Terms 82.00 A Year,in Advance P. GRAY MEEK, - iii No Protection for ‘the Poor Man's Cow.” Whea the fence law of 1700 was re- pealed by the Legislature in 1889, we contended that it was an injury to peo- ple of limited means who owned a few head of cattieand pastured them on the highway or in the unenclosea woods which are of such wide extent and of so little value for any other pur- pose in this region. That act provided that if fields or woods were not enclos- ed by such a fence as was therein prescribed, cattle going upon such un- euclosed or insufficiently enclosed pro- perty were not trespassing, and that their owners could not be held for damages on account of. such intrusion, and further that if they-were injured by the owners of such property on ac- count of such intrusion their owners could recover damages for such in- jury. This protection to the interests of the poorer class of people owning cattle and depending upon chance pasturage, continued from the year 1700 to the year 1889, when the Legislature repeal- ed the act of 1700 by passing a law which makes the poor man’s cow a trespasser whether the land upon which it enters is enclosed by a fence or lays as open as a common, and it makes its owner liable for damage, and the animal may be killed or injured without his having any right to re- dress. . At the time this act of 1889 was passed repealing the fence law of 1700, we spoke of the hardship and injury it would inflict upon the persons in poor circumstances and the small tenant farmers who had a few cattle that picked their living by the wayside or inthe woods. The loss to them would be particularly felt in the wood- ed localities of this region where unen- closed tracts afford abundant pasturage for cattle and have always been of great advantage to cattle owners of limited means. When the act of 1889 made the own- ers of cattle responsible for damages, considerable feeling was excited in this region among the class of people affected thereby, inasmuch as it shut off their stock from an accus- tomed source of subsistence. This feel- ing, however, was allayed by the dis- covery, as was supposed, that while the act of 1889 repealed the fence law of 1700 which had favored the poor man’s cow generally through the State, it did not repeal the act of 1784 which was passed specially for the counties of Bedford, Northum- berland, Washington, Westmoreland and Fayette. It was held that this special law still remained intact and held good for Centre county on ac- count of its having been formed out of part of Northumberland county. But it now appears that this special ct of 1784 is no longerin force. Judge Kress, of Clearfield county, says that the Supreme Court has decided that it was repealed by the act of the 11th of April,1862,and has not been in force since that time. Therefore the effect of the fence law of 1889, all over the State, without any exceptional local ties, Judge KRrEBs says, is that “the “owners of all horses, cattle, swine, ‘ or other domestic animals must now ‘ fence them in; or if he permits them “to run ac large and they trespass up- ‘on the land of another and damage “the owner thereof, he or she is liable * to be sued for the damage thus done, “and itis no longer a defence in such ‘action to show that the owner of the damaged property had bad fences or “ had no fence at all.”. This settles the question. When the act of 1889 was passed we said that it would destroy the benefit which the poor man and the small tenant farmer derived from the pasturage by the wayside and in the woods, a benefit of much importance to many worthy people in this region—none the less worthy because they are poor. But those who upheld the action of the Legislature in this matter represented that it did not affect this region, as the at of 1784 was not repealed thereby, Tis deception is clearly dispelled by Judge Kress's declaration that the Supreme Court has decided that the special provisions of that act were re- pealed as far back as 1862. The poor man’s cow and the little herd of the tenant farmer can no longer subsist up- on the herbage growing along the roads and in the woods without the danger of subjecting their owner to an action for damages. RII APE. . The Senatorial Apportionment Bill introduced in the Senate on Wed- nesday by Mr. Meek, of this District, is pronounced to be a very fair one, and should give satisfaction to both ! parties. The Tax Bill. We call attention to an article in an- other column in regard to the tax legis- lation now pending in the L-gislature. The necessity for a more just and equal system of taxation in this State which it urges cannot be questioned, and if the bill now under consideration shall equitably and fairly distribute the tax burden among all classes of our citizens capable of bearing their just share, it will be a consummation greatly bene- ficial to the general interests of the State and promotive of the welfare and contentment of ite people. The bill as originally reported has been subjected to severe criticism, much of which no doubt has come from misconception, and many of the objections may be removed by amendments that are likely to be made. The bill is the result of a compromise between the representatives of the County Commissioners’ association and the State Grange, and its purpose is to make the tax on real estate and other forms of property more equal, for state, county and township parposes, and to subject to taxation property that is now entirely exempt. While the main object is honestly conceived, the bill as it stands is by no means perfect; but there having been so long a desire for a tax system that will be more equal and impartial in its burdens than the one provided by the present law, it is to be hoped that the measure now before the Legislature will come as near as possible to an equalization of taxation, and if this object is fairly em- bodied in the bill, without any ulterior purpose of favoritism, we doubt not that it will receive the support of the Democratic members. e———— The wires are being quietly laid by the office-holders for the renomina- tion of President Harrison, a move- ment that receives the heartiest en- couragement from that individual. The National League of Republican Clubs, which is largely under office holding influence, has earnestly taken hold of this work and is capable of doing much in the way of electing delegates that will be for Harrison. But to the majority of the party Harrison is not acceptable, BLAINE evidently being preferred as the Presidential candidate. Considering the power of administra- tion machinery, HarRRIsON has the best chance of being nominated. mr er—— Last week a remarkable event occurred in the far south sea in the formation of an Australian confed. eracy. The representatives of the de. ferent colomal governments of Austra- lia met at Siduey and united the whole island continent 1n one confederation to be called the Commonweaith of Aus- tralia, imitating the union of the Amer- ican States and adopting a constitution similar to the American constitution. The new commonwealth will be more independent of the British government than Canada is, the only tie that shall bind it to England being a governor appointed by the Edglish sovereign. Thus peacefully was established what in time will be one of the great na- tions of the earth. ——BLAINE certainly has reason to be mad. He invited Canadian dele- gates to come down to Washington and between them they would do a lit- tle reciprocity business. Bat Bexia- MIN heard of Jiv's arrangement, and, as he was about starting for the West on a political trip, and didn’t want any reciorocity scheme concocted without having a hand in it, the arrangement had to bedeclared off and the Canadians returned home with nothing to show for the expense and trouble of their journey. Itisn’t unreasonable to believe that BLaiNe will be doing some suppressed swearing in the privacy of the State Department while HARRISON is “swinging around the circle’ receiv- ing the plaudits of the office-holders. ——— —The Sligo election in Ireland last week was another test of Pag- NELL'S strength, and like that at Tip. perary some months ago, resulted in another crushing defeat of the leader whose misbehavior has ruined his re- putation and destroyed his influence. The contest was a hot one in which blackguardism and bludgeons play- ed the leading part. It 1s evident that PARNELL has become obnoxious to the Irish people, and he should have decency enough to desist from trying to keep himself at the head of the nation- al movement, ————————————c— ——Mr. CARTER, ex-Representative from Montana and ex-Secretary of the Republican Congressional Committee, knows how to speak the right word at the right tme. A week or two ago he was in New York and told a reporter, with confidence that he would print it, that he thought HARRISON would be nominated by acclamation. A few days thereafter the President appoint- ed him Commissioner of the General " Land office. — Advancing Enlightenment. Governor Hiv wrote a letter to a meeting in New York last week in which he declared that he was not a free trader. In this he was in accord with Democratic protession and policy. The Democratic party does not favor free trade, but it is earnestly desirous of reforming a defective tariff system by reducing oppressive duties. It has been a part of the deceptive tactics of the Republicans to represent this as being free trade, a falsehood that is re- sorted to for political effect. Grover CLEVELAND is the great apostle of tariff reform. He was the first American statesman who in an important public document deliberately and circumstantially pointed out the evils and injuries of excessive tariff tax- ation and recommended the reduction of exorbitant duties. But he by no means advised their abolishment, which would be free trade. He show- ed how under a tariff unnecessarily high trusts were brought into existence and the people were being oppressed instead of being protected. The reme- dy would naturally be the reduction of such a tariff. This was dishonestly construed by his enemies as meaning free trade. On this subject, however, there is more enlightenment than there was when CLEVELAND issued his tariff reform message. Enlightenment dispels the impression which falsehood has temporarily produced. — The Italian Flurry. The flurry over the Italian difficulty has subsided,it being apparent that the disposition of Italy was not as hostile as the incident of her Minister's with- drawal indicated. Notwithstanding its diplomatic importunity, the Italian gavernment is convinced by this time that the American government can not proceed any faster than it has proceed- ed ina matter with which one of the State governments is connected, and that it damages are due it will require some time to ascertain the facts, It is evident that the Italians tried to play a game of bluff, and that for its success they depended upon the strength of their navy as compared with the naval weakness of the United State; but not- withstanding this advantage they have no inclination to go to war with a na- tion whose vast resources would over- come in the end the disadyantage it would suffer in the beginning of the contest. S——————————— The Judicial Apportionment. The Judicial Apportionment Bill read in place in the Senate on Tuesday by Mr. WILLIAMSON, proposes to divide the State into Fifty-oue judicial dis- tricts. By it some of the districts are diminished in territorial extent, while others are enlarged,with an increase in the number of their judges. It makes Centre a separate district, number For- ty-nine, with one President Judge, this of course dispensing with the Asso- ciates, who would drop off as their terms expired. Judge RiLEY may be the last Associate Judge in this county. Clinton and Elk are put together, with one Judge; Northumberland and Un- ion together, with two Judges. We give these as samples of the changes it would make. The people are to a con- siderable extent interested in the com- position of judicial districts, but it is chiefly interesting to lawyers who are judicially ambitious. ——=See how business is booming for ‘the workingmen under McKiNLEY's tariff! It fairly makes them dizzy to look at the impetus that has been giy- en their industry. There is the Shel don Axle Works, at Wilkesbarre, which has reduced the work of its 900 employes ten hours a week, lack of or- ders being the reason. There are the Reading Iron Company's employes striking because they won’t accept the reduced wages offered them ; and then there are the puddlers of the Pottstown Iron Company, notified that a reduc- tion of 25 cents a ton must be made on their wages. Who says that Major McKINLEY hasn’t made things hum ? 5 mC ———— ——When Mr. Ross in the Senate the other day moved an amendment that would add the Attorney General as one of the auditors provided by the bill directing the settlement of Govern. or Beavers accounts in the expendi. ture of the State money for the reliet of Johnstown, the Republicans acted” in- judiciouslv in opposing and defeating the amendment. We have no doubt that the Governor honestly and con- scientiously dispensed the State's char- ity in that calamitous instance, but the Republicans acted of if there was some- thing which they wanted to conceal, ——— ——The Bill introduced by the rep- resentative from this Senatorial dis- trict, as an amendment to the Brooks law, providing for the granting of li. quor license upon the basis of popula- tion, passed the Senate finally on Tues- ' day. If municipal anything, the Democrats have no rea- son to be discouraged with those which | within the past week have come off in Illinois and Ohio. In Chicago two | Democratic candidates for Mayor were | running, and yet, according to latest | reports, the regular Democratic candi- date, CREGIER, has been elected by a ( small majority, If there had been no | division the usual Democratic majority would have been rolled up. Cincinnati and Cleveland were carried by the Re- publicans,but not to an extent that can | be encouraging to the m, while in Col- umbus the Democrats gained a sweep- ing victory,obtaining control of the en- tire city government for the first time in fifteen years. —— | Lively descriptions are given in the papers of the activity that prevail- ed in the cities on the Ist inst. among the sugar men in shipping cheap sugar to all parts of the country. The duty had been taken off and ev- ery body was being supplied with the sweet stuff at a reduced price. The tariff on it having been removed, the cople were being allowed to have the benefit of its removal. Whoever says that the tariff isn’t a tax hit him over the head with a sack of sugar. At the State election last week the Democrats again carried Rhode Island, gaining a plurality of the votes for their candidate for Governor; but as there is a clog in the State counstitu- tion requiring a majority over all, the State Legislature will give the office to the Republican candidate who wasn’t elected by the people, The Revenue Bill. Erie Morning Dispatch. Within the past few days there has be- gun a most vicious, unfair, unwarranted clamor against the so-cailed Grangers’ tax bill, or revenue measure, now pend- ing in the Senate at Harrisburg. The bill has passed the House by a decisive majority and as the Legislature is not in session this week the recess is an op- portane time for study and reflection upon the measure. Ifitis a bad bill it should be defeated ; if a goed measure it ought to be enacted. Having the sanction of a large majori- ty in the Assembly, the presumption arises that the measure is in the main a good one, and the burden of proof is up- on those who assert the contrary. Thus far attacks upon the bill have been too vague and general in their character to command serious attention. It is true that the state has been flooded with posters and handbills, setting forth in part some features of the measure and condemning in unmeasured terms those portions thus reterred to. But after a careful and unprejudiced review of the entire act as it passed the House, the Dispatch is bound to say that the bill as a whole is fair, that the object it seeks to attain is a worthy one, that the in- justice it will correct is admittedly grave and that its provisions are not so inimi- cal to the people’s Interests as its ene- mies would teach the public to be- lieve. It should be understood, at the start, that this is a measure “to provide rev- enue for local purposes, by the taxation of real estate, personal and corporate property.” It does not interfere with the levy and collection of taxes for state pur- poses, but aims to relieve the burden of local taxation, which is confessedly too heavy upon real estate. The peope are clamoring for the equalization of taxation. Nobody claims that our present tax laws are just or equal. Real estate now bears an unjustly large portion of the cost of maintaining schools, courts, jails, hospitals, city and township governments, ete. The only way to equalize this burden is to extend the taxing power to other forms of pro- perty. And if, therefore, personal pro- perty is made to bear a small share of local expenses,as no one doubtsit should, the law must be so framed as to make a fair and full return of taxable pro- perty. Tax-payers are generally honest, but a tax law which fails to secure a full re- turn from dishonest tax-payers-s unjust to the honest portion. A law which com - pels an honest return of taxable property must be somewhat inquisitorial, as are all tax laws, more or less. The proposed law is no more inquisiterial than the present law. The clamor against it is raised by those whose taxation it in- creases. That is selfish, although natu- ral. Man is a selfish animal at best, and would much rather have his neighbors pay the expenses of government than to assist with his own money. Take the railroads, for instance. The proposed law imposes a tax of four mills, to be paid directly to the several coun- ties, upon the average value of each railroad, telephone, telegraph and other transportation or transmission company, apportioned per mile upon the line, buildings, lands, rolling stock ete., in each county. Such a tax would reduce the county levy in Erie county by at least one half, probably more, and this lightening of that burden would be felt by every property-owner, whether farm- er, mechanic or millionaire. It would be especially welcome to owners of small properties, whether in city or country, who find it hard work to support their familes, pay their taxes and hold their little homes clear from incumbrance. The school revenues are proposed to be helped out by a two-mill tax on mort- gages, bonds and other interest-bearing securities, and by a ten-miil tax (less the state tax) upon the gross earning of all private bankers and uncorporated banks and savings institutions. The bankers vision, of course ; but the hard work- ing mechanics and laborers, the toiling farmers and small property owners of every class will be glad of a law which provides new sources of ravenus for school support, and thus lightens the burden of taxation for that purpose. Tangible personal property of every description is made taxable at the same | present rate. accomplishment of this result is not a | emptions. | pal property, public institutions, hospi- | tals, schools, churches, parks, cemeteries, answer and the order to fire rate as real estate, for local purposes, except that $300 worth ic exempted. Those who own less than that amount of personal property will not be taxed for it. Those who own more are able to pay the small rate that will be necessary. Under this provision of the law it is en- tirely probable that the county levy in Erie will be reduced to one mill ; that the city levy will drop to half its present rate, and the school tax to one-third its Who dure assert that the positive and substantial gain to the people at large ? The proposed law is liberal in its ex- All government and munici- public monuments, benevolent and charitable institutions, with their furni- ture, apparatus, books, ete., are exempt from taxation for all purposes named in the act except for lighting and paving the streets and building sewers in cities and boroughs. Nothing more could be asked under this heading. Penalties are provided for fraudulent returns by the assessor or tax-payer, and the usual machinery of the law made ayailable for the enforcement of all the provisions of the act. Now what is there in this to kick up a great row about ? Corporations must pay more taxes than before, if this bill passes —but that is only simple justice. Money loaners and bankers must pay more tax upon their “moneys and cre- dits,” but the load upon their real estate will be lighter. Manufacturers, mer- chants, and other business men pay more in one direction and save it in an- other. No more money is collected from the people than before—less,in fact, by the increased taxation of corporations. Is this a measure to be scoffed at and ridiculed ? Is it not rather just what its framers sought to make it-—a law to equalize the burden of taxation, to shift some of the load from the weary shoul- ders of certain classes to other and abler support ? The Dispaich wishes to hear from its readers upon this question. Tt is timely and important. Our legislators want to know the public sentiment to- ward tax equalization, as attem pted in this bill. Talk up the situation, tax- payers ! ——— Bloodshed in the Coke Region, Nine Riotous Strikers Killed and About Forty Wounded. About 3 o’clock Thursday morning of last week a mob about 500 Hungarian and other foreign strikers began rioting at the Standard Works near Mt. Pleas- ant, Westmoreland county, known as the Morewood plant, belonging to Frick & Co. They destroyed some of the company’s property and then proceeded to cut the telephone and telegraph lines of the eoke company so that no warnings could be sent to the peple at More- wood. About three o’clock a party of rioters between 400 and 500 strong marched to Morewood. In the meantime the company’s emn- ployes at the Standard works hurriedly repaired the telephone lines and sent word to Morewood that the strikers would attack the works in three places, and had a well laid plan to destroy the whole plant. The deputy sheriffs were soon in readiness to receive the attack. The men were divided into three parties, Captain Lohr having charge of the party that was placed behind the big gates of the barn and stable inclosure. As the rioters passed the company’s store they made an attack on it and raid- ed it as far as they could in a brief time, breaking the windows and doing other damage. They then marched to the barn inclosure and attempted to break down the gates. When the mob advanced towards the fence an order to halt was given, but tLe only attention it received was the firing of three shots by the members of the mob, who turned and made a dash toward the stables. The guards follow- ed and the command to halt was again given. This was answered with yells and threats. Again was the command given and again came the mocking was given by Captain Lohr. The volleys from the Winchesters were well directad, and but a few rounds were nec gsary to drive the frightened rioters back into the hills, where hundreds of tkeir fellow strikers had gathered in anticipation of assisting in the raid, but not in a battle with such a determined band of guards. The fir- ing on botk sides continued hardly three minutes. The volleys from the guards had a terrible effect on the compact mass of strikers, while the latter made an at- tempt to return the fire with the few weapons that they possessed, but with- out effect. The dead, amounting to seven in number, were left lying in the road, while the wounded, ‘estimated at be- tween forty and fifty, were either assist- ed or carried into the hills by their fel- lows: It will be noticed that all the men killed bear foreign names and it 1s a fact that none of them were naturaliz- ed citizens of this country. Two of the wounded are reported dead, making the number killed nine in all. On Saturday the bodies of the seven dead rioters were buried in the Catholic cemetery ut Scottdale, the funeral being attended by a crowd of their sympathiz- ing friends which was estimated to num- ber more than 10,000. Intense excite- ment prevailed, but an outburst was prevented by the influence of the leaders and the priests. TROOPS SENT BY TH® GOVERNOR. Upon the call of the Sheriff of West- moreland county, stating that he was unable to preserve”the peace and sup- press the disturbance, Governor Patti- son ordered the Tenth and Righteenth Regiments of tha National Guards to go to his assistance and to maintain order. They are now upon the scene of the riotous proceedings ‘and order has been restored, but the feeling is still intense among the striking foreigners and their | sympathizers. and money-lenders object to this pro- | i —— CANCERS. —Thousands of cancers are permanently removed by entirely new and origigal methods without pain, loss of blood, or the use of plaster or knife. For book on Cancer (sent free} address Surgical Hotel, Columbus, Ohoi Dg. 8. B. HARTMAN, Pres’t. ee — ——Read the Warcaman for poli- tical and general news. EEE elections mean ADDITS ONAL LOCALS. MILLINERY OPENIN G.—Thursday of next week has ben settled on as the day on which Mrs. Rob’t Gilmore will hold her grand spring opening. All the latest styles and shapes in hats and bon- nets will be displayed on her counters, and an exceptional feature of the day will be the exhibit of the many beauti- ful laces which Mrs. Gilmore has been collecting. Tt is the finest line ever brought to Bellefonte. FesTivaL ar MiLespura.—The La- dies’ Social Circle connected with the Milesburg Baptist church, will hold a fair and festival in that place on Friday and Saturday evenings, April 10th and 11th, in the basement of the church. It promises to be a grand event. The pro- ceeds will go toward paying the balance of the debt on the parsonage. The pas- tor, Rev. T. B. Cross, assisted by his congregation, has been working hard the last year to get a nice parsonage, and the people of Milesburg should give them a helping hand. SHEPP-COXE.—The great ejectment case which has been trying at Pottsville for the last seventeen weeks has been closed. The jury brought in a verdict for the defendant on last Friday morn- ing. More than usual interest was taken in the case by people hereabouts owing to the fact that ex-Judge J. H. Orvis was ome of the leading attorneys for the plaintiff, and as there was such eminent men employed on both sides it was hoped that the decision would have been just the reverse of what it was. The case was over a property valued at $10 000, and its trial—this being the second time —has cost about $30,000. CuurcH CoUNCIL.—An ecclesiastical council met at Port Matilda, April Tth. 1891, at 10:30 a. m., for the purpose of recognizing the Baptist church of Port Matilda as a regularly constituted Bap- tist church. The council was organized by electing Rev. S. L. Forgas, of Bell- wood, moderator, and Rev. C. H. Fitz- williams as clerk. The following churches sent delegates : Logans Valley, Tyrone, Evert, Unionville, Bald Eagle, Liberty and Port Matilda, enrolling fourteen delegates. After the organization the council ad- Jjourned to meet al 1:30 p. m., at which time the council reassembled. After singing and prayer the following resolu- tion was offered by Rev. T. B. Cross, of Milesburg . Resolved, That this council recognize this as a regularly constituted and or- ganized Baptist church,under the name, right and title of Port Matilda Bap- tist church. This was unanimously adopted ard the following were appoint- ed as a committee of arrangements : Rev T. B. Cross, S. S. Miles and John Crid- er, who presented the following as the order of services which was carried out. Reading of Scriptures and prayer by Rev. Cross, of Milesburg ; sermon by Rev. Fitzwilliam, of Tyrone, who preached from Cal. 8:3, “For ye are dead and your life is hid in Christ with God,” It was an eloquent and faithful presen- tation of the inner life of the Christian. Rev. Bargas, of Eagleville, offered the prayer of recognition ; Rev. M. B. Lan- ning gave the right hand of fellowship, and S. T. Forgens, of Bellwood, gave the charge to the church. After which it was resolved thata copy be sent to the Bellefonte WATCHMAN and :Gazette. Adjourned with the Benediction by Rev. Bardens. We Pusrisa Tuem.—Contrary to the expectations, and, we believe, the statements of some members of the Bellefonte Temperance Society, we pub- lish the resolutions passed by that order at its last regular meeting. It is no in- terest of ours whom the society may cen- sure for the granting of licenses in thisor any other county, nor do we propose ar- guing their justice, bur as a matter of news we take pleasure in appending the resolutions : Resolved, That whilst we do not pre- sume to be either lawyers nor judges of the law, yet we do feel constrained to express our disapproval and regret at the action of the Court of this Judicial District, in refusing to exercise that wise discretion in the disposition of licenses which the law permitsand the Supreme Court has conceeded to them ; and furth- er, that we fail to see any good reasons given for the same in the gratuitous ar- ticles promulgated by the court through the public press. We especially regret the action of the court in reference to the granting of licenses in Centre county, as the county has always, when the oppor- tunity offered, expressed itself at the bal- lot box as opposed to all liquor license by a large majority. And whereas we, as temperance peo- ple of Bellefonte, are forced to endure the evils of three drinking places, we particularly remonstrate against the granting of more within the limits of the borough. And be it further resolved, that we tender to the temperance people of Huntingdon county our sympathy in- asmuch as they have lately been com- pelled to suffer the same affliction as ourselves. —A Philipsburg girl was married to her lov- er as he lay in bed suffering from the grippe. csr Sl