Deworeatic, atm
Bellefonte, Pa., April 30, 1897.
LOVE LIVES ON.
I took from their hiding place last night
Your letters, sweetheart, And read ;
And their passion thrilled in the waning light,
Though I said, “My love is dead.”
But tears came back to my world worn eyes
As I thought of a golden June
And lovers who sang, “Love never dies
While boats drift under the moon.”
For white wings come, and white sails go,
Drifting out into the dawn;
But memory comes with refluent flow,
And it's true as ever it was, I know.
That love lives on and on.
It comes with the touch or the clasp of a hand
Or the glance of a stranger's eye,
Or a kindly act in a foreign land,
Or the gleam of a starry sky,
Or a drifting boat on a silver lake,
Or a lily you touch with your oar,
Or the sound of the winds and waves that
break,
In melody on the shore.
But as long as white wings come and £0,
Or drift in the rosy dawn,
While memory comes with efluent flow,
It is as true, as ever it was I know,
That love lives on and on.
—Emma Playther Seabury, in the New England
Magazine.
THE DECADENCE OF SPAIN.
Fall of the Greatest Empire Ever Seen on the Earth—
Now None to do it Honor.—Wealth and Extent of
the Spanish State During the Days of Charles Vv
and Philip II—Now it is all Rent Asunder.
To the student of the philosophy of his-
tory no more thrillingly interesting chap-
ter has ever been written than that penned
by Buckle on the causes of the decadence
of Spain, and no more significant words
were ever spoken than those he used when
contrasting the Spain of Philip II. with
the Spain of to-day. As it is known to us,
no country in Europe is of less consequence
in the world’s affairs. Little Portugal,
that once acknowledged the domain of
Spain and formed a province in the Spanish
empire, iS now of more importance. The
Balkan states, which arose but yesterday
out of the ruins of the Ottoman empire, are
infinitely more potential. Even Greece
and Denmark, both once great empires,
and now, with Spain, in eclipse, cut a
larger figure in the world’s affairs, for each,
by its geographical position, is able to com-
mand a respect that is not shown to Spain.
The time was when the affairs of Europe
and the world were directed from Madrid,
but now, when the powers meet in confer-
ence to settle questions of mighty import,
Madrid sends 1o representative to the Con-
gress, for Spain has no influence, is not
consulted, and, so far as. appears on the
records, is not even thought of by the
diplomats of the powers that now control
the affairs of the eastern hemisphere. From
a position of supreme authority, Spain has
sunk so low as to be utterly disregarded in
the world’s politics and ignored in the
world’s movements. ?
When the universal contempt into which
Spain has fallen is remembered, it is dif-
ficult to realize that only three centuries
ago Spain ruled the world. It was the
emperor Charles V who first made Se Bond
boast that on his dominions the sun never
set, nor was it an idle: word, but a plain
statement of fact. At its greatest evtent
the Spanish empire spread so far beyond
the limits of the peninsula that the original
boundaries of the Spanish state inclosed
the smallest possession. The sway of
Charles was acknowleged, not only over
rule.
Spain, of which he was the hereditary
monarch, but in a large part of Southern
Italy, in Sicily, in Portugal and in the
Netherlands, while as emperor he ruled
over a considerable portion of the present
possessions of Austria, and all the small
states, which almost from the dawn of au-
thentic history, have been grouped under |
the general name of Germany. In America |
the Spanish power was acknowledged over |
a territory so vast as to make the mightiest
empires of antiquity seem contemptible by
comparison. Charles claimed for his own
the 8,000,000 square miles of North Amer-
ica and the 7,000,000 of South America, a
ge total of 15,000,000 square miles on
this side of: the Atlantic, while his posses-
sions in Africa, Asia and the innumerable
islands that, in every sea, acknowledged
allegiance to the Spanish throne; brought
up, with the European states, the area of
the empire to a grand total of not less, and
perhaps more, than 17,000,000 square
miles. Never before nor since has so vast
a territory been governed hy one man. The
czar of Russia rules a territory a little more
than half the size of that which owned the
sway of Charles ; the British flag floats
over much less than two-thirds that area :
the Roman eagles, in the golden days of
Trajan, were honored over a territory only
one-sixth as large as the dominions of
Charles, while the empires of Greece, and
Assyria, and Babylon, and the great states
. founded by the Moguls and Genghis Khan,
were petty by comparison with the Span-
Jish dominions. Over 100 different political
cominonwealths have been carved out of
the Spanish empire, and still the process is
going on
The overshadowing supremacy 3 Spain
can be better understood by glancing at
the relative positions held by other states
of Europe that have grown while Spain was
declining. When Spain was at her best
France was hardly more than a vassal
state. Hemmed in on every side by her
powerful neighbor, the territory of France
was much more limited than at present,
while the crushing defeats of the French
arms at the hands of the dreaded Spanish
house caused, in Spain, the same coutempt
for France that is now felt in the latter
country for Spain. Germany and the Ger-
man states of Austria were a part of the
empire, while to the southeast, the Hun-
garians were so constantly engaged in bat-
tling with the Turk as to find no. -time for
other occupation. The states of Italy not |
under control of the Spanish empire were
under its political influence, while to the
“east of Germany the Kingdom of Poland,
nobility, was alternately waging war |
Russia was little more considered in the af- |
fairs of Europe than China is at present, is abundant reas
being regarded asa savage state, while |
Denmark and Sweden were hardl y more es-
teemed than Russia. Even Englamt had
not, at that time, come to be recognized as
a first-class power, and, although Charles
and Henry VIII. met on terms of equality
as reigning sovereigns, it was regarded at
the time as a special condescension on the
part of the former that he, the rnler of the |
world, should show such a courtesy to the
king of a petty group of islands north of seen Protestantism
the channel. The English colonial period
had not begun, and nothing was known of
unendurable,
on by the people a
io > for several of th
when not divided by civil strife among its | Charles. :
nated in Germany, but having ten times
more adherents at the close than at the
the marvelous ability of the English people
as colonists in a new country ; the English
commerce and manufactures and banking
institutions were all in the future ; there
was no standing army on the islands ; a
few tor-heavy ships, more dangerous to the
sailors on board from a tendency to capsize,
than to the enemy, represented the splendid
fleets that now carry the British flag on
every sea. Spain was the master of the
world, and no proposal of international
consequence was made in any court of Eu-
rope without consulting the Spanish am-
or ;; nor was any plan carried out
without the approval of his master.
The natural resources of the Spanish
Peninsula are in themselves so considera-
ble that in the hands of an enterprising
and industrious people the country would
take high rank among the nations of the
earth, but the resources of Spain were but
a trifle comparéd with those of the empire.
The Italian and Sicilian possessions were
wealthy, the German and Austrian por-
tions were still more so, and the Nether-
lands were a constant source of revenne to
the imperial ‘treasury. All that Europe
could give, however, was but a drop in the
bucket compared with the incalculable
sums sent to Spain from the almost limit-
less colonies in America. The native rul-
ers of Mexico, Central America and Peru
yielded up their treasures at the command
of the military adventurers who conquered
those countries and the mines, worked by
the labor of hapless Indian slaves, poured
forth gold and silver in such quantities as
the world had never known. D
leon that crossed from Spain to America
{ returned laden with treasure.‘ It is esti-
| mated that in the century which followed
the discovery of the New World, 2,000
tons of gold and three times the amount of
silver was squandered in Spain. Penniless
knights, with only their arms, borrowed
money to seek their fortune in America and
returned
capitalists who invested their means in
American ventures became enormous] y
rich. Men who went out to America as
common soldiers came back in a few years
and paraded the streets of Madrid and
Toledo and Cordova with processions of
slaves and attendants such as befitted the
state of a prince. In 1540 a Spanish soldier
was married in Barcelona to the daughter
of a nobleman and gave away in alms at
his wedding $600,000 in gold and siler.
Spain was literally intoxicated with wealth,
and went wild with the expectation of
more. In every town there were those who
had made fortunes in America and return-
ed to Spain to flaunt their ill-gotten gains
before their former associates.
est extravagance prevailed.
Spaniard in 1557 stood at his window in
Madrid and threw, a handful at a time,
two barrels of silver coins into the street
below for the pleasure of seeing the people
scramble and fight for the money.. The
wildest tales of spendthrift fancy
periods of abnormal
where seem tame when compared with the
follies of the newly rich in Spain during
the century after the discovery. )
Extravagance, whether national or in-
dividual, infallibly brings its own punish-
ment, and Spain was no exception to the
It is possible for nations, as for in-
dividuals, to become shiftless. and Spain
had become a nation of improvident gam-
blers. Agriculture and the industries which
build up the substantial prosperity of a
nation were neglected, while thousands of
the young men, the best blood of the coun-
try, flocked to America to join those who
had gone before in the search for gold. So
great was the overflow of the bone and
sinew of the nation that in 1594 mechanics
of the cities of Spain commanded four
times the daily wages that had been paid
thirty years earlier, while in the agricul-
tural districts labor could not be had at
any price, and hundreds of farms remained
untilled because of the lack of the men to
perform the necessary work. The stupid
policygof the government still farther in-
creased the difficulty, for Philip II., affirm-
ing that he would rather not reign at all
than reign over heretics and unbelievers,
began a policy of expelling dissenters, Jews
and Moriscoes, who took with them a large
share of the industries and arts of Spain,
The expulsion of the Moors in particular
did infinite damage to the country, for
whatever of industrial skill remained in it
belonged to them, and the result of their
emigration was the immediate annihilation
of Spanish manufactures. This, however,
was only a part of the Spanish misfortunes.
The sudden exaltation of Spain produced a
degree of pride that, to other nations, was
while the wealth of the
Spanish monarch excited the bitter envy of
all his contemporary sovereigns, and led to
combinations against the Spanish power.
Personal pique often plays as important a
part in national as in society affairs, and
when the ambassadors of England, France
and Venice found the representative of the
majesty of Spain claiming precedence over
themselves, because, to use the grandilo-
quent language of one don, ‘My master |
rules the earth and your kings are but his
puppets,’’ it was but natural, nof only.
that they should report their grievance to
their governments, but also that their in-
dignant sovereigns should take up the
quarrel and make it
selves.
The consequence was that even
the reign of Charles V the empire
involved in war with all its neighbors,
while the peace within was often broken on
account of the zeal with which the state
undertook to aid the church in the extirpa-
tion of heresy. There was a long and cost-
ly war with Francis I, arising from the
jealousy felt by France for her more power-
ful neighbor ; there was a longer and still
more expensive strife waged against the
Protestants of German
the Netherlands,
development else-
personal to them-
y and the people of
while Charles, though
eager to exterminate heretics, did not scra-
ple to make war on the pope, and military
operations on a large scale were also car-'
ried on against the Turks, Tunis and Al-
giers. The consequence was that even the
enormous sums sent to the imperial trea-
sury from Mexico and Peru were insuffi-
cient to defray the expenses of these cam-
paigns, and Charles was forced to levy ex-
traordinary taxes on the people. These
caused revolts all over Spain, and in sev-
eral provinces a guétrilla war was carried
gainst the imperial troops
e later years of thereign of
Even the extraordinary levies
] : failed to produce funds in sufficient amount
against the Turks to the south and the | to carry out the plans of Charles and he
savage tribes in the great steppes which | was fin
ally compelled to contract an enor-
extended to the base of the Ural range. | mous a b
for the payment of which he
pledged the revenues of the state.
on to believe that Charles
clearly foresaw the approaching decline of
the Spanish power, bit there is no special
evidence to show that he abdicated in or-
der to escape his share of the responsibility.
He was not a man to shirk responsibility.
His abdication seems to have heen the act
of an old, broken, disappointed and thor-
oughly heart-si¢ck man.
his plans faii.
He had seen all
He had seen France once
crushed, but stronger than ever ; he had
apparently extermi-
opening of his reign. He was sick of the
whole business and, so in disgust, turned
it over to his son to manage as best he
could.
The evil that Charles did lived after him
and soon grew to mighty proportions under
Philip II. Some of the mischievous meas-
ures of this short-sighted king have already
been alluded to, but the most disastrous
and far-reaching mistake was the English
war. His marriage with Mary had not
endeared him in the least to the English
people, and his conquest of Portugal and
merciless campaigns against the heretics of
the Netherlands showed the English what
they might expect should he succeed in ob-
taining authority on the islands. The
death of Mary did not put an end to his
schemes, but his failure to contract a ma-
trimonial alliance with Elizabeth enraged
him, and, for revenge, he planned the con-
quest of England. The story of the ‘‘In-
vincible Armada’’ has been often told and
is familiar to every school-boy, but not so
well-known is the fact that Philip was in-
spired to fit out the great fleet in 1588 by
the success of a naval campaign against the
Turks in 1571, in which the Spanish fleet,
allied with the naval forces of all the Med-
iterranean states, put an end to the Turk-
ish growth at sea and forced the Moslems
to confine their military operations to the
land.
Philip dreamed of another Lepanto on
the English coast, and, with sublime con-
fidence in the invincibility of his fleet, was
with difficulty restrained from accompany-
ing it to England. The rnin of the armada
was the first great shock to the Spanish
monarch. It had been weakening for years,
but the weakness here and there observable
did not detract from public belief in its
general strength. The loss of the armada
showed the world Spain’s weakest point,
and the enemies of the Spanish state were
not slow to profit by the knowledge thus
gained. The English, the Dutch, the
French hastened to build vessels on the
tyve of those in which Drake and his cap-
tains outmanoeuvered the unwieldly gal-
leons that floated helplessly up the chan-
nel, and in less than a century three other
great fleets bearing the Spanish flag had
been captured or destroyed by the small
fleet cruisers of these constantly hostile
nations, and innumerable Spanish vessels
had been taken singly, whose treasure was
spent as prize money in Amsterdam, Bor-
deaux and Portsmouth by elated sailors.
In addition to these reverses abroad, a
train of disasters came at home from the
incompetence of the Spanish rulers. No
country was probably ever so cursed with
fanatical and imbecile kings as was Spain
during the seventeenth century. Each
seemed, if possible, a little worse than his
predecessor ; a little more stupid, a little
more bigoted, a little.less able to see facts,
that were obvious to all others, until the
line was ended by an idiot scarcel y able to
muster the knowledge necessary to sign
his name to state papers. The consequences
were apparent both at home and abroad.
Travelers through Spain declared that the
whole country seemed under a blight. In-
dustry was dead, the farms were antilled,
the pastures untenanted, the population
had fallen off to an alarming extent, the
roads between towns could not be used.
The provinces and dependent states were
in constant. rebellion. There were insur-
rections in Italy and Sicily, Portugal re-
covered its independence, the Spanish were
driven out of the Netherlands, there were
‘vars with France in which the arms of the
latter were uniformly victorious, the Amer-
ican colonies were almost completely cut
off from intercourse with the home govern-
ment on account of the activity of English
and Dutch cruisers, while what news came
was largely of misfortune, for the mines of
precious metal were failing, rival vice-toys
and governors were fighting, and the pi-
rates of the West Indies infested the coasts.
of Mexico, Central America and Venezueia
to suchan extent that only a large and
well-armed fleet could pass in safety
through the gauntlet of pirate brigantines.
To crown all, under Charles II, at the be-
ginning of the following century, came the
famous war of the Spanish succession, in
which the best blood of Spain was poured
out on distant fields in a quarrel in which
the Spanish people felt little interest, and
at its close the power of the state was still
further reduced by the cessions which
Philip V was compelled to make in order
to maintain himself on the Spanish throne.
The eighteenth century was a period of
almost uninterrupted disaster. Two un-
successful wars were waged with England >
during one, Gibraltar became an English
possession ; during the other, when Spain
took sides with France after the revolution,
the Spanish fleet was destroyed, all oe
ports of Spain were blackaded and the
country uced to abject misery?” But
these misfortunes were small when com-
pared to those which came in the first
quarter of the century. The attempt of
Napoleon to force a French king upon the
Spanish people led to the guerrilla war
against the invaders which raged for years
in every nook and corner of the peninsula,
and, though successful, left the country a
barren waste. The officers of Wellington’s
army have left accounts of the pitiable con-
dition of Spain and its inhabitants as wit-
nessed during their campaigns against the
French. Throughout whole provinces not
a farm was under cultivation ; heaps of
ashes and standing chimneys marked the
sites of towns and villages, and a few rag-
ged, starving wretches, picking up acorns
in the forests, represented the population.
Such was the state of Spain at the end of
Napoleon’s wars, and worse was to come,
for three years after Napoleon had been
sent ‘to St. Helena mutterings of revolt
were heard in the American colonies. By
1820 the whole of Spanish America was in
open insurrection. Heroic attempts were
made by the government to ‘ put down the
rebellions that had sprung up all over the
Spanish colonies, but from Mexico to Chili
the whole country was up and armed, and
the few troops that could be sent from
Spain accomplished nothing. The same
policy that is now being prosecuted in
Cuba—that of extermination—was at-
tempted in America, but the Spaniards’
were too few to exterminate whole na-
tions, and, though the war was prosecuted
with as much vigor as could be shown hy a
egenerate race, before the close of 1826
the Spaniards had been driven from every
position on the mainland of America and
their splendid empire was gone. Since
then the decline of Spain has been still
more marked than before. Revolution has
succeeded revolution ; a war with France
in 1823, civil wars in the Basque country,
the Carlist war and other struggles have
tended to weaken the nation, while in-
dustries are paralyzed, agriculture is at a
a standstill, and. of its former greatness
Spain retains only the pride of recollec-
tion.
So a rapid decline and a fall so great’
have not taken place without attracting
the attention of philosophical minds, which
have exerted themselves to discover and
explain the causes of the decay of an em-
pire that comprised more territory within
its limits than any other know to the his-
torian. It is interesting to observe that, |
in general, the historians have explained
the phenomenon according to their own
prejudices. The Protestant uses the de-
cline as an object lesson against the prev-
alent religion of Spain, finding a full and
satisfactory explanation in the Inquisition
and the suppression of the freedom of reli-
gious opinion ; one Catholic historian, on
the contrary, attributes the decadence to
the leniency in dealing with heresy in its
early stages, affirming that had Charles V
exerted due diligence in stamping out the
reformation in Germany, Spain would be
to-day what she was then, the greatest
power on the earth. The political econo-
mist teaches that the enormous wealth
brought from America, instead of enrich-
ing, really impoverished Spain, since it in-
duced neglect of home industries and gen-
erated an extravagance which became the
ruin of the nation. Buckle finds, or thinks
he finds, the cause, partly at least, in the
superstitious reverence for authority which
kept the Spaniards faithful to church and
state, even while they knew the one to be
corrupt and the other incompetent. Pride
of character and an arrogance that excited
the hatred of all foreigners-and the antag-
onism of all foreign ‘states, the warlike
habits of the Spanish’ people, confirmed by
eight centuries of constant conflict with
the Moors, draining the country of its best
men and leaving only the weakly and in-
firm, each and every one of these ~auses,
sogether with innumerable others, have
been upheld by able advocates. Explain
it as we may the fact remains, that from
whatever cause or causes the Spain of to-
day is but a phantom of the Spain of three
centuries ago, the splendid empire of
Charles V, and Philip II has not melted
away. It has been violently rent in pieces,
and not a leading power in the world but
has grown great, in some degree, at the ex-
pense of Spain.—St. Louis Globe- Democrat.
He Knew His. Own Value.
Before the war, in thas of slavery, a
New York jeweller, of a prominent family,
who can be called Mr. X., had owing to
him a bill of $1200 from a reputedly wealthy
family in the South. Time after time
the bill was rendered, but there was no re-
sponce, and finally Mr. X., as he chanced
to have other business taking him beyond
the Mason and Dixod line, decided to call
at the house of his debtor in New Orleans
and see if he could get satisfaction for his
claim.
On his arrival there he found that his
debtor was in a bad way financially and
had but little money, although
running an expensive establishment. A
proposition was made that Mr. X,, take in
payment for his bill a negro named Jim,
a very bright fellow, and considered to be
worth fully $1500. Jim was an expert
horseman, and through all his life had
been working in the stables of his mas-
ter.
Mr. X. wasin a quandary. His aboli-
tionist ideas prevented him from being a
slave owner, but his natural anxiety to re-
ceive something from the bill due him
almost demanded that he should accept
the slave as payment. Finally a bright
idea suggested itself, and he called the
negro to him.
“Now, Jim,”’ said he, *‘T am going to be
your new master. Ido not want to live
here in the south and look after you, nor
do I wish to take you to the north with
me. Now I’ve been thinking of this plan :
Will you be honest, sober, and attentive
to business if I set you up in the cab trade
in this city? Will yon turn over every
cent to me and not steal from me ? If you
promise, I will set you up in business, and
when you send me the money that you
earn I will credit half of it to you. When
your half of the money amounts to twelve
hundred dollars, you can buy your free-
dom, and then we can continue partners in
the business, or you can buy me out. If
you do not want to make any promises, or
if you will not keep the promises that you
may make, I will sell you, and then you
may get a hard master.”’
Jim of course promised, and what is
more remarkable, he kept his word. Mr.
X. bought for him three cabs and as many
teams, and allowed him full management
of the business.
So well did Jim take care of the enter-
prise that within a year he had charge of
nine cabs, and several teams of horses for
each cab. He sent his money regularly to
New York, and within two years his share
of the profits amounted to $2800. But
still he made no suggestion that any of his
money be turned over to Mr. X. for his
freedom.
Mr. X. did not wish to speak about the
matter to Jim, but he was anxious to get
some cash value for the slave. He accord-
ingly sent a friend to see Jim and find
out what was the matter. The friend went
to Jim, and said to him :
“Jim, you have sent to Mr. X. nearly
fifty-seven hundred dollars, haven’t
you?”
“Yassir,”” said Jim.
“And twenty-eight hundred dollars of
that will be yours if you buy your free-
dom, won’t it?’
“Yassir,”” said Jim again.
“Well, it will only cost you twelve hun-
dred dollars to buy your freedom, and
when you do you will ‘have sixteen hun-
dred dollars left, and can still continue in
partnership with Mr. X. Why don’t you
buy your freedom !’
“Look yere, ‘boss,”’ said Jim, solemnly—
“look yere ; yo’ dona’ ketch dis chicken yere
a buying a niggah dat has consumption.’ —
From the “Editor’s Drawer,” in Harper's
Magazine for May.
—Pennsylvania has got its share of
diplomatic and consular appointments, and
Philadelphia has swept the platter clear.
This is the roaster : Charlemagne Tower,
minister to Austria ; Thomas S. Harrison,
consul-general to Egypt ; ason of the late
Thomas A. Scott, secretary of legation at
Paris, and lieutenant Thackara, late of the
navy, consul to Havre. These are all nice
places and go to nice people, who are con-
tributors to Mr. Hanna's campaign fund.
There is a prospect the Carnegie company
will be able to pull the plum of minister to
Switzerland for its late president, Mr.
Leishman. He merits it on the score of
of campaign liberality. This will probably:
wind up Pennsylvania's allotment. The
Smail brigade of clergymen and country
politicians who have picked out consulates
from Jersusalem to Halifax will have a
chance to chew the cud of sweet and bitter
melancholy. — Post.
Not on the Map. /
How far is it to paradise ?
In faith, T cannot say ;
Last eve I saw a lad and lass
Stroll surely out that way.
How far is it to paradise ?
No chart the goal reveals ;
It lies not far, for folk I know
Have gone there on their wheels,
—Chicago Record,
Subscribe for the WATCHMAN.
STRONGHOLD.
Withdrew From Larissa, After Dismantling It, to
Pharsalos, With the Turkish Army in Close Pursuit.
Athens Alarmed. Not Discouraged.—Capital Will be
Well Defended—Edhem Pasha Reported Dead—His
Soldiers Outnumber the Christians. .
ATHENS, April 24.—The Greek army has
fallen back to a second line of defense, A
dispatch was received from Prince Constan-
tin to-day, that the army, after a terrific
battle at Mati, was driven back by force of
numbers and had retreated to Pharsalos.
Colonel Mastrapas’ brigade, which had
Turks at Mati with great heroism, was not
able to keep his position, and withdrew to-
wards Tyrnaves. In a war council, presid-
ed over by Prince Constantin, it was decid-
ed to leave Tyrnavos and Larissa and with-
draw toward Pharsalos, about 20 miles
south of Larissa, wherea decisive battle
will probably take place.
The Greek army withdrew in perfect
order, although pursued by overwhelming
numbers of Turkish infantry and cavalry.
The brigades under Colonels Smolenski and
Reveni and Boughazi in good order.
Before the Greeks abandoned their posi-
tion at Larissa they spiked their guns in
position and carried away with them all of
the movable cannon and munitions of war.
At 6 o'clock in the evening some of the
Greek forces retreated in good order on
Karacles, where they are intrenched. From
Arta others of the Greeks occupied the
heights of Pontepigadia.
The Turkish advance forces are in sight
of Larissa. The foreign warships have been
sighted off Pharlerum.
Upon reaching Pharsalos the troops be-
gan to retrench themselves in anticipation
of pursuit by the Turks. Strange to say,
the enemy has remained in the vicinity of
Larissa. and has yet made no move south-
ward.
As may well be supposed, the news of
the retreat of the army has thrown this city
into a state of greatest consternation. The
streets are full of weeping women and
wildly excited men. There is no thought
of surrender. however. All the talk is of
war to the bitter end.
If the Turks come within gunshot of the
defenses around the city they will be op-
posed by thousands of armed and desper-
ate women, frenzied with patriotism and
fired by a noble purpose.
« This morning a long ministerial council
took place, and many decisions were taken
on the situation. After the council dis-
patches were sent to the armies of Epirus
and Thessaly and the Greek naval squad-
rons. ;
Half a dozen or more attacks were made
by the Turks before they finally succeeded
in driving the Greeks backs to Kazablar.
From Kazabler they retreated to Larissa,
which place they evacuated without strug-
gle, simply because the Turkish troops were
rapidly enclosing them in a trap. With
the south still open, the Greeks took ad-
vantage and withdrew to Pharsalos, where
it is expected the next battle will take
place.
The people here fully realize the situa-
tion, but have by no means abandoned
hope. Their hopes center upon Bulgaria.
If the Balkin states will only make up
their minds to step forward and take a
hand in the fight, and stop flirting the
gauntlet in Turkey’s face, the Moslem may
yet be driven over the Pindus.
Before receiving news of to-day’s disaster
there was much rejoicing among the people
here over a dispatch from Arta, which stat-
ed that two Albanian regiments had mu-
tinied and another had surrendered tc :'ol-
onel Manos.
An answer to a telegram of inquiry sent
to Sofia to-day says that matters in’ Bul-
garia are very serious, and that a declara-
tion of independence is being discussed by
prominent officers of the government.
Ricotti Garibaldi, son of the Italian lib-
erator, who has volunteered his services to
the Greeks, arrived to-day, and will leave
for the front to-morrow. = His arrival was
hailed with the greatest enthusiasm.
A rumor is in circulation here that Edhem
>asha was severely wounded at Mati, and
that he has since died. The rumor is not
believed.
The customary Good Friday celebration
which was observed last evening was the
occasion of a very impressive ceremonial.
Thousands of persons with lighted candles
in their hands made their way to the pub-
lic squares, and from there formed in g pro-
cession and marched to the cathedral, where
the king and queen attended mass.
In the procession were all the officers of
the capital. They came toa halt in the
middle of the square, where the leader
prayed for the soldiers who were fighting
for the cross.
The people stood with uncovered heads
as silent as death, save for an occasional
deep sob or an amen. After the prayer the
crowd quietly dispersed. .
The Cretan insurgents are threatening
Canea, and the representatives of the pow-
ers are demanding reinforcements. A dis-
patch was received from Paris to-day, say-
ing that the French government favors in-
tervention between Greece and Turkey.
REGARDING THE POWERS.
LONDON, April 25. —What seems likely
to be the last week of the war is entered
upon to-day. It is difficult from the tangle
of conflicting telegrams to understand the
exact position of affairs. Following the
Greek defeat at Larissa, London opinion is
almost unanimous that the end is in sight,
and this view is. probably shared by the
powers, as they are already moving to in-
tervene.
It is believed that intervention will first
take the form of a suggestion of armistice,
to which the combatants would no doubt
agree. Since yesterday afternoon the
British foreign office has been in close com-
munication with the other members of the
European concert, Great Britain suggesting
that the time hus now arrived for them to
act. The French, German and Italian
governments have already responded, of-
fering to agree, though the German gov-
ernment adds a condition that it will be
necessary first to exact a pledge from Greece
to obey the mandate of Europe when this
mandate is again given. The British for-
-eign office believes that Greece will give
this pledge, as the disasters which have
overtaken her have demonstrated that
Turkey still possesses a formidable fighting
machine, a fact which must have a sober-
ing effect upon the popular demand for
war at Athens, and which will permit the
Greek nation to climb down without a
disgrace after a suberb vindication of the
personal courage of the Greek troops and a
gratifying demonstration of Hellenic pa-
triotism.
If the Greeks listen to reason and the
arguments which will be pressed by Eng-
gland at Athens and by Russia at Constan-
tinople, it is not improbable that a decis-
ion will be reached by Tuesday, before
which time it is not supposed here that
Edham Pasha or Osman Pasha will have to
do more than to appear at Pharsala.
The sitnation is enrious and perplexing
Continued on page 6.)
»
GREEKS HAVE SOUGHT ANOTHER
been repulsing repeated attacks of the.
Dimoponlos, withdrew from the passes of !
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FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN.
A woman of good sense will not wear a
bird or a bird’s wing in her hat. She will
hold up her hands in horror at a boy who
dares Kill a robin, and yet she has almost
exterminated the feathered tribe to gratify
her vanity and bedeck her head.
A specialist says : ‘‘Tincture of benzoin
is very detrimental to oily skins. The
familiar rosewater and glycerine in the
majority of instances makes the complex-
ion dry, yellow and leathery.
**Face masks are dreadful in their effects
on not only the skin, but the general
health, particularly those made of rubber.
They make the face perspire, and the im-
purities which exude from the pores cling
to the rubber for awhile and are reabsorbed
Steaming the face robs the skin of its nat-
ural oil, causes wrinkles to appear and
makes one sensitive to neuralgia. Under
the delusive pretense of facial massage
hundreds of women have had the delicate
tissues of their faces pinched and slapped
and rubbed and twisted without any re-
gard whatever for the natural condition of
the skin. Digappointment generally fol-
lows the use ot all the things I have men-
tioned, and also of the methods employed.
All of these remedies are enough to ruin
a woman’s face.’
“One should be as carefnl about the
soap they use on the skin as about the
diet. The best soap in the world for the
complexion is a pure olive soap made in
south of Spain from the fruits of trees that
grow near the creeks.”
*‘It takes six months to make this soap,
and it is expensive ; but it is economy - to
pay a good price for anything that goes on
the complexion. A ‘woman cries out
against paying $I a box for powder. She
doesn’t know that it will last twice as
long as $1 worth of cheap powder.”
The new spring jackets have an unmis-
takable appearance. No matter what the
color or what the material, there is a mili-
tary finish.
One of rough gray cloth is cut short like
the cadet jackets of West Point. It is
trimmed across the front in black braid
and has the same trimming on the
sleeves. The black braid has a tiny edge
of gilt, giving it a very neat look. The
little jacket opens just enough to show
a white satin blouse underneath. The
skirt that will be worn with this will be a
black broadcloth, with a satiny finish.
The hat is a deep violet rough straw, pro-
fusely trimmed with hollyhocks in red ;
the crown is rather low and owes it height
only to the immense hollyhocks that are
set boldly at the back.
To the frugal maidens who are trying to
mag some last year’s stock do duty dur-
ing ¥897, it is pleasant to know that the
changes in style are but slight. With the
exception of an expected decrease in the
size of sleeves and one or two new styles in
collars and a slight addition to the amount
of permissible frivolity. the models are
much the same. One of the new skirts is
made of green and whité plaid cheviot and
is most closely and exquisitively fitted,
while made in the very newest fashion.
Tiny white turnover collar and cuffs serve
emphatically to mark it as an 1897 brand.
To suit a long, narrow face, the hair
should be dressed round, and it is always
best to show a coil or so frem the side be.
hind the ears ; also endeavor to fill up the
nape of the neck as much as possible. For
{ a sharp-featured face always avoid dress
ing the hair right at the top of the back of
the crown in the line with the nose, as
this so accentuates the severe outlines.
Dress the hair low down or else quite on
the crown-top to meet the fringe. For a
round face. narrow dressings are becoming,
and can be taken well down the neck.
For a broad face, narrow dressings are pref-
erable, bat should be kept some-
what high. Exceedingly tall people
should keep the hair rather low and decid-
edly round. Very short ladies can have
their hair dressed high, as it gives addition
to their stature. It is very rarely that we
find purely white hair * it is more general-
ly gray-white or greenish gray, and with
this latter no colors are so suitable as dark
greens, hrowns, ambers, purple tints, deep
cream, dark red and warm shades of dark
blue. ,
To fall into a habit of fault finding is
one of the easiest things in the world.
In no place are there so many opportu-
nities for indulging in this sort of thing as
in the home.
It is a disagreeable thing ‘to find fault,
yet there are some who seem to like to
do it simply for the sake of finding
fault. -
These people do not mean to be chronic
fault-finders and it never occurs to them
that they are.
, They would not for the world be thought
disagreeable and but for that one trait
would be generally very pleasant. com-
panions.
They did not acquire the habit at once :
any of their friends will tell you that
there was a time when they were not so.
They began by noticing every little fail-
ing, or supposed failing, among their ac-
quaintances, and the habit giew with them
until it appeared as part of their nature to
notice and condemn every little fault sup-
posed or real.
They are very far from being perfect
themselves ; in fact, they think so much
about the imperfections of others that they
have little time to attend to their own.
They would be grieved and hurt should
their friends retaliate by noticing every
little ‘eccentricity of theirs, and perhaps
had their friends had the courage to do so,
it might open their eyes to the unpleasant-
ness of fault-finding.
Everybody has faults of some kind, and
most people fully realize how great; or small
they may be, but nobody cares to be re-
minded of them every little while. The
fanlt-finders who make a practice of this
will soon find themselves with very few
friends.
Have the skirts of your wash gowns and
those of clinging materials made a 'half-
yard wider at the bottom than your cloth
one ; that is, five yards around, instead of
four and half. Always have a straight
back in wash gowns and have it gathered
they will launder so much better.
Sleeves are tucked ; skirts are tucked
the edge of the holero is tucked ; vests are
tucked to the bust line, and then the full-
ness allowed to fall. Have'at least one of
your gowns trimmed with tuckings this
season if you want to have what everybody
else is wearing. At Easter all shades of
blue were observed, trimmed with empire
green, and no combination of colors seem too
bizarre in the effort to secure striking and
novel results.
Senator Mason, of Illinois, says it
cost him half his salary last month to write
letters to office-seckers. He devotes sev-
eral hours every day to seeing personally
office-hunters who call on him.