The Double Ruin Wrought by Fires—The
o
: deposited.
Bellefonte, Pa., March 20, 1886.
Farm and Forest.
Mountains that are Being Carried Down to
the Ocean.
Arbor Day in this State will be
April 10th or 24th according to the
locality. In Southern and Eastern
Pennsylvania and in the valleys the
early date will probably. be selected.
In the cities and towns and villages
the authorities will probably see to the
observance, but on the farms it must
remain for the owners. 2
On some farms trees are regularly
planted every autumn to commemorate
some event of the year or in honor of
some guest or to betoken some great
good or some special reason for thank-
tulnees, or maybe to stand as the
memorial of sorrow or a parting. In
the rural districts of Germany, says
Forest Leaves, they bave a habit of
planting a tree for each member of the
family at Whitsuntide, and at early
dawn ob this day their singing societies
from the topof the nearest hill or
mountain hail the rising sua with
songs of praise for the glory of its
warmth and blessing to Ceres and
Flora. The Aztecs used to plant a
tree for every child that was born,
naming it for the child.
Dr. J. T. Rothrock, as Sate For-
estry Commissioner, sends this remind-
er to the farmer readers of the Phila.
delphia Ledger of the value of forests
as producers of fertility : ;
© “It may safely be assumed that
every particle of fertility on a hiliside,
or even on a flat, with a moderate io-
clinglon, is on its way to a lower level,
aod ultimately to the ocean. The
mere fact that this transfer is slow and
involves an immenee reach of years
does not alter its important relations.
Of course, the tendency is for the time
broken when’ any portion of this
humus, or this fertility, becomes a part
of a plant structure. Ultimately it be-
gins its descent again. Every one of
the numerous deltas to the broad river
mouths of the globe isa witness at
once to the enormous quantity of ma:
terial brought down and the vast
plant-producing capacity of the soil so
“This transfer of material from
higher to lower levels is much more
rapid in open than in woodedfgrounds.
For example, I saw the Aughwick
creek a few days ago when its current
was swollen and muddy. This mud
diness measured the quantity of soil
the stream was taking out of the coun-
try. Most of it came from the steeper
hillsides, which were under cultivation.
At the same time I could easily see
fresb gulches in the fields and fresh
deposits where the level of a road had
arrested the goil in its downward
flight.
“Streams which came directly out
the mountaine were almost wholl
clear, while the Aughwick was in
“This lesson was so plain that no
one could fail to understand it.
“There was, however, an aspect of
the problem which was not so evident.
That was, that as the process of de-
struction and impoverishment of soils
begins on the steeper hillsides, so also,
under normal conditions, the process
of repair should commence there. As
a rule, our high grounds aod steepest
slopes are seldom now remunerative
in agriculture... Not only do they
yield scanty crope, but their fertility
becomes exhausted eoouer, and the
process of restoration is very costly.
“The natural function of such places
is to produce timber. It isin these
that the restorative agency of the forest
manifests itself. The action of the
roots tends to break down and com-
minute the rock, and so also the small-
“er rootlets reduce the pebbles in size.
The decaying leaves furnish carbon di-
oxide, which is soluble in water, and
hence is carried down along the roots
to their pointe of contact with rock or
pebble, where these are reduced to that
state which we recognize as a soil.
Here then is a constant source of sup-
ply of new soil to take the place of that
i fd is carried off. Under Jnatural
' conditions waste does not so greatly
exceed the repair as under cultivation,
but still it is going on.
“This points another moral, When
land is cleared of its trees there is, or
may be, a justification for tbat if they
were mature and served to support an
industry eo important to the country
as the lumbering business has been;
but when fires are allowed year after
‘year to sweep over the same area, not
the slightest excnee can be offered for
this. The processes of restoration of
soil and making of fertility are vot on:
ns ‘y checked by burning up the decaying
vegetable matter which was ready to
add to the wealth of the fields on the
* lower grounds, but it is almost wholly
destroyed, because the repeated burn-
. ingd at last will kill the trees, root and
branch.
“The natural tendency of a hilly re-
gion, over which the tree life has been
destroyed, is toward a desert condition.
The elements, unaided, often seem un-
equal to the task of producing soil and
fertility as fast as required or washed
away. Large grassy areas usually are
nearly level. Henne, a fortunate cir-
cumstauce or favorable seasons may
give a chance for a feeble growth of,
graee to start, and this flourishing and
ecaying may eventually produce a
sod capable of retaining the elements
of fertility. oi
- ®It ie, however, quite within the lim-
its of trath to assert that, for our own
State, the creation of forests on our
treeless highlands promises more in
the way of soil restoratian and preserv-
ation thao any other measure we can
command.
“uxt would be an interesting journey,
either of our chief streams and follow
it from its origin downward to the
ocean, studying as he went the deposits
of sand, gravel and sedimentary humus
he might encounter. No mere passing.
‘observer ever gains any adequate idea
of the vast volume of eoil which is thus
in constant motion from the highlands
to the lowlands. It is true that the
genera] process of wearing away is
more rapid than the restoration, and
that our higher river channels, with
fast flowing water, are tending to lower.
their beds, except where an eddy or
other halt in the current allows the
sediment to fall. But once tidewater
is reached, this tendency is to a greater
extent checked, or at least reduced.
The more the cleared areas prepon-
derate over the woodlands the greater
will this wearing away be. The more
the woodlands preponderate the more
nearly even will be the waste and re-
pair of the sarface of the country.”
‘At the meeting of the Bucks county
National Science Association, of Doy-
lestown, Saturday, Dr. Rothrock,
speaking of the unreasonable and ex-
orbitant tax upon timbered lands of
the State, said : “Every hour a tree
stands it is a citizen, earning its living;
holding water for the Commonwealth
and protecting the land. Whether on
the hillside, in a forest or alone in the
woodlot, it is earning its living. Any
tax that compels the cutting [off of
timber is working a harm to the Com-
monwealth, - If taxed at all it should
be in a class by itself. Tn this State
are fully 4000 equare miles of land so
steep that it is being rapidly washed
away. All of that land is paying no-
thing now and rhould be put into
trees. Every farm ‘has some swampy
land that can be put to no use, or
some barn or outbuilding that needs a
shelier ; not a farm is there but that
will be better for more trees.
“What shall we pliant? I would
banish every foreign tree, except for
street shade, poesibly, the Oriental
plane. Foreiga trees grow more rap-
idly at first, possibly, but our native
trees-are longer lived. On unproduec-
tive land, too poor for cultivating, I
would plant white pine, and as thick
as they could stand. If planted close
enough they will . grow tall and
straight. Never in the world will this
country see a surplus of white pine.
To do this, break up the ground in the
best manner possible and sew the pine
seed with oats.
“The oats will give what the pine
sprouts need, shade from the sun,
Tide them over with a crop or two and
they will probably be able to shift for
themselves. Or, in easily worked
places, the seeds could be put in with
a drill and covered with lath screens
until five or six inches high, when
they could be set out. To do this take
up your seedling, shade it from the sun-
shine with a stick, make & hole 'n the
ground, drop into it the seedling, a
very little deeper than it had been,
and firm the soil around it.
“The white pine seed is located un-
der the scales of the cone. The first
year and while the cone is green the
seed is immature, requiring two years
to be perfected. To get at the seed
put the perfected coues in a paper bag
in a place near heat to dry. Shake
the bag occasionally, and the seed will
drop from the scales. Or, the seed can
be purchased of any reputal le firm.”
“Walnuts must be plauted where
the trees are to stand. It is difficult to
transplant, owing to its taproot. To
remove it, cut through this tap root
and leave the tree in its place until it
has developed lateral roots, when it
can be safely removed, but it will
never be the tree it would have been
it allowed to stand with its tap root
intact.”
Rev. J. H. Ward, of Boston, said at
the meeting of the American Forestry
Association that the law everywhere
should be not to cut ‘at less than 12
inches to the stump. In Europe 80
per cent. of a tree is put to use,
whereas we use less than 40 per. cent.
Professor F. W. Morse, of the New
Hampshire Station, saye maple trees
with many branches and.in the open,
80 as to have fullest exposure to the
sun's rays, yield the richest sap ; those
in a thick grove the poorest. The
amount of sugar in the sap does not
depend upon the variety of the maple,
as the oft mapies have as high per-
centages and as low as the rock maples.
The sap is poorer toward the close of
the season than at the .beginuing.
Analysis showed no very marked nor
constant variation in the composition
uf the eap from different sides of a
tree.
—
Golng to South Africa.
During the last year or two there
bas been someiling OF a migration of
miners from the ‘Western States to
South Africa, and advertisements of
rates and routes to South Africa are
‘printed in most of the mining papers.
he movement seems to have extend-
ed to others than the miners, and! may |.
indicate that'the emigrants have not
fared badly. A man’ advertises in a
recent issue of a Deadwood paper that
be will sell at a bargain hie saloons in
Deadwood aud in Leadville as he in-
tends going to South Africa. * Whether
he expects to make money oit of the
mines or the miners he doesn’t state.
4 Boy's Horrible Death.
He Succumbed to Hydrophobia After days of |
Suffering.
Hazigron, March 14.—Bernard
McDeer, aged 8 years, died at bis
home in Jeddo, after several days
torture, from hydrophobia. The lad
‘was bitten three weeks ago by a rabid
dog that ran through the town, snap-
pine | fifteen other canines before it was
illed.
The wound was cauterized and
bealed up. Nothing further was
thought of it until last Tuesday, when
the boy manifested signs of hydro-
with an interesting object in view, if
ong were to begin at the headwaters of
phobia.
America Must Do Her Share.
Appalliog and ferrible as were the
Armenian massacres in Turkey, the
only two countries which have raised
mouey for the sufferers from the fiend-
ish crime were England and the
Ubnited States. Europe looked on,
consenting to the deep damnation of
the massacres, and when they were
over did nothing for the sufferers.
The only two connties with enough
Christianity and civilization to aid the
sufferers were the two great English
speaking nations of the world. In the
van in all else, the are equally to the
fore when mercy calls, The New York
Independent in an article on the snb-
ject, estimates that $175,000 has been
raised in this country and $100,000 ia
England. ‘
There is subject for just national
pride in these figures. We are ‘not
responsible. = No broken treaties, vo
disregarded pledges, no violated con-
fidence stains our path. We have not
promised protection and left the weak
unprotected. We have not pledged re- |
forms and done nothing when mis-
government sank into massacre. But
when there was need and the cry of
the wounded, the helpless and the
starving rose to heaven, this Christian
nation leads the way in beneficent
mercy.
The work is but just beguu. A
great population has been left naked,
houseless, foodless. Money is needed
for seed wheat in the Spring, to carry
tens of tHousands until food begins to
come from the fields, to clothe those
who have lost all. Europe is callous,
apathetic, indifferent: The United
States, youngest of lands is, in the face
of this great suffering, the one source
of mercy and aid. Both should flow
freely. Two cents a day keeps a
human; being alive in Armenia, and
the money given the Citizens’ Perma.
nent Relief Committee reaches the suf-
fering by cable in two or three daye:—
Phila. Press.
——*'*This new light they Lave dis-
covered that enables one to take a photo-
graph of a man’s bones without skin-
ning him will be a terrible factor in the
wars of the future,” said Wilkips.
“Take a bearer of a message, for in-
stance , he is caplured, and, after the
old-fashioned method, swallows the
paper ; out . comes the photographer,
takes his internal picture, reproduces
the swallowed message, and there’s all |
the poor messenger’s devotion gone for
nothing.” :
A —
—A woman shoemaker is one of
the novelties in Williamsburg, N. Y.
She is an elderly dame, and she works
in a shop with her elderly husband, not
far from the ferry-house. Both are
Italians and they arrived from their
native country about a month sgo.
Business with them is said by the weigh-
bors to be very good, and the woman's
work is skillfully done.
——A cave alleged to rival the great
Mammoth cave kas been discovered in
Edmonson county, Ky., the same in
which the latter is situated. It is
alleged that more than 60 miles of sub-
terranean avenues have been explored.
——Five hundred land agents are
said to have gone from the South to the
Northwest to induce the farmers of the
latter section to remove to the former.
——Evaporated potatoes prepared in
the same manner as evaporated apples
are to be put on the market from Min-
nesota next fall. ‘
——Russia already ranks sixth among
the wine producing countries, and will
probably soon surpass Germany in this
respect. :
tA ——————
——A street waterer in Calcutta, who
sprinkles the streets from a water skin
WoMman’s RigaTs.—In a recently
published medical work, the author as-
serts that nine-tenths of the women of
America are subject to uterine and
kindred diseases and in consequence,
maternity becomes to them a dreaded
burden. How very small is the propor-
tion, of ladies who reach middle age
wearing the bright glow of health
whi was “their maidenly attraction
and J which they have been robbed by
functional disorders and nervous weak-
ness! We take pleasure in recommend-
ing to all thus afflicted the use of Dr.
Pierce’s Favorite Prescription, a tried
remedy, safe and sore in all cases. Its
discoverer merits the gratitude of the
sex for the blessing he has conferred up-
on them. For nursing mothers and all
debilitated “run-down’’ women, itis the
most certain restorative. To those
about to become mothers it is a price-
less boon. It lessens the pains and
perils of child-birth, shortens labor, pro-
motes the secretion of an abundance of
nourishment for the child and shortens
the period of confinement. .
EEE
——The Orange Judd Farmer places
the value of farm animals in the United
States at $1,864,420,000, or $62,139,000
less than in 1894. The heavy decline
has been principally in horses and
mules. This is because of the introduc-
tion of bicycles, and the enormous -ex-
tension of the electric propulsion of
street cars, thus disusing borses to such
an extent that their price has fallen to
the lowest point ever known. Both the
electric street railway ‘and the bicycle
have come to stay, and there is no pros-
pect of an increase in the price of
horses, unless the supply shall be re-
duced by the failure-of the farmers to
raise them. 4
a EAS TRSASant,.
Had Seen a New Light.
Tramp—Yes'm it’s hard to break
away from all yer bad habits at once ;
but I've given up some of them.
Lady—Which one have you given
up ? :
Tramp—Well, mum, I do 't get
shaved on Sunday any more.
—— Pure, rich blood is the true cure
for nervousness, and Hood’s Sarsaparilla
is the One True Blood Purifier and
nerve tonic.
All on the Same Line,
She—Why does a womsn take a
man’s name when she marries him ?
He—Why does she take everything
else he's got ?
M UST USE THE KNIFE.
0
: Ba ee
SAID THE SURGEON, BUT DR. DAVID
KENNEDY'S FAVORITE REMEDY WAS
TAKEN AND THE KNIFE AVOIDED.
The Union and Advertiser of Rochester, N.
Y., recently published the following interest
ing account of how William W. Adams, of 127
South avenue. that eity was saved fro a pain-
fuloperation by the use of Dr. David Ken-
nedy’s Favorite Remedy. !
Mr. Adams said: “Three years ago was
taken with kidney disease very badly; at
times I was completely prostrated; in fact,
was 80 bad that the day was set for the doctors
to perform an operation upon me. But] de-
cided I would not submit. I had been putin |
hot water baths, and, in fact, nearly every
means was tried to help me. Upon the day
set for the operation I commenced the use of |:
Dr. Ke nnedy’s Favorite Remedy, and from
that moment began to gain, and’ it was not
long before I was entirely cured and have had
no return of the trouble since. My weight
has increased and I never was so well as I am
now. I have recommended
DR. DAVID KENNEDY'S
FAVORITE REMEDY
to many people, for it saved my life.”
In speaking to Mras.-Adams, she said “About
a year ago Iwas in a very feeble state of
health, being completely run down, I had
doctored considerably, but without permanent
relief. One day one of my neighbors advised
me to take Dr. David Kennedy's Favorite
Remedy, which I did. My trouble was dys-
pepsia, and for a long while I was unable to be
about at all; but after taking a few doses I was
completely cured, and now enjoy good health.”
Hundreds of men and women with that
“run down” condition, unable to work, have
recovered health and strength through this
remarkable remedy. It purifies the blood,
stirs the liver and kidneys to a healthy action.
In cases of rheumatism, kidney, liver and
urinary troubles, it is a well-known specific.
41-10 1m
ES ATRIA
Cottolene.
BAKE A BATCH OF BISCUITS.
Sift one quart of flour, two rounding teaspoonfuls of baking powder, and one teaspoonfal
of salt info a bowl; add three teaspoonfuls of COTTOL.ENE and rub together until thorough.
ly mixed ; then add sufficient milk to make a soft dough; knead slightly, roll out about
half an inch thick, and cut with a small biscuit cutter. Place a little apart in a greased pan,
and bake in a quick oven for fifteen minutes. These biscuits should be a delicate brown top
and bottom, light on the sides, and snowy white when broken open.
The secret of success in this recipe, as in others, is to use but two-thirds as much Cotto-
ene as yoa used touse of lard. Cottolene will make the biscuit light, delicious, wholesome
Better than any biscuit you ever made be‘ore.
Try it. Be sure and get genuine COTTO--
LENE. Sold everywherein tins with trade-marks—*“Cottolene” and steers head in cotton-
plant wreath—on every tin.
THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY, CHICAGO and 132 N. Delaware Ave., Philadelphia.
40 36
Seeds.
Seeds.
S EEDS
—OF =
KNOWN VITALITY
AND PURITY. 80 contains a de
HOLMES
. &
MacKUBBIN tifu
Second & Chestnut Sts.
semblance of the flag of freedom.
iions for $1 posipaid. A
Associations and
NEW SEED GUIDE FOR 1896
SENT FREE TO ALL APPLICANTS. A valuable book on
vegetable growing which tells how and when to plant, also gives
directions for enlture durin
gives lowest prices. for all
rtment of T
Poultry, fully illustrated. Write > it to
Stars and Stripes Collection of
contains ten papers of choice flower seeds, each of which will pro-
the growth of crops. cribes and
table, Flower and Farm Seeds, al-
oroughbred Live Stock and Fancy
“OLD GLORY” or
lowers. This grand collection
duce flowers that are either in the shape of stars, or beautifally
triped or fringed. and will make your garden a bright and beau.
8 pe go BArd B!
25¢. each or & -
largo bunting American Flag FREE to
club raisers. Circular giving fall in-
a on his shoulders, gets six cents HARRISBURG, PA. formation free, HOLMES & MaoKUBBEN, Seedsmen, . E. cor
a ey 1 9» 2 . - *
EE ————— ——— :
: Sechler & Co. Sechler & Co. Sechler & Co.
SECHLER & ‘CO’S OPEN LETTER.
Bellefonte, Pa., Jan. 1st, 1896. ;
‘As the Holiday Season is now over we wish to remind our friends and HR
the public, generally, that we are well prepared to supply all demands in our line. os
Almost all kifids of goods are now so low in price that a good American Din-
ner is within the reach of all. : :
While giving careful attention to securing a fine stock 3 fruits and luxuries we
have not overlooked the every day substantials.
‘We have Pillsbury’s ‘‘best’”” Minnesota Flour and the leading brands of home
manufacture. Bradford Co., pure Buckwheat Flour, new kiln dried Corn Meal, extra“
fine sugar cured Hams, breakfast Bacon and dried Beef, white, fat, new Mackeral, rich
mild Cream Cheese, genuine
and creamery Butter.
Maple Syrup, pure-sugar table Syrups, fine roll dairy"
We have just received a lot of bright clean New York state Beans that we are sell
ing at the low price of five cents per quart. The entire Iot of twenty-two bushels will
at the same price.
They are fine.
go at that price (no advance) but we can hardly get any more as good as these to sell
Don’t miss them,
One of the most satisfactory lots of goods we have to offer is our own Mince
‘Meat. Eo
ounce of material in it is sound, clean and of the finest quality, nothing
equal to it has ever been obtainable. Price, ten cents per pound. ie os
It has been almost impossible to get $atisfactory Oranges this season, bit we have
secured some fine Floridas, also some Mexican fruit that is equally as fine as the Flori-
das and quite reasonable in price.
Our stock of Cranberries, (at 1octs per quart,)
white Almeria Grapes, New York Catawbas, (2 baskets for z25cts), Lemons, - Bananas,
and Sweet Potatoes have received careful attention. Also Raisins, Prunes, Citron,
Figs, cleaned Currants, California evaporated fruits, fine mixed table Nuts at 15cts and
2octs per pound, soft shell Almonds zocts per pound, finest Princess paper shells at
25cts per pound, finest Java, Mocha and Rio Coffees, Extracts, Sauces, Pickles, Capers,
’ Mushrooms, Truffles, Etc., but we cannot enumerate further.
We keep a large and well selected stock. It will pay any house-keeper to visit
our store once a week. The first principle of economy is not alone in saving, but in
making a good investment.
ry
38-1
. Trusting you will act on the suggestion.
We remain yours very respectfully,
SECHLER & CO.
New Advertisements,
2 POPULAR MAGAZINES
FOR THE HOME. .
FRANK LESLIE'S
Ck
pr] F081
Contains each Montkh ; Original Wa-
ter Color Frontispiece; 158 Quarto
Pages of Reading Matter ; 100 New and *
High-class Illustrations: More Liter-
Matter aad, Itlustrations than any
other Magazine in America.
25cts.; 83 a Year,
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FRANK LESLIE'S
——PLEASANT HOURS —
FOR BOYS AND GIRLS.
A Bright, Wholesome, Juvenile
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SEND ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS TO
FRANK LESLIE'S :
Publishing House, N. Y.
New Illustrated Premium List, Free. 41-4-2m
oryIssioy ERS SALE OF UN-
girhor oF STeD, LARD Cla Prue
of Assembly ed on the /
March, 1824, the Tm isionars of 5, e
county will sell at public sale at the court
house, in the borough of Bellefonte on
TUESDAY, MARCH 24th, 1896.
the following described tracts of unseated
Jand purchased by the county of Centre at
Treasurer's sale and which have remained un-
redeemed for the space of five years and up
wards. 5 - 3
ACRES. FER. WARRANTEE.
88825 R3SEEEEY
a m Sarab....
Brady, John...
Green, Joseph....
>
—
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154
838
eserensee
153
esecsasny
seeeensan
- Thoma
165... Wiliams
FRA | OWE ov anavsirss susasnce
~ GEO. L. GOODHART.
T. ¥'. ADAMS. Coma.
JAB. B. STROHM.
R. F. HUNTER, Clerk.
41.8-4¢
EE ——
Fine Job Printing.
FE JOB PRINTING
o0———A BPECIALTY——0
AT THE :
WATCHMAN o OFFICE,
rong
There is no lo of work, from the cheapes’
Dodger” to De nen: ? Po
o—-BOOK-WORK,—o
but you can get done in pe most satisfactory
manner,
Prices consistent with the class of work
by calling'or communieating with this office
hess sabi los 4.4 "Set
EER se Te SER EL
5
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eles Age Shek
omy
A