S/W ve
Bellefonte, Pa., July 31, 1896.
FARM NOTES.
Professor Byron D. Halstead, botanist of
the New Jersey Agricultural College ex-
periment station, in a series of talks to the
students of the University Extension so-
ciety, of Philadelphia, speaking of fungus
diseases of plants, said :
Fungus parasites form a vast group of
plants, many of them microscopic. Fungi
are the lowest of all plants, and one of
their pecularities is that they exist upon
organic material either of plant or animal
origin. The family is large and of a
heterogeneous character. To it belong the
good mushroom and the bac toadstool, the
puff ball and the mischievous enemies of
crop growers, the various rusts, smuts,
mildews, molds and blights. A potato rot
fungus brought a famine to Ireland, and a
grape mildew sometimes ruins entire vine-
yards. Nearly every kind of frui. and
vegetables is attacked by several of these
enemies. So on the whole the faniily is
more to be despised than respected.
Smuts are among the most noticeable of
the fungus parasites destructive to crops.
The one of the corn is a good example. The
sooty mass in the ear is made up of mil-
lions of microscopic spores, each of which
is able to grow and produce the smut in a
young plant the next season. It has slen-
der threads which run through the tissues
of the corn plant, and finally produce the
spore in the forming ear. A similar fun-
gus causes the wheat smut and another that
of oats. As a remedy Dr. Halstead sug-
gests that as it is known that inoculation
takes place when the plant is a seedling,
by briefly soaking the seed in hot water
the adhering spores are killed and much
smut prevented. Smutted ears or heads of
grain should be gathered and destroyed so
that the spores may not get into the soil
and produce infection from them. The
smut propogates in compost and manure
piles. Rusts are another group qf fungus
enemies to crops which prey upon the field
grains and orchard fruits. The spores are
often orange-colored, giving the common
name of rust to the affected spots. Many
of the rust fungi live upon two widely dif-
ferent plants. The rust of the apple thrives
also upon the cedar, causing brown galls,
which have orange masses of spores.
Another enemy which the wide-awake
farmer is continually fighting is mildew.
There are two classes of mildew, Professor
Halstead says. One is entirely superficial
—that is not penetrating the interior tissue
of the leaf or stem. Such give the affected
parts a dusty appearance, and are the
powdery mildews. They have ‘multitudes
of summer spores of small size and for im-
mediate germination. Later in the season
a second form of spore is slowly formed and
surrounded by thick walls for enduring
the winter. These superficial mildews are
easily reached by fungicides.
Downy mildews are deep feeders, and
only come to the surface to bear their sum-
mer spores upon the tips of slender stalks
which project from the stomata. These
mildews are among the most destructive of
our fungus enemies, including potato rot,
grape, lettuce, onion, cucumber, apple and
other mildews. Preventive measures in
the form of fungicides can he employed
with advantage.
Black knot is a most conspicuous enemy
of the plum and cherry, and illustrates a
class of deeply seated perennial fungous
parasites not easily reached by spraying,
but should be removed with the knife.
“Plum pockets’’ are caused by a similar
fungus, and should be gathered and burned.
There are many diseases grouped under
the general name ‘‘blight.”” Thus there
are at least two of the pear, one of the foli-
age and fruit, causing the spotting of the
one and the cracking of the other. This
can he controlled by spraying. The second
is a more obscure malady, and attacks the
twigs, working destruction rapidly, and
not reached by remedies. Remove the
blighted parts and burn them.
Club-root is one of the troublesome dis-
eases caused by a fungus which produces
enlargements of the roots and finally their
decay. The enemy is confined to the cab-
bage family, but growing upon some of the
common weeds as shepherd’s purse and
hedge mustard is not easily eradicated.
Burn all rubbish at harvest time, and sus-
ceptible crops should not succeed each other
upon the infected soil. Lime may be used
to advantage upon the land.
There are many kinds of decays known
as rots. Those of the sweet potato are
familiar ones. The soft rot is most abun-
dant in the bin while the roots are moist.
The mold causing this decay is a rapid
grower, but can be controlled by drying
the potatoes. Black rot is caused by a fun-
gus that attacks the growing plants, and
may begin in the hot-bed. Reject all sets
that show the black streaks. Soil rot is a
third enemy of the sweet potato, ‘so named
because the attack is made from the soil,
where the germs accumulate. Rotation of
crops seems the wisest action for this ene-
my. Stem rot causes the young plants to
decay near the surface of the ground. Dry
rot is still another decay of the sweet potato,’
but not yet troublesome.
There are many decays of the succulent
parts of the plants due to micro-organisms
known as bacteria. Carrots, turnips, beets,
and particularly Irish potatoes are destroy-
ed by these germs.
They attack celery and various fruits and
vegetables, while several green-house plants
suffer from their inroads, as the violet,
carnation, geranium, ete. The fire blight
of pears is caused by bacteria, as also some
of the diseases of oats, sorghum and corn.
Similar organisms cause the scab of pota-
toes, and this last can be checked largely
by soaking the seed in a solution of corro-
sive sublimate. Aside from the various
preventative measures previously mention-
ed, the leading direct treatment of fungus
enemies is spraying. This consists in plac-
ing a thin film of a fungicide upon the sus-
pected victim. The spraying is accom-
plished in various ways, but a force pump,
hose and nozzle to make a fine spray are
leading essentials. Every part of the
plant should be wet thoroughly, but not
drenched with the misty spray.
It is of great importance to begin spray-
ing early in the season, and with trees and
shrubs as soon as the buds begin to open.
The number of times to spray will depend
upon circumstances, as when a heavy rain
goon follows an application it should be
quickly repeated. The point is to keep the
thin film of the fungicide upon the surface
and thus prevent the spores from gaining a
hold. Spray—spray early—spray thor-
oughly, the learned Professor said.
——Subsacribe for the WATCHMAN.
The Pennsylvania Railroad’s Popular
Excursions to the Seashore.
$8 For Twelve Days.
The next of the Penusylvania railroad
company’s series of popular ten-day excur-
sions to the seashore will leave Pittsburg
on August 6th. ki
The reason of the great favor in which
these excursions are held is easy to see.
The rate of $10 for the round trip is phe-
nomenally low, considering the distance
and the high character of the service ; the
limit of twelve days just fits the time set
apart for the average vacation, and the
dates of the excursions are most convenient-
ly adjusted. There is also the widest field
for choice in the selection of the resort. At-
lantic City, Cape May, Sea Isle City, and
Ocean City are the choicest of the Atlantic
coast resorts, and any one of them may be
visited under these arrangements.
A special train of parlor cars and day
coaches will leave Pittsburg on the above
mentioned day at 8.55 a. m., and connect
at Philadelphia with special train via the
new Delaware river bridge route, landing
passengers at Atlantic City in twelve hours
from Pittsburg ; or passengers for Atlantic
City may spend the night in Philadelphia
and proceed to destination by regular
trains from Broad street station or Market
street wharf the following day. Passen-
gers for the other points above named will
use regular trains from Market street wharf
the following day.
Tickets will also be sold for regular
trains leaving Pittsburg at 4.30 and 8.10 p.
from all stations at which they stop,
d from stations from which regular con-
nection is made with them. These trains
have Pullman sleeping cars attached and
arrive in Philadelphia next morning,
whence passengers may proceed to the
shore on any regular train that day.
Tickets will be sold from the stations at
the rates named below :(— :
Rate. Train leaves.
Altoona (stops for dinner)...8 00 12.45 P. M.
MartinSburg..............ccvceesnsee 8 00 10.25 A. M.
Hollidaysburg. ae 11.08 +
Bellwood......... 12.56 P. M.
Curwensville... 9.15 A. M.
Clearfield..... 031
Philipsburg. 0M ©
Houtzdale.... 83 ©
Osceola..... 1023 ¢
Tyrone....,.... i 108 P, M.
Philadelphia............... 646 ©
For further information apply to the
ticket agents, or Mr. Thomas E. Watt,
District Passenger Agent, Pittsburg.
——Tammany Hall, the greatest Demo-
cratic organization in the United States, is
rallying to the support of Bryan and Se-
wall, the Democratic nominees for Presi-
dent and Vice President. Hon. John C.
Sheehan, the head of Tammany, in a re-
cent letter to the New York Journal, says ;
“Tammany is for the Democratic ticket,
and unless a change of sentiment occurs be-
tween now and election day, Bryan will
sweep the State. You may call it a ‘craze,’
or what you will, but the people are be-
hind it. They are being educated, and the
most frantic efforts of the opposition can-
not stem the popular tide. Bryan will
carry New York by a larger majority than
did Cleveland in 1892.”
Sure Test.
Wallace—I can tell a gold man as soon
as I hear him speak.
Ferry—Yes, you can! How ?
‘‘He never says "‘gold.”” He always says
‘‘sound money.’
If you wear ‘‘sleeve bustles,’’ for good-
ness sake cover them with some thin lining
before sewing them in your sleeves ; other-
wise, when the light shines through they
look like a base-ball mask being ‘‘sneaked’’
out for a Sunday game.
——When is a cow not a cow ? When it
is tarned into a pasture.
Z
Business Notice.
Children Cry for Pitcher’s Castoria.
When baby was sick, we gave her Castoria,
When she was a Child, she cried for Castoria,
When she became a Miss, she clung to Castoria,
When she had Children, she gave them Castoria.
Castoria.
A 8 T Oo BI A
C C A 8 T 0 Bh 1 A
C A 8 T 0 KB I A
C A 8 T0 BR T A
XA $s T 0 RY A
C .
CC¢
FOR INFANTS AND CHILDREN.
Castoria promotes Digestion, and overcomes
Flatuleney, Constipation, Sour Stomach, Diarrhea
and Feverishness. Thus the child is rendered
heatthy and its sleep natural. Castoria contains
no Morphine or other narcotic property.
“Castoria is so well adapted to children that I
recommend it as superior to any prescription
known to me.” H. A. ArcHER, M. D.,
111 South Oxford St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
From personal knowledge and observation I
can say that Castoria is a excellent medicine for
children, acting as a laxative and relieving the
in up bowels and general system vers much.
any mothers have told me of its excellent ef-
fect upon their chiidren.”
Dr. G. C. OsGoob,
. Lowell, Mass.
“For several years I have recommended ‘Cas-
toria,” and shall always continue todo so as it has
invariably produced beneficial results.”
Epwix F. Parpeg, M. D.,
125th Street and 7th Ave., New York City,
“The use of ‘Castoria’ is so universal and its
merits so well known that it seems a work of su-
ererogation to endarse it, Few are the intelligent
amilies who do not keep Castoria within easy
reach.” Carros Martyy, D. D.,
41-15-2ys New York City.
son
New Advertisements.
Finest Roasted Coffees, Rio, Java,
Fresh Roasted.
SEC HLER & CO
Santos and Mocha.
Cottolene. : /
{oroinnE
COOKS
» Ee
i
Should remember to use only two-thirds as much
COTTOLENE as they formerly used of lazd or but
ter. With two-thirds the quantity they will get
better
with lard or butter.
results at less cost than it is possible to get
When COTTOLENE is used
for frying articles that are to be immersed, a bit of bread should be dropped into it to ascer-
tain if itis at the right heat. When the bread browns in half a minute the COTTOLENE is
ready. Never let COTTOLENE get hot enough to smoke.
* THREE IMPORTANT; poINts; The frying pan should be cold when the COTTOLENE is put
in: COTTOLENE heats to the cooking point sooner than lard
It never sputters when hot.
The COTTOLENE trade-marks are «Opttolenc” and a steer’s head in cotton plant wreath.
THEN. K.
40-31.
FAIRBANK COMPANY, CHICAGO
and 132 N. Delaware, Ave., Philadelphia.
schomacker Piano.
oo M4acnySE
" THE RECOGNIZED——1
STANDARD PIANO OF THE WORLD,
ESTABLISHED 1833.
PREFERRED BY
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extraordinary power and durability with great beauty and even-
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instrument now manufactured in this or any other country in the world.
——HIGHEST HONOR EVER ACCORDED ANY
MAKER.—
UNANIMOUS VERDICT.
;
1851—Jury Group, International Exposition—1876, for Grand, Square, and Upright
New Advertisements.
|FUBS, PAILS, WASH RUBBERS,
BROOMS, BRUSHES, BASKETS.
SECHLER & CO.
ae COAST LINE TO MACKINAC.—
pra TA JF, 7 Fees
D. AND CGC
MACKINAC
DETROIT
PETOSKEY
CHICAGO
2 NEW STEEL PASSENGER STEAMERS.
The Greatest Perfection yet attained in Boat
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FOUR TRIPS PER WEEK BETWEEN
TOLEDO, DETROIT axp MACKINAC
PETOSKY, ‘‘THE 800,’’ MARQUETTE, AND DULUTH.
Low Rates to Picturesque Mackinac and Re-
turn, including Meals bi Berths. From Cleve-
land, $18 ; from Toledo, $15; from Detroit, $13.50.
EVERY EVENING
BETWEEN DETROIT AND CLEVELAND
Connecting at Cleveland with Earliest Trains
for all points East, South and Southwest and at
Detroit for all points North and Northwest.
Sunday Trips June, mn August and September
nly.
TO
EVERY DAY BETWEEN
CLEVELAND, PUT-IN-BAY AND TOLEDO
Send for Illustrated Pamphlet. Address
A. A. SCHANTZ, G. P. A., DETROIT, MICH.
THE DETROIT AND CLEVELAND STEAM
NAV. CO. 41-20-6m
MUSTARD
JPINEST TABLE-OIL,
OLIVES, SAUCES, KETCHUPS, SALAD
DRESSING, MUSHROOMS, TRUFFLES,
CAPERS.
38-1 SECHLER & CQ.
S USUAL
THE CANADA ATLANTIC AND
PLANT LIXE
is in the lead and commencing
SATURDAY, JULY 11th,
Pipes, © ee i al eetuamene WILL OPERATE.........
Illustrated catalogue mailed on application. ~~ ~~ |... 3—SHIPS A WEEK-3......
DIRECT FROM BOSTON
——to all points in the——
ssesseces MARITIME PROVINCES.........
SCHOMACKER PIANO-FORTE MANUFACTURING CO., TTT
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA,
WARER®OMS: 1109 Ches ilad-Iphia. Y KEYS]
1 bat Sie ai i Sy wii HAWKEYSBURY, C. B,,
a4 res Los Clg. CHARLOTTETOWN, P. E. IL,
— = — with the following schedule
Fauble’s
SS. “HALIFAX” SAILS—
For THE MONTH OF JULY
ONLY.
To enable us to make room for our Fall
Stock we will sell you ANY SUIT IN OUR
STORE
MENS’ BOYS' or CHILDRENS’
— t—
14 OFF THE MARKED PRICE.
When you consider that the marked price
on our Stock is fully 30 per cent. less than others
ask, you will realize what an immense reduc-
tion this 2{ off realy means.
SEE us.
40-10
SCI
It will pay you to
FAUBLES’,
Bellefonte, Pa.
——EVERY TUESDAY
at 12 o'clock noon, for Halifax, N. S., Hawkesbury
C. B., Charlottetown, P. E. I.
Every Saturday, at 4 13 m.
Every Wednesday, at 4 p. m.,
direct to Halifax, Nova Scotia.
All Sailing from the North Side of Lewis Wharf,
20 Atlantic Ave. Boston, Mass. All Steamships
connect at Ports named with Rail and Water"
Lines for all Points in the Maritime Provinces
and afford Tourists the Best Service to the Lan
of the Acadians.
—DON'T FORGET
JULY 28, 29, 30 and 31.
the.Canada Atlantic and Plant Line will Carry
Thousands of People, and you will be wise if you
make your Reservation Early.
For Rates, Tickets, Staterooms, Berths, and all
other necessary information, call on the Railroad
and Steamship Lines in all the principal Cities.
The Tourist Agents, 201, 211, 296 and 332 Washing-
ton Street, Boston, Mass.
E. N. MILLS, City Passenger and Ticket 'Ag’t,
207 Washington St.
RICHARDSON & BARNARD. Agents, 20 Atlantic
Avenne.
B. F. BLAKE, Assistant General Passenger
Agent, 207 Washington Street.
41-27-4t BOSTON, MASS.
sm ——
Saddlery.
R000 $5,000 $5,000
, =———WORTH OF———
HARNESS, HARNESS, HARNESS
SADDLES
and FOR SUMMER, ——
BRIDLES :
—NEW HARNESS FOR SUMMER,—
FLY-NETS FOR SUMMER,
DUSTERS FOR SUMMER,
WHIPS FOR SUMMER,
All combined in an immense Stock of Fin
Saddlery. .
have Dropped
{ To-day Prices }
THE LARGEST STOCK OF HORSE
COLLARS IN THE COUNTY. °°
JAMES SCHOFIELD,
BELLFONTE, PA.
33-37
Dr. Salm.
A MATTER OF GREAT
IMPORTANCE TO YOU
IN SUFFERING FROM LONG STANDING
CHRONIC DISEASES, DISEASES OF THE
BLOOD, SKIN AND NERVGUS SYSTEM,
AS WELL AS THOSE SUFFERING
FROM
EYE, EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
TROUBLE.
*
MORITZ SALM, M. D,
Von Grafe Infirmary,
COLUMBUS, OHIO.
Specialist,
—WILL BE IN— oh
BELLEFONTE, PA.
—AT—
THE BROCKERHOFF HOUSE,
—SATURDAYS—
Aug. 8, Sep. 5, Oct. 3-31, Nov. 28, Dec.
28, Jan. 23, Feb. 20, March 20,
April 17, May 15, June 12,
July 10.
ONE DAY ONLY.
EXAMINATION AND CONSULTATION
FREE TO EVERYBODY.
UNSOLICITED TESTIMONIALS
‘
Hard of Hearing for 35 Years, Caused
tarrh, and cured by Dr. Salm.
Rev. J. D. Leister, Swales, Pa.
Replying to your
gh y, as to testimonial with my
ublished by Dr. Salm, will say, that I was under
is treatment for 10 months for my hearing. It
was catarrh of the middle ear, and like yourself,
could hear better some days than others, could
hear better in noise. My hearing was very much
improved by the treatment, and have no doubt,
but that he can help you. Dr. Salm appears to be
an honest man, and he will tell you the truth,
whether he can help you or not. If I were you, I
would certainly consult him. I was longer afilic-
ted than you. ~My hearing was bad in one ear for
about 33 goa and in the other for about 24 or 25
years, oping that your hearing will be entirely
restored. Iremain.
Bedford, Pa., Bedford Co.
by Ca-
Isaac Pierson.
Case of Catarrh Cured by Dr. Salm.
Rev. J. D. Leister, Swales, Pa.
‘ours came to
hand to-day. Dr. Salm treated my 13 year old boy
for catarrh® in the head, and cured him in 6
months. I don't know whether he can cure you
or not, but on examination he will tell you the
truth. I know a man here, that he examined,
and he told him that he could not be cured. 1
know other people, that he done a great deal of
ood in other cases.
Tadisonburg, Centre Co., Pa. Ben Limbert.
Granulated Lids Cured by Dr. Salm.
For the last four years I have been troubled
very much with granulated eye lids; it partly
blinded me. Doctors here did me no good, it also
seemed to affect my general health. Dr. Salm has
cured me. I can again see splendidly, and fee’
better than ever.
Bessie THoMAS
Indiana, Pa., Dec. 5th, 1804.
Thaught I Would Lose my Mind, but Dr. Salm
Cured Me.
For years I have been suffering with catarrh
and ear trouble, and was miserable indeed. I
thought sometimes I would lose my mind on ac-
count of the fearful noises in my head, and then
my hearing was leaving me rapidly, and there
was'ent an organ about me rhat was'ent out of
shape. But to-day, thanks to Dr. Salm, all those
fearful noises have left me. Can hear well, no
more catarrh, and feel as well as any one of my
age could expect.
June 12th, ’96.
Shanksville, Somerset Co., Pa.
Mrs. Emma Brant,
Four of the Best Doctors in the County Said
She was Ineurable, but Dr. Salm Made a
Healthy Woman of Her.
For over five years I have been suffering with
heart tronble and a bad case of dropsy. We went
to four of the best doctors in the county for relief
but all of them said a cure was impossible. At
times I felt so bad that I was certain I had to die.
I fainted away very often, and my friends told me
afterwards that every moment would be my last.
And I hereby affirm that had it not been for the
splendid ‘treatment received from Dr. Salm, who
has entirely cured me of that great trouble, I
would have been under the sod long ago.
- Sadie I. Ross,
Attpsted by her husband, Henry R. Ross,
Leechburg, Armstrong Co., Pa.
B Dr. Salm Worked Another Miracle.
For more than 8 years I have been suffering un-
told agonies, ‘with stomach and general trouble.
I became thin and pale, too weak to work, and
hardly able to drag myself around. I looked so
badly, that my neighbors, friends and relatives
thought I had consumption, and wouldn't last
much longer. During those 8 years about 10. or
12 of our best doctors treated me, but I became
worse and worse, until I went to Dr. Salm, and I
can not eat more in a day, than 1 have heretofore
in a week, can attend to my daily labors, look
finely, have no more pains, and I potusily think I
am well, People around here think Dr. Salm
worked another miracle, and I am thankful to
him, for he has saved me from an early grave.
June 12th, "06. Mrs. Hannah Mosholder,
Listy, Somerset Co., Pa.
Address all communications to hox TG,
Columbus, O.
Ain.
OUR ADVERTISEMENT WILL APPEAR TWICE
BEFORE EACH VISIT.
40-7
signature,
abd lB
cr ia
SL RAI ps 397
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