VOL. 7. u PRESIDENTS MESSAGE. ee Beets The Annual Message of the President of the Jaitsa fuses as Xe sin = Jentls & and ves, Mo: ly me Pn Bepresen: nday, Fellaw-citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives : Since your last annual assembling, anoth- er yeur of health and bountiful barvest has passed ; and while it has not pleased the Almightyto bless us with a return of peace we can but press on, guided by the best light He gives us, trusting that in His own Boo time and wise way, all will yet be well. “I'he correspondence touching forzign af- fairs, which bas taken place during the last year, is herewith submitted, in virtual com- pliance’ with & request to that effect made by the House of Representatives near the close of the last session of Congress. If the con- dition of our relations with other nations is less gratifying than it has usually been at former periods, it is certainly more satisfac- tory than a nation so unhappily distracted as we are might reasonably have apprehend- In the month of June last there were some grounds to expect that the maritime Powers which at the beginning of our do- mestic difficulties so unwisely and unneces- sarily, as we think, ‘recognized the insur- gents as a belligerent, would soon recede from that position, which has proved only less injurious to themselves than to our own country. But the temporary reverses which after- ward befel the National arms, and which were exaggerated by our own disloyal citi- wens abroad, have hitherto delayed that act of simple justice. The civil war, which has #0 radically changed, for the moment, the occupations and habits of the American people, has necessarily disturbed the social condition, and affected very deeply the pros- perity of the nations with which we have carried on a commérce that has been steadi- ly increasing throughout a period of half a century. It bas at the eame time excited political ambitions and apprehensions, which have produced a profound agitation throughout the civilized world. In this un- usual agitation we bave forborne from tak- ing part in any controversy between for- eign States and between parties or factions in such States. We have attempted no propagandism, and acknowledged ne revolution; but we have left to every nation the exclusive con- duct and management of its own affairs. Our ftroggle has been, of course, contem- by foreign nations with reference ess to its own merits that to its supposed and often exaggerated effects and conse- quences resulting to those nations them- solves. Nevertheless, comy'a‘nt on the part of this Goveranent, even if n were just would certainly be unwise. ++ The treaty with “Great Brittain for the suppression of the slave trade ins Leen put duto operation with a good prosj.ct of com- plete succéss, Itisan occasion of special pleanurs to ackiowledge that : thie execution ‘of it, on the partofi ther Majesty’s Govern- anent, has been marked with a jealous re- spect for the authority of the United States anid therights of their moral and loyal citi- BOOM aid voi docu : The convention with ITanover for the abo lition of the State ‘dues. has ‘been carried into full effect under the aet uf Congress for that purpose. a A blockade of three thousand miles of sea- 2oast could not be established aud. rigor- sly enforced in a season of great commer- «ial activity like the pregent without com- witting occasional Eo and inflicting waintentional injuries upon foreign nations od their subjects. A civil war occurring ua country where foreigners reside, and arry on trade under treaty stimulations, is «cesrarily fruitful of complaints of the vio- tion of neutral rights. All such collisions tend to excite misap- rehensions and, possibly, to produce muta- 1 reclamations between nations which have - common interest in preserving peace and tendship. In clear cases of these kinds + bave, so far as Posalie, heard and redress- -d complaints which have been presented + y friendly Powers, ‘There is still, however, a large and aug- menting number of doubtful cases, upon which the Government is unable to agree with the Governments whose protection is demanded by the claimants. There are moreover, many cases in which the United States, or their citizens, suffer Aronge from the naval or military authori- ties of foreign nations, which the Govern- ments of these States are not at once pre- pared to redress. I have proposed to some of the foreign States thus interested, mu- tual conventions to examine and adjust Louch complaints. This proposition has been made especially to Great Britain, to France to and to Prussia. In each case it has kindly received, but has net yet been formally addopted. I deem it my duty to recommend and ap- Fopration in behalf of the owners of the orwegian bark Admiral P. Tordinskiold, which vessel was, in May, 1861, prevented u the commander of the blockading force off Charleston from leaving that port with ® cargo, notwithstanding a similar privilege bad, shortly before been granted to an Eng- lish vessel, I have directed the Secretary of State to cause the {pus in the case to be communicated to the proper committees, Applications bave becn made to me by many free Americans of African decent to favor their emigration, with a view to such colonization as was contemplated in recent aots of Congress. Other parties at home and abroad—some from interested motives, others upon patriotic considerations, and still others influenced 2 philanthropic sentimeuts—have suggested similar meas- ures ; while, on the other hand, several of the Spanish-American Republics have pro- ed et the sending of sach colonies to their respective territories. ; Under these circumstances I have declin- od to move any euch colony to any State, thout first obtaining the consent of its ment, with an agreement on its part to receive and protect such emigrants in all the rights of freemen ; and I have, at the same time, offered to the several States situated within the tropics, of having colo- nies there, to negotiate with them, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate, to favor the voluntary emigration of persons of that class to their respective territories upon gonditions which shall be equal, just, and humane, " Liberia and Ifayti are as yet the only . ¢ountries to which colonists of African de- “© em ————— a being received and adopted as citizens, and | the secured ‘uniform national circulation, I regret to say that such persons as con- | for the local and various circulation, secur- template colonization do not seem sc willing | ed and unsecured, now issued by them, to migrate to those countries as to some| The ressipts into the Treasury from all others, nor so willing as, I think, their in- | sources, including loans, and balance from terest demands. I believe however, the | the preceding , for the fiscal opinionamongthemin this respect is improv- | ing on the 30th June, 1862, were x ing, and that ere long there will be an aug- | 247 66, on which sum $49,056,397 62 were ‘mented and considerable emigration to both | derived from customs; $1,705,331 73 from these countries from the United States. the direct tax; from public lands, The new commercial treaty between the |$152,203 77; from miscellaneous sources, United States and the Sultan of Turkey [$931,787 64 ; from loans in all forms, $529, has been ‘carried into execution. A com- [602,460 50. The remainder, $2,257,06580, mercial and consular treaty has been nego- | was the balance from Just Year, tiated, subject to the Senate’s consent, with | The disbursements duribg the same pe- Liberia, and a similar negotiation is now [riod were for Congressional, eXecutive and pending with the republic of Hayti. A [judicial purposes, $5,039,099 39; for for considerable improvement of the national | eign intercourse, $1,339,710, 35 ; for miscel- commerce is expected to tesult from these |laneous expenses, including the measures, post office deficiencies, collect Our relations with Great Britain, France, | nues, abd other like charges, $14,129,771. Spain, Portugal, Russia, Prussia, Denmark, | 50; fof expenses under the Interior Departs Sweden, Austria, the Netherlands, Italy, | ment; $3,102,985 52; under the War De- Rome, and the other European States, re- | partment, $394,368,407 36; under the Na. main undisturbed. Very favorable rela- vy Department, $42,674,569 69 ; for the in- tions also continue to be maintained with | terest on public debt, $13,190,324 45; and Turkey, Morocco, China, and Japan. fir payment of public debt, including reim« During the last year there bas not only | bursements of temporary loans, and tedemp- been no change of our vreyious relations | tions, $96,096,922 09 ; making an aggregate with the independent States of our own |of $570,841,700 25, and leaving a balance Continent, but more friendly sentiments |in the treasury on the first day of July, 18- than have heretofore existed are believed to | b2, of $13,043,546 81. ‘ } be entertained by these neighbors, whose| It should be observed that the sum of $96,- safety and progress are so intimately con-|096, 922, 09, expended for reimbursements nected with our own, This statement es-|and redemption of public debt, being in- pecially applies to Mexico, Nicaragus, | cluded also in the loans made, may be Costa, Rica, Honduras, Peru, and Chili. erly deducted, both receipts and ex- The commission under the convention | penditures, leaving the actual receipts for with the republic of New .Grenada closed | the year $487.788,324 97, sud the expendi- its session, without having audited and | tures, $474,744,778 10. : passed upon, all the claims which were sub-| Other information on the subject of finan- mitted to it. A proposition is pending to ces will be found in the report of the Secre- revive the convention, that it may be able | tary of the Treasury, to whose statements to do more complete justice. The joint com- | and views I invite your most candid and mission between the United States and the | considerate attention. republic of Costa Rica has completed its la-| The reports of the Secretaries of War, tors and submitted its report. and of the navy, sre herewith transmitted. I have favored the project for connecting | These reports, though lengthy, are scarcely the United States with Europe by an Atlan- | more than brief of the very nue tic telegraph, and a similar project to ex- | merous and extensive transactions tend the telegraph to San Franclaco, to con- | rations conducted through those depart. nect by a Pacific telegraph with the line ments. Nor could I give a summary of which is being extended across the Russian | them here, upon any principle, which would empire, admit of ite being much shorter than the The Territories of the United States, with {reports themselves. 1 therefore content unimportant exceptions, have remained un- | myself with laying the reports before you, disturbed by the civil war; and they are and asking you? attention to them. - exhibiting such evidence of plodpenty as| Ii gives me pleasure to report a decided justifies an expectation that some of them | improvement in the financial condition of will soon be in 8 condition to be organized | the Post Office Department, as compared as States, and be Constituionally admitted | with several preceding years. The recei into the Federal Union. for the fiscal yéar 1861 amounted to $8,349, The immense mineral resources of some | 296 40, which émbraced the revenue from of these Territories ought to be developed all the States of the Usion for three guar. as rapidly as possible, Every step in that | ters of that year. Notwithstanding the ces- direction would have a tendency to improve | sation of revenue from the so calle ed the revenue of the government, and dimij: «| States during tbe last fiscal year, the in- ish the burdens of the people. It is worthy | crease of the correspondence of the loyal of your serious consideration whether some | States has been sufficient to produce a rev- extraordinary measures to promote that end | enue during the same year of $8,209,820 90, cannot be adopted. The means which sug- | being only $50,000 less, than was derived gests itself as most likely to be effective, is | from all the States of the Union during the a scientific exploration of the mineral re- | previous year. The expenditures show a ions in those Territories, with a view to still more favorable result. The amou Se publication of its results at home and foreign countries—results which cannot | the last year the amount has been reduced fail to be auspicious. to $11,125,364 13, showing a decrease of The condition of the finances will olaim | about $2,481,000 in the expenditures as com= your most diligent consideration. The vast expenditures incident to the military $3; d and puval operations required for the sup-|1860. The deficiency in the rtment for pression of the rebellion, have hitherto been | the previous year was $4,551,966 98. For met with a promptitude, and certainty, un- | the last fiscal year i$ was reduced to $2,112, usual in circumstances ; and the public 814 £7. credit has been fully maintained. The con- 0 1 re in 0 tinuance of the war, however, and the in-|to the cessation of mail service in the insar- creased disbursements made necessary by | rectionary States, and in part to careful re- the augmented forces now in the field, de- | view of all expenditures in that department mand your best reflections as to the best |in the interest of economy. The efficiency modes of providing the necessary revenue, ] without injury to business, and with the | been much improved. The ter Gen- least possible burdens upon labor. eral has also opened a correspondence, The suspension of specie payments by the | through the Department of State, with for- banks, soon after the commencement of your sign governments, proposing a convention last session. made large issues of United | of postal representatives for the pu of States notes unavoidable. In no other way simplifying the rates of postage, to exe could the payment of the troops, and the | pedite the foreign mails.. This proposition, satisfaction of other just demands, be so|equally important to our adopted citizens, economically, or so well provided for. The |and to the commercial interests of this coun- judicious legislation of Congress, securing |try, has been favorably entertained, and the receivability of these notes for loans and | to, by’ all the governments from internal duties, and making them a legal | whom replies have been received. tender for other debts, has mace them uni-{ I ask the attention of Con, to the 8 versal currency; and bas satisfied, partially, | gestions of the Postmaster General in his at least, and for the time, the long felt want | report respecting the further legislation re- of an uniform circulating medium, saving | quired, in his opinion, for the benefit of the thereby to the le, immense sums in dis- | postal service. § : counts and oe : The Secretary of the Interior ‘reports as A return to specie payments, however, at | follows in zegard to the public lands: the earliest period compatible with duere-| * The public lands have ceased to bea ard to all interests concerned, should ever | source of revenue. From the let of July e kept in view. Fluctuations in the value | 1861, to the 30th of September, 1862, the of currency are always injurious, and to re- | entire each recei duce these fluctuations to the lowest possi- [ were $246,476 20—a sum much less than ble point will always be a leading purpose | the expenses of our land system during the in wiee legislation. Convertibility, prompt | same period. The homestead law, which and certain convertability into coin, is gen- | will take effect on the let of January next, erally acknowledged to be the best ani era such inducements to settlers thas sales surest safeguard against them; and it is | for cash cannot be expected to an extent extremely doubtful whether a circulation of | sufficient to meet the o of the Gen- United States notes, payable in coin, and | eral Land Office, and the cost of surveying sufficiently large for the wants of the peo- | and bringing the land into markes,” ple, can be permanently, usefully and safe-| The discrepancy between the sum here ly maintained. stated as arising from the sales of the pub- Is there, then, any other mode in which |lic lands, and the sum derived from the the necessary provision for the public wants | same source as ted from the Treasury. can be made, and the great advantages of a | Department arises, as I understand, from safe and uniform currency secured ? the fact that the periods of time, though ap- I know of none which promises so certain | parently, were not really, coincident at the results, and is at the same time, so unob- | beginning point—the Tony report in- jectionable, as the organization of banking | cluding a considerable sum now, which had associations, under a general act of Con- | previously reported from the Intarior—suffi- gress, well guarded in its provisions. To |ciently large to greatly overreach the sum anch associations the government might fur- | derived from the three months now report- nish circulating notes, on the security of [ed upon by the Iuterior, aud mot by the United States bonds deposited in the treas- | Treasury. 2 ury. These notes, prepared under thesa-| The Indian tribes upon our frontiers have, pervision of proper officers, being uniform | during the pust year, manifested a spirit of in appearance and security, and converti- | insubordination, and, at several points, ble always into coin, would at once protect ave en in open hostilities against the white s labor against the evils of a vicious currency, and facilitate commerce by cheap and safe | tribes occupying the Indian country south of Kansas, renounced their allegiance to the United States, and entered into treaties with the insurgents. Those who remained loyal to the United States were driven from the country. The chief of the Cherokees has visited this city for the purpose. of re- storing the former relations of the tribe 750,000 as compared with the fiscal year exc! A moderate reservation from the interest on the bonds would compensate the United States for the preparation and distribution of the notes, and a general supervision of the system, and would lighten the burden of that part of the public debt employed as securities. The public credit, moreover, | with the Unsbed | He al that would be greatly improved, and the nego- | they were constrained, by superior 4 tiation of new loans greatly facilitated by | enter into treaties with the ‘insurgents. and the steady market, demand ‘for government | that the United States to furnish bonds which the adoption of the proposed system would create. It is additional recommendation of the measure, of considerable weight in my judgment, thay it would reconcile, as far as possible all existing interests, by the oppor- tunity offered to existing institutions to re- tious requ . ..In the month of August last the Sioux Io- dians, in Mimnesota, attacked’ the settles ments, in their vicinity with extreme feroe- ity, killing ies men, women soend from bere could go with certainty of and children, This attack was wholly up- ol organize under the act, substituting only | expected, and therefore no means’ of de- ‘BELLEFONTE, FRIDAY MORNING, DEC. 12, 1862 ints, loans, | State ope- | it. nt expended in 1861 was $13,606,759 11. For | of ared with the preceding year, and wbout | day These favoratis results are in part owing | ged of the postal service, it is believed, has also | pat UE | for two, or more. Its vast extent, and its from the sale of lands | of the ements in their vicinity. The | abla wall . ; a Suppose to war, the protaskion which thir rsa sipale- slays, and Phan, a i fos on both J fay sed a little more than ony third of persons | its are. rivers, etsy to be i large | and populated. or soon ~ be popula o amoubt of was destroyed. How | thickly upon both sides ; while nearly all this outb was induced is not definitely | its remaining length, are merely surveyer's known, and suspicions, which ah lines, over which people may walk back and just, heed not to be stated, [ forth without any consciousness of their was rédelved by the Indian bureau, from presence. No part of this line can bo made different sources, about the time hostilities | any more difficalt to pass, by writing it were commenced, that the simultaneous at- | down on paper or rhe, as a national tack was to be made upon the white settle- | boundary. The fact of separation, if it ments by all the tribes between the Mississ- | comes, gives up on the part of ‘the seceed- ippi river and the ky mountains. The ing section, the of the sl of Minnesota has suffered gruat inju- : fast yrs i along with all other constitutional obliga. n from this Indian war, A Iatge portion | tions upon the section seceeded from, while her territory has been depopulated, and | I should expect no treaty stipulation would a severe loss has been sustained by the de- | ever be made to take its place. struction of property, The people of that| But there is another difficulty. The st much for. the remo- | great interior region, bounded east f tribes beyond the limits of the | Alleghenies, north by the British domin- ates a8 a guarantee sgalnet future hostil: | ions, west by the Rocky mountains, and ities, The Commissioner of Indian Affairs | south by the line along which the eultare will furnish full details. 1 submit, for your especial consideration, whether our Indian system shall not be remodelled.” Man wise and men have impressed me with the belief that this can be profitably done. I submit a statement of the of commissioners, which shows ¢ that has been made in the enterprise of dott structing the Pacific railroad. And this suggests the earliest completion of this | It contains more than one third of the coun- , and also the favorable action of Con- | try owned by the United States—certain- s tipon the projects now pending before | ly. more than one million of square them for enlarging the capacities of the| miles. One half as populous as Massa- eat canal in New York and Illinois, as | chusetts already is, it would have more ing of vital and rapidly increasing im than seventy five millions of people. A glance at the map shows that territorially of cofth atid évtton meets, and which in- cludes of Virginia, part of Tennessee, all of ] sntucky, hio, Indianns, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri; Kansas, Towa, Minttesots, 8nd She Territories of Dakota, Nebraska, and part of Colorado, alread has above ten millions of Jeople, and will have fifty millions within fy years, if not ted by any Jofitienl folly or mistake. t ance to the whole nation, and especially to the vast interior region herein to be | speaking, is is the great body of the repub- noticed at some greater length, I purpose|lic. The other parts sre but ma: bor- baying prepared and laid before you at an | ders to it, the magnificent opitig early day some interesting and valuable sta- tistical information upon this subject. The military and commercial im: of en- larging the Illinois and Michigan canal, and improving the Illinois river, is nt- ed in the report of Colonel Webster to the Secretary of War, and now transmitted to Congress. I respectfully ask attention to west from the Rocky mountains to the Pa. cific, being the deepest, as also the richest, in undeveloped resources, In the production of provisions, grains, asses, and all which proceed from them, Bia great interior region is naturally one of the most important in the world, Ascer- tain from the statistics the small propor- tion of the region which has, as yet, been brought into cultivation, and also the large To carry out the provisions of the act of and rapidly incveasing amount of its pro- Congress of the 15th of May Inst, I have caused the Department of Agriculture of the | ducts, and we shall be overwhelmed with United States to be organized. the magnitude of the prospects presented. The Commissioner informs me that with | And yet this region has no sea coast, touch- in the periodof ‘a fow months this depart-| ge no ocesn anywhere. As part of one na- ment has established an extensive system of | tion, its people now find, and may forever correspondence and exc anges, both at home | find their way to Europe by New York, to and abroad, which promises to effect bighly | South America and Africa by New Orleans, beveficial results in the development ofa {and to Asia by Ssn Francisco. Bat separ- correct knowledge of recent improvements | ste our common country into two nations, In agrigalturey in the iutiodlavtion y Jaw as designed VY The Tali rebellion, and produets, in the collection of the Agti | very man of this great interior region is cttfeiral statistics of the several States: thereby cut off from some one En of Also that it will soon be to dis- | these outlets, not; perhaps, by s physical tribute largely seeds, cereals, plants and | barrier, but by ertibarr?aetitig #nd orierous cuttings, and has already established, and | trade regulations. liberally diffused, much valuable informe] And “his is true; wherever a dividing of tion, in anticipation of more ' efwborated re- | boundary ling tity be fixed. Place it be port which ‘will in due time be furnished, tween the now free and slave country, or embracing some valimble teste # chemical it south of Kentucky, or north of science ov jp ei a the laboratory. Ohio, and still he truth remains, that nohs creation of this SRA Suan wag for haouth of it, can trade to an; of the more immediate benefit of & large class ['nosth of it, and none bed ll tfade to any port or place south of it, except upon terms dictated by a government foreign to them. These outlets, east, west and south, of our most valuable citizens ; and I trust that the liberal basis upon which it has been organized will not only meet your approba- tion; bus that it will realize, at no distant | are indispensable to the well being of the , all the fondest anticipations of its most | people inhabiting, and to inhabit, all this sanguine friends, and become the fruitful | vast interior region. . Which of the three source of advantage to all our people. On the twenty-sesond day of September last a proclamation was issued by the Ex- ecutive, a copy of which is herewith submit In accordance with the purpose expressed in the second eT or that. paper, I now respectfully recall your attention. to may be the best, is no proper qligstion.-—, All, are better than cither ; and al of right belong to the people, and to their sucoessors, in Te to o Siiedindy they gn aot where a line of separation Ho will vow rather, that there be aha b line. Nor sre the marginal regions less interes- ted in these communications to, and tarough What ny be called ** compensated emanci- | them, to the great outside world. They too pation.’ i .,. |end each of must have scoess. to. the A vation may be aifH to consist of ite Egypt of the West, without paying tolls at territory, its oid. its laws. The territory is the only part which is of cortain durability, * One general seth away and another eration , bit the | earth abideth forever.” It is of the fet im portance to daily consider, and estimate, Shia ever enduring part. That portion of earth’s surface which is owned and in- habitéa bY the people of the United States, is well adapted to be the home of one wa- tional family ; and it is not well adapted the crossing of any national boundary. Our national strife springs not from our anent part; not from the land we in- abit ;' not ‘our national homestésd = There is no ble severing of this; but would multiply, snd not mitigate, evils among us, lo all i ions and apti- tude, it demands union. and abhors sepera. | tion. In fact; it would, eve long, foree re- enor; however muck of blood and tredsdd the separation might have cost. Our strife pertains to ourselves, to the passing generations of men, and it can with out convulsions, be hushed forever with the variety of climate and productions, are of advantage, in this age, for one people, what- over they might lave been in former ages. passing of ove generation. Steam, telegraphs, and intelligence, have| [nq this view I recommend the adoption of brought these, to be. an advantageous com-| the following resolution and articles amen- on for one upited people. datory to the Constitwtior of the Waited address I briefly poin-| States : ted out the total inadequacy of disunion, as| + Resolved by the Senats and House of a remedy for the differences of the people | Representatives of the United States & Amer- the two sectiovs, I did so in language |ica in Congress assembled, (two thirds of which I cannot improve, and which there-| both houses concurring. That the -follow- repeat. ing articles be pro to the legisiatures fore I beg to i : * One section of our country believes sla- | (or conventions) of the several amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all is right, and ought to be extended, while the other believes it to be wrong, and | or any of which articles when ratified by three-fourths of the said legislatures (or con- ought not to be extended. This is the only substantial dispute. The fugitive slave ventions) to be valid as part or parts of the said Constitution, viz : House of the untiéstion, and the law for Suppraen of the foreign slave trade,| « Armicre.—E State, wherein slave It enforced perhaps as soy | now exists, Which, thal sholish the some . ot any time or times, before the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand and nine bundred, shall re- ceive compensation from the United States as follows to wit: “The President of the United States shall deliver to every State, bonds of the Uaited States, bearing interest ot the rate ofr pet = Br cant per annum, to ju ont us! sggregate sum of or ooh slave shows to have been therein, by the eighth census of the United States, wid bonds to be delivered to such State by in: stallments, or in one parcel, at the comple- tion of the abolishment, accordingly as the same shall have been gradual, or at one hae wills such State ; hy jilejest shall rgin to run an wife may be divorced, and go out of the a EY touch hand enly Feit ‘the. proper time of its delivery as aforesaid, presence and beyond the reach of each eth. Err ered brs of seh ob dS hv ds Brn od cannot do this. They cannot but remain | therei abil refund to the U ited ] 5 ain | therein, to ni Suis wo few, and inthicoutse vithee 8moa- | bonds ev received, or thie value thereof, and ble or hostile, must. ogdtinue between them. all interest Is is possible then; to that intercourse | . more advantageous, of more satifactory, - separation than before? Can aliens make treaties be more faithfully enforced betweenaliens, than laws canameng friends ? cannot fight t body poopleabide by the dry | gal obligation in cases, a fow break over in each. i in ¢ ly cured ;and foreign slave trade, now imperfectly su preseed, would be ultimately revived with- out 1 mn one section; while fugi- slaves, now only Jyarialy surrendered, would not be sueren at all by the oth- er. » ically speaking, we cannot separ- ate. © cannot Pémove our respective seo- tions from each otfter, for build an impass- ] between them: A busband and tes the enjoyed actual freedom by the eh hie war at any time before the end of the rebellion, be forever free, but all own- ers.of such who shall not have been disloyal rates ass provided for States adopting ahol- of thavery, but in sued os that no slave shall be twice accounted for. =.* Armictwewy Congress m approps}- ate money, 30 otherwise provide colo~ nising free oglored persons, with thel® own consent, at any place or places withudy the United States. 0s, 8 gain on either,you cease fight- Td 158 ident old question, as to term: of are again upon you.” There is no line straight or crooked, sui- table for.a national boundary, upon which to divide. Trave through, east from west, upon the fred and-slave country, and - the | Union P86 [ i585 wot Be safe to say that the south has thereof. Jokuress pod All slaves who elall have chances of ehall be’ compensated for them as the same of i I beg indulgence to. discuss these - - sed articléd at some lehgth. Without sla- vert the rebellion never could have existed, without paves it could not comtinne. Among the friends of the Union there is great diversity of sentiment, and. of policy n regard to slavery, and the African race among us, B6iHE ate klavery, scme would abolish it aildds i end with compensation ; some would reifidte the freed strength in struggles: among ourselves. — By mutual concession we should harmonize and act together. This would be compro- mise ; but it would be compromise among the friecds, and not with the enemies of the + “These articles are intended to em- Joly a plan of such mutual : concessions.~ If the plan shall be adopted, it is assumed that emancipation will follow, at least in several of the States. As to the first article, the main peints are, The emancipation will be uneitisfactory to the advocates of perpetual slavery; but the length of time should greatly mitigate their dissatisfaction. e time spares both races from the evils of sudden derangentént —in fact, from thE ay #hy Josie. ment—whil thBet of thtas” whoad hitbithal course of thought will be disturbed by the measure, will have passed away before its consumation. They will never see it.— Another class will hail the prospect of em- ancipation, but will deprecate the length of time. They Th feel that it gives too little to the hbw liviiig slaves. But it . really gives them much. 1t saves them from the vagrant destitution, whieh must largely at- tend immediate emancipation in localities The plan leaves to each State. choosing to act under it, to abolish slavery now, or at the end of the century, or at any interme- diate time, or by degrees, extending over the whale or any part of the period ; and it obliges po two States to proceed alike. Jt also provides for compensation, and gener- ally the mode of making It. This, it would seem, must further mitigate the dissatiafac- tion of those who favor perpetual slavery, and especially of those who sre to receive the compensation. Doubtless some of those who are to pay, snd not to receive, will ob- ject. Yet the measure is both just and eco- nomical. In a certain sence, the likeration of slaves is tho dertruction of property— property acquired by descent or by pur- chase, the same as any other property. It is no lese true for having been often said, that the people of ‘the south are not more responsible for the uriginal introduc- tion of this property, than are the people of the North ; and when it is remembered how ashesfiatingly we all use cotton and ? snd share the profits of dealing in them, it been more responsible than the north, for its continuance. . If, then, for a common ob- jeot, this property is to be sacrificed, ie it not just that it be done ata gunn charge? © aggregate sun ary for comp jing emancipation of course gad Je ary ut it would r 8 no y cash, ne (Bo, bondd, | GU; By he ter than the emancipation prog be. This might not, and probabl: ar ro oll pably, he h AY thet (3s wo shall propably haze a. hun- dred millions of people to share the burden, instead of thirty one millions, as row. And not only so,!but the increase of our popula- tion may be expected oo eontinue for a long time after that period, as rapidly as before, because our territory will not have become At the same ratio of increase which we have maintsfived,'on an average, from our first national censure, in 1790, until that of 1860; we ahoyld, in 1900, have a population of 103,208,415. beyond that period ? De broad nations} MbEftigac aviplé reibd¥ds. Were dur territory as lim- ited as are the British Isles, very certain] our p¢ pulation could not ex as stated. Ins of receiving the foreign horn, as now we should be compelled to send part of the native born away. But such is not our condition. We have two millions nine hun. Tr al Europe has three millions’ and eight hah dred thousand, with a population averaging seventy three and one third persons to the square mile. Why may not our country at some time average as many ? Is it less fer- tile las it more waste surface by moun- tains, rivers, lakes, deserts, or other ecausen. Is it inferior to Europe, in any natural ad- vantage? If then, we are €% sor jime; fo be as populous ds’ Fitope Bow coon? As to when this may be, we can judge by the past, and the present ; as to when it will be, if ever, depends muchjon whether we maintain the Union. Several of our States are uray above She Javitage of urope—soventy three « third to t lsquare mile. Massachisef(d ha¥ 5 Rhode Island, 133 ; Connecticut, 99; New York and New Jersey, each 89: other groat States, PenwisyT¥anin and Ohio, are not far below—the former having 66, and the latter 59. The States already above the European average, except New York, have increased in as rapid s ratio, since passing that point, as ever before, while no one of them is equal to some other parts of our country, in natural capacity for sustaining a dense population. . Taking the nation in the aggregate, and we find its population and ratio of increase, for the several decennial periods to be as follows : 1790 3,920,837 1800 5,305,937 35.02 per cent ratio of in. 1810 7,239,814 36.48 © “ 1820 9,638,131 33.14 « 1830 T'his shows an average decennial increase of 36.40 per cent. in our population through the seventy years from cur first to our last census yet taken, It is seen that the ratio ncrease of no one of these eeven periods is either two per cent. below or two per cent. above the average ; thus showing how the law of increase in our case is. res: 870' 427323, 341 1880 : 58,967,216 the chalet; folly and evil of dilinitn; iyi Jog and eshausting war springing from th great element of national disbotd duiong us, While it cannot be foresedH-bknctly how much one huge example of secession, breeding lesser ones indefinately, would re- tard population, civilization and prosperity, no one can doubt that the ektens of is would be very great and injuriotia, : -* - ing ahythii ench man debt now, than each man owed upon it then ; and this because our incréase of men through the whole than six per cent; interest upon the duh: relieves a debtor nalioii; 86 ulation increases faster than unpaid inger- est actlimildtés on its debt. by whi number a hundred millions, J§b&t, by » different policy, we would hs poy now, when we number but wire i mil: lions. In a word, it shows shat a will be much barder to pay for, the war, than will be a dollar for édi#iéipssion, on the proposed plan. will cost no blond; will be a saving of bi : the freed people. merely suthorises, Congress to aid in eole- niging such as may conseny:. This ought not to be regarded as ohjpctionable, on the one hand, or on thé other,’ in sg Tach ae 1 cotries to nothing, unless by the muf - sent of the people to. be American voters, through their represents- tives in Congress, white laborers. ket—increase the demand for crease tha price of it. of black labor, by colonizing the bl borer out of the country, and, by precisely, 80 much, you increase the demand for, &h’ wages of, white labor, But Iu d pdt willy forth, Are rm ory, in uny case, has there been inflexible, and consequently how reliable, | tiun of colored Assume: | the abolishment ing thabit will continue, gives the follow- | last apri - : free colored persons to the whi Bisttiot is fem the census of 180, haviag NO. 48. 1890 76,779,872 1900 1 y 1910 138,91€,526 1980 186,981,335 1930 251,680,914 These figures show that cur country may be aa populous as Europe now is, at some point between 1920 and 1930—say about 1926-s0ur territofy, at seventy-three sand » third persohs to the sqnare mile, being of people frum us and some would rétain them | capacity to ain 217,186,000. with us ; and there are yet other diversitiés.| And we wi Teach this, too, if we do nos Because of these diversities, we waste much | ourselves relingliihi thi ; . the é only The proposed emancipation would shorten the Wai, “perbettnie peace, insure this in- first, the emancipation, secondly the length | crease population; arid jiroportionately of time for consumating it—thirty seyen | the wedlth of thé SUBS, With these, we years; and thirdly the compensation. stotitd all the emancipation would er with our other debt, easier cng than we should pay our other debt withons it. If we had a debt to run at six per cent. per annum, simple interest, from the end of our revolu- tiondry fag os until to-day, without pay. wed our old national oii sithe# pribcipal or interest, us would owe léss upon that has been greater run faster than the hils, time alone, a8 its pop- THis fact would be no excuse for delay- where their numbers are very great; tnd itz Payment of what is justly due; but it it gives the inspiring assurance that their | #ows the great importance of time in shis posterity shall be free forever. ¢atilif8tipn; the grbint advantage of policy we shall not have to pay until we hay ollar And tho the latter x ptéciotls life. Is le 2p wets As to the second article, I think it would ba impracticable to return te bondage the class of persons therein contemplated, some of them, doubtless in the property sense, belong to loyal owners ; and heace, provi: sion is made in this article fur compensating 8ich, « The third article relates to the fature of It doep nnt oblige, bat ed, and the I eannot make it better known than it ¢'- roudy ie, = I Argls favor colonisation . And yet T wish to say there is an ot,jecsiop. urged Rad shed. rlored peviata J Na be |ing in th¥ sodnify,; which le Iargely imag: inary, if not sometimes malicious. Itis insisted that their presenco would eaies. injure and displace white labor and white would fieY; ¢lowo | laborers. If there ever could be a proper seven, jegts.— | tira. for, mere catch arguments, that tifie if ‘surely not now. men should utter nothing for which they would not willingly be responsible through time and in eternity. Is it true, then, that colored people can displace any more white labor by being free, than by remaining slaves? full. 1 do not state this inconsiderably.— | they Joule fo white borer; if they leave their old places, they leave themy omen fw Thgially, he more nor less of it. Emancipation, even without ‘deportation, would probably en- . hance the wages of whifs lebor, and, very * And why may we Tok Srisisin that parity Tsid¥dlF, Wonld not redies thew. room In times like the present If they stay in their old places, Thus, the customary amoun LI would still have to be per| mid od ;’ 09 freed people would surely not 5 ord tHE (Heir old proportion of it, and very probably, for a time would do less, leaving an increased part to white laborers, bringing their labor into greater demand, and consequently, en- bancing the wages of it. With de Ttation, even to a limited ext dred and sisty three thousand square miles- | hire Inbor is bs other 4 ved wi an ages to ion y certain. La- Symmodify.in the mar- it and you in- Redoce the supply la- 2 in like dhy reade iE (he HT puspre 2 and cover the whole and. already jn. the land? Will liberation make them any more numerous ? Equally, distributed among the whites of the whole country, and there would be but one colored to seven whites, Could the one, in any way, greatly disturb the seven ? Ther Lompiimities now, havin iro. a oy Ne entor p HoH: to rc whites’; and this, without an two eonacionsness of evil from it. e of Columbia, and the States of Marylan and D-aware, are all in this condition. The D strict has more than one free colored person to six whitlly;? #d yey; in ite fre quent petitions to Congreérs, I believe it has never [resented the presence of free solored perso:s as one of its grievances: But why should emancipation Susth, sis people North ? Soe run, unless there be sumething to run Bret the f People, of any color, 'sel- m “Tr Heretofore colored peuple, to some extens, have fled North from bondage; and sas; perhaps, from both EE Mitug: tion. But if gradual emrancip¥ion dnd de- portation be to flee opted; they Will have neither fron. Their ed i will give 866,020 33.49 © them wiges, at least until new oan 1840 17,069,453 32.67 “ - be procured, and the freed men, in turn, 1850 23,191,876 35.87 « “ will gladly give their labor for the 1860 31,443,790 35.58 “ till new es can be found for them, in congenial climes, and with.people of their own blood and race. This proposition car be trusted on the mutual interests inyolved, Aud, in an cide for itself, whether to reveive them ¥ event, cannot the Nortly de- Again, as practice proves more than the- lo northward, Decause oF slavery in the Distries prin, What th said of the proportion of in the sc PR li lia bmi, RTI. ot AR BS CR JA
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