is a temptation that provokes
the massacres. This would make the
‘end chiefly sought not vengeance but
simply loot. Certainly, in addition to
the massacres, the houses and stores
had been stripped bare by the Turks.
The latter are no better for all their
plunder, for “Come easy, go e¢asy.”
Most of it has been spent in dissipa-
tion and gambling. The latter vice
sits heavily upon Adana.
Another reason, greater than the
loot, was the carrying off of Christian
girls and women to Turkish harems.
This is a phase of the massacre which
naturally cannot be written about in
detail. It was no case of haphazard
plunder, such as that in which the
Sabines used to figure; it was rather
Turks making choice of the daugh-
ters of neighbors with whose un-
velled faces they were familiar. Each
man had his prize marked before the
signal was given. And this applied
also to loot as well as to lust.
One typical instance was recalled to
me, as I met a woman who had lost
in the massacre every member of her
own and her husband’® family. Her
daughter, I was informed, was one of
the twenty-seven Armenian girls who
braided their hair together and per-
ished in a burning house, taking this
means of making sure that none of
them in an agony of pain would es-
cape from the fiery prison, which was
really a deliverance from the fate
they most dreaded.
It is undoubtedly true that some of
the Armenians had been indiscreet in
the use they made of the liberties
granted by the constitution, they talk-
ing patriotism and a possible renewal
of the ancient Armenian kingdom.
They followed the general custom of
carrying firearms and they openly
practiced with them. They were
flamboyant and injudicious, and gave
this slight pretext for the awful
crimes which followed.
The Holy Law of Blood.
The fundamental cause must be
sought deeper than any of the consid-
erations named. The reason lying
at the bottom of the massacres may
not be doubted. It is clear to who-
ever would lock. It was the appeal
of Abdul Hamid to the holy law of
One need not go far-
the Sheriat.
The Christian community, which rep |
resents many denominations of the!
older churches, stand solidly together |
in a conviction of a possible repeti-
tion of the massacres. At Adana I!
Lad an interview with the leaders of
the orthodox Greek church, the Greek |
Catholic church, the Armenian Cath- |
olic church, the Gregorian Armenian |
church and the old Syriac church, and |
they were a unit in declaring that the |
attitude of Islam toward Christians |
has not changed, and that the worst |
is still possible, although they have!
confidence in the good intentions of |
the present Governor. Even the Rev. |
W. N. Chambers, the American Board |
missionary, who has been the fore-
most figure in events subsequent to
the massacres, and is easily the lead.
er of the community, is under the |
same cloud of depression. Small won-
der, when he recalls the murdered |
friends who died is his arms, and the |
bodies which he rescued from mutila- |
tion.
The argument for the possibility |
of another massacre lies in the fact
that there has been no change in the
minds of the people. The Moslems |
have not been made over by the pun-
ishment of an inconspicuous few of |
their number. They still look upon
the Christians with antipathy. The |
village Moslem children cry at their
Christian playmates: “I am going to!
get that dress when we kill you.”
A Crop of Orphans.
The aftermath of the massacres is
the multitude of orphans, each with a |
story as individual and as tragic as if |
his were the only story of sorrow in |
the land. I have met many at Tarsus, |
where 5,000 Armenians refugeed iz
the American school, so that only two
hundred were slain. I saw a little |
boy of 7 or 8, whose father and broth |
ers had been killed before his eyes.
I asked how he escaped. With a sig-
nificant gesture he answered: “I lay
among the dead”; that is, he had
fallen down as if slain and had walt. |
ed until the murderers left. |
The mission schools are over
whelmed with these orphans. In Adana
they are so thick in one of the
schools, which the missionaries hope
may one day be made larger, that
they sleep on the floor so closely that
the teachers must pick their way
among their bodies in order to reach
International Mission Hospital, Adana.
ther back than the indubitable fact
that the one line of division which
marked the massacre was the line |
of religion. It was Islam raising the |
sword against Christianity. The |
Sheriat was the bond that held to-|
gether the murderers’ legions. The |
power of the hodjas and mollahs was
the machinery chiefly used in organ-
izing the massacres. The one great |
' weapon left in Abdul Hamid’s hands |
wag his office as Caliph, “the Com-!
mander of the Faithful.” So, to con-
found the plans of the Young Turks,
and to invoke foreign intervention, he |
gave the command to strike. Only |
the power of the Young Turks pre-
vented similar massacres in many |
places. This is a chapter mostly un- |
written. Sometimes it was a force- |
ful governor who prevented the ful-
fillment of orders from Constantino- |
ple. In one case it was a Young Turk |
military officer, who, upon receiving
news of the plan, went into the pres-
ence of the Governor and said: ‘I
want you to understand that if there
is to be a massacre here, it will begin
with you.”
In Adana, strangely enough, most of |
the Christians still blame the Young
Turks for at least a measure of re- |
sponsibility. They say that the Young |
Turks wanted to give a lesson to the |
turbulent Armenians and Macedo |
! nians. They point out that the worst
massacre occurred nine days after the |
| first, the Christians having been dis-
armed in the interval. The Salonica
soldiers they charge with participat-
| ing in the slaying of the Christians.
| There are some things that cannot
easily be explained about the massa-
| cre, if the New Regime is to be ac-
quitted of all responsibility, yet there
is no doubt, whatever agencies con- | get here in time.”
tributed, the real power of the mas-
for Christians on the part of the fol-
Will There Be Another?
When 1 asked the Minister of the
Interior in Constantinople, Talaat
Bey, if there could be another massa-
“God forbid.” The Sheikh ul Islam
assured me positively, and he was
speaking as the religious head of
Islam in the Turkish government,
that such a thing could not oceur
again. The enlightened and strong:
handed governor of this province,
Djemal Bey, gave me his word that
there would be no more massacres
in the region of which he has since
taken charge. No assurance could be
more positive than these I have had
from the highest quarters.
None the less, in the interior of the
country the people feel otherwise.
their own rooms. Pathetic tales of
the murders are legion. Here is one,
for instance, of a widow who has to
support a swarm of little children, an
aged mother, and an idiot sister, and
who herseli has no training for earn-
ing a livelihood. The missionaries
have started industrial work among
the Armenians, and they have also
established an international hospital,
which is to be a permanent memorial
of the Adana massacre.
Surveying the Situation.
It seems to me as if “Remember
Adana” should be written on the mind
of the Yomg Turk party when it is
tempted to boast; and also before
the eyes of all the statesmen and pub-
licists who have anything at all to do
with affairs in the Turkish empire.
There are some reasons why this
massacre may not easily be repeated,
but there are greater reasons why a
duplicate of it may burst upon the
world at almost any time. For the
mind of Islam has not changed.
(Copyright, 1911, by Joseph B. Bowles.)
Barney Won.
Henri Gressit, the Savage advance
man, who, it is claimed, iz the per-
fect sartorial gem of his profession,
sailed yesterday 'n the Cretic for
Mediterranean points on a five weeks’
pleasure trip. At 9 o'clock yesterday
morning Barney Reilly decided to :0
along. They had to hurry, but they
caught the ship. Quite pompously
Henri went abroad. Barney followed
him in anything but a pompous man-
ner.
A few moments before the moorings
were cast off Henri, talking to an-
other passenger, said:
“My man and I had to hurry to
Barney heard him, He knew he
was that “man,” and he wasn’t ex-
actly pleased. Stepping up to Henrl
he asked:
“Where aid you tell me you're to be
head waiter when you return to New
York?”
Henri turned away, drew a pink silk
handkerchief from his sleeve and
mopped his brow.—New York Tele-
graph.
Some Uses for Antiquities.
Old parchments on which state doc-
uments were written have been sold
| who are discouraged and despondent will
the purpose.
the stomach
t
i
|
rm Sultan
There's a story of a and cures dis- |
of Turkey whose seers told him he could | eases of the organs of and |
be cured if he would wear the shirt of a| nutrition so that the becomes
perfectly man. His envoys search- | healthy through an increased supply
ed the for the happy man, and
found him at last in Ireland. But when
they seized on him to get his shirt, he
was shirtless. His happiness was caused
by perfect health. All iness has its
basis in health. People “feel hjue,”
pure blood and perfect nourishment.
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- WAGNER, {in Business
BROCKERHOFF MILLS,
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Manufacturer, Wholesaler and Retailer of
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Address all communications to
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Get the Best . Meats.
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