_C. T. ALEXANDER, }
P. G.- MEEK,
The Ql atch,
SELLBFONTE, THURSDAY, JULY 3S.
SA prem
Here shall the press “the ‘People’s rights main-
tain,
| Mgawed by party of unbribed by gain ;
Pledged but to'trath'co liberty and law, :
No favor‘Sways wus’ and no fear shall awe.”
Editors and Publishers.
There are many men in this world whose
minds have been put dp upon such a lindited
scale that they are incapable of takifig in
and comprehending more than ene side of
avy question. This class of men “see "Yat
the one side and which is always the bent'of
their inclination, regardless whether there
be truth and argument to suppbrt it or not.
Upon the happeningof an eventin the ris-
ing of a political question, a single idea en
ters their minds, which fills it*ap and closes
forever the door of their understanding upon
that question, and they estitiot’ be convinced
of any other, until (asthe trite old German
remarked) their conwititidn conwinces them,
and with them he who’ advances an opinion
that conflicts witir theif is, as the case may
be, either a'fool or, if it beas to the policy
of the govertithent on the war question, “a
traitor.” This is the class of men who favor
a strong coercive policy on the part of the
government, and who denounce, as traitors,
all those better thinking men who dare whis-
per or even think of the word compromise.
The people of the. Free States have up for
solution a mighty question, which involves
the very existence of republican government |
and the question is, how shall we preserve it?
The ** one idea” class of our people favor
the coercion of the “rebel” States. and
think it preposterous and treasonable for
any person to think differently. They have
their own one idea about it and naver stop
to think, and, what is worse, will not allow
any body else to think whether they are
right or not. Is ceercion possible? isan
idea that never enters their lop sided crani-
ums. What will coercion cost ? is another
dea they cannot comprehend. Will coercion
not entail upon us more evils than those we
expect to remedy by it, is another thought
beyond their reach. But, ¢ we will whip
them ; yes, we will exterminate them: we
have the power, and we will doit; we can
make a morning job of it, if we are a mind
to it can be done so easily.” When even we
hear a man talk in this way, we pity him
from our very hearts, although we dare not
attempt to show the poor fellow his error.
knowing that, should we attempt it, our im-
portant sclves would be the subject of dis-
cussion at the next meeting of the ** one
idea club, and a decree would go forth
from tae venerable Tycoon, who presides
over the doliberations of that august assem-
bly, that the WarcaomaN office must be de-
molished. Can it be done before breakfast ?
as was confidently asserted by Republican
orators in this county, prior to the last fall
election. fhe people have began to see that
it will be a fell day’s work. Can it be done
at all? We believe it can, after many years
of ‘blood and carnage that will mortgage the
very bones of labor to pay the debt it will
incur. We do not like the “one idea’ men
to underrate the magnitude of the under.
taking. We know the men we have to
whip too well to suppose that they are cow-
ards, and that one, or even a hwndred defeats
will subdue them. We look the facts fair
in the face, on both sides, and count the
chances, and having dome so, have come to
the conglusion that, in the end, if we
wish to perpetuate the Union it must be
done by concession and compromise. Be-
cause we not belive that the “rebels ”’ will
ever be subjected (although whiped) as long
as there is a man left among them to fire a
musket. After many years, they may be
subdued, like rebellious Ireland was by
domineering Britain, and as in that case, zo
in this, it will require a standing army to
keep them obedient. Subdued. yet ready
to rush to arms on every occasion that offers
the slightest hope of success. Yes, but,
say some, we will keep such a standing
army as will crush in a moment the first
rising of future rebellion. Suppose we do,
what kind of a government will we have, as
far as those States are concerned, which we
thus hold in subjection? Will it not have
lost all its former glory? We boast now
that we have a government in which every
man is a sovereign, that we have attained
the highest perfection # human government
and successfully prove that the people are
capable of self-govetnment, yet must we
now admit that it has all been a delusion,
and so retrograde in civilization as to go back
to first-principles, and hold our government
together by military power? Are we not
fighting to maintain our government just as
itis? Was not the patriotic response made
to the Pregident’s first call for troops made
to prevent a dismemberment of the Union
and a consequent change of governmen
Then, let us reason together, iy
and if we find that crercion will not re-ce-
mert the dismembered: parts of our Union,
and preserve it just as it is, let us try some
ther way.
We have looked forward to the presen:
»
smi Akins ptt 8 nn meta pi mma it c Ee & oe VEN nt A Sp nin BC perme me rr me BRS ae
oe ——— . SS p— aa
Cohgress with the expectation that some- What is to be Done ? PEN, PASTE AND SCISSORS. The Duty of Christiatis and Patriots in | “REPORTS OF THE DEPARTMENTS.
thing would yet be done'to effect a compro-
(mise, but vain our ope. All peace prop-
ositions have been “sneeringly laid on the
Yet, notwithstanding this ws have not lost
our faith in the intelligence of the American
people, who will some day make peace, for,
rest assured that a compromise or settlement
—call it what ¥$u'will—must be made some
time, or else good bye, republican govern.
ment! good bye, precious bor of liberty !
for which bur fhthers suffered marty@om.—
Good bye, even ‘the precious rights to" main-
tain which our brothers and dns'flow upon
the smoking battle-field, renter’ up their all
to the Géd"who gave it, We have almost
despaired ‘of effecting a peice now, as the
party in power spurn all propositions to that
éffect, ‘Yer, lof ‘us still keep it in view, and
‘if the'coliinn ‘tiust'inove forward, let them
~ | go with the sword in one hand and the olive
brafich in the ‘other. We are ready for a
peace now, “we' long for peace, we prey for
peace, but ‘the northern people— the south-
ern people, it appears, are not ready for it.
They have vot yet seen the conseqn
of this awful affair ; the tax gathercr,
"yet gone his rounds; there has not be
ficient blood spilt yet to make the per
the necessity of peace, and until the I
of both sections feel and see the devas!
this war will make no peace proball;
be had, let it go thenbut a little "While vot
the day is not far distant when the people of
both sections will make péate regardless of
the wishes of their rulets,
** Gen. ‘Scott's Tactics,”
We publish on our ‘outside, an article
which we copy fiom ‘the Central Press of
this place, whith, of itself, explains many
facts that 'hetetofore have been wrapt in
mystery. It tells us that it never was the
intention of Gen. Scott or President Lincoln
to reinforce Fort Sumter, and that the fleet
that was sent'down to Charleston harbor,
was ifitended only as a ruse, to induce them
to ake an attack on Fort Sumter. The
attack was made, and the object gained, viz:
‘‘to turn the public opinion in the North in
favor of coercive measures.” This, also,
explains the Harvey treason. Why he tele-
graphed the authorities %t Charleston, of the
intention of the Governmént to reinforce Fort
Sumter, is now readily uuderstood. ‘He was
directed by the authorities to do just what
he did, and his dispatch, like the fleet above
mentioned, had its purpose, viz : to induee
them to make an attack upon Fort Sumter,
in order to turn public opinion in favor of
coercive measures. The truth of the Press’
argument upon this point, we believe to be
correct, for in no other way can we adcount
for this man Harvey still continuing to hold
his office under this Administration, ‘Which
appears to have sich a holy for ‘traitors.”
He telegraphed to the enemy the intention
of 'the ‘Governitent, this giging them aid and
comfort, whichis frehsor, unless Wwe ek-
plain 1t upon the hypottesis assumed in this:
article in the Press, and draw therefrom the
conclusion that he was directed to do just
what he did, for the purpose of ‘inducing
them to attack Fort Sumte, in order to tnrn
public opfinion in the North in favor of cocr-
cive measures.” But President Lincoln, in
his Inaugural, declared ‘that there should be
no bloodshed, unless it be forced upon the
national authority,” and in the concluding
clause of ‘that instrument, he declared “In
yoar hands, my dissatisfied countrymen,
and ‘hot tine, 1s the momentous issue of
civil war. The Government will not assail
you ; you ¢an have no conflict without be-
ing yourselves the aggressors” Did he
mean what ke said here, or is ‘the Central
Press right in its disquisition on the policy
of the Governinent. We do not wish to
condemn any act of the Administration for
light and trifling causes, yet we must con-
fess that from the light the Press throws
upon this subjcct, we are inclined to the
opimon that the President, in order to make
his words good, shaped his curse so as to
compel them to make the attack; and thus
inaugurate the civil war, which he, in the
same breath, seemed to deprecaté. It does,
indeed. seem as though the present Admin-
istration was anxious to inaugurate this ciy-
il war, yet at the same time, in order, as the
Press says, *‘lo turn the public opinion in
Savor of coercive measures,’ they, by a peice
of stratagem, induced the enemy to make
the attack. Would Fort Sumter have been
attacked, had the rebels not been induced to
believe that it was to be reinforced 2 We
have nothing but conjecture that it would.
Had it not been attacked might not our dif-
ficulties, ere this, have been settled ? If
not, there would to day, have Been a much
better prospect of that much desired result.
Who was in fault of its having been attack-
ed ? Let every candid man read the article
we copy from the Press, and judge for him-
self. This article further explains the first
part of the President’s late Message, in
which he labors zezlously to prove that his
Administration is in no way to blate for
the present very serious state of affairs, and
in which he says. and hich is generally
belicved, that the affair atv Fort Sumter en-
forced the conflict upon tre Governmet.—
Yet 1t does appear from tuis article, that
the President did all he could to hasten that
attack.
Whether this be true or not we do not
know, but when we find such articles in Re-
publican newspapers, we cannot do otherwise
than take it for granted that they are so, un-
til the contrary is shown us. We invite a
careful perusal by all parties, of the Presi.
dent’s Inaugural, his late message, and this
article we copy from the Press, and ask
nothing but the candid judgment of an in-
telligent community, as ‘to whether the Ad-
ministration ih powe? were not anxious to
hasten the confhet by inducing an attack
upon Fort: Sumtet.
fable, and the movers stigmatized as traitors. |
Indications are fot’ wanting that we ‘are
approaching a crises 1n the North—a feafful
crises 'of want'snd suffering in the larg cities
deperident upon comwerce and manufactures
for the sifpport of their populations. The
workingtnen of Philadelphia have had sev-
'eral meetings, quietly petitioning for relief.
In Boston such a meeting was dispersed by
the police, who declared it unlawful ! In
‘this city no meeting of the kind has yet been
held, but our Common Council and our lead-
ing citizens are already moving in this mat-
ter. That great distress exists among us,
is too palpable to be denied for a moment.
Not a day passes that we are not appealed
to by able-bodied men, willing and auxicus
to work, actually begging’ for food! Right
here, on thelittle, narrow, barren island of
New York,"is' an army of nearly a ‘million
persons fo be féd every day! What a ‘well
commissariat 1t must be that does this faith-
fully and regularly ! Yet it has been done
for years, with scarcely a difficulty, by the
‘operation of natural agencies. But on the
‘6th day of November last the Northern peo-
ple, in defiance of the Constitution which
they had solemnly pledged themselves to ob-
serve, banded together and clected a Presi-
dent for the whole country, whose principles
: | were known to be so distasteful to a portion
of it, that he could not get a single vote
therein. That act jarred the social and in-
{ dustrial machinery of the entire country.—
From that very day co this our prosperity
has steadily declined, and affairs are stil
growing worse and worse. A large number
of persons employed as clerks, accountants
carman, porters, laborers, &c,. are no longer
needed. Business is reduced four-fifths, one
of the Republican papers says, butit can
hardly be so b&d as this. Still'it'is énorm-
ous. Those persons, thus thrown out of em-
ployment, have been patiently waiting and
hoping that'PEACE would return, with its
healing Wings to restore onr good times.—
The action of the present Congress, however
has dashed these’ hopes, and at present all is
dark and uncértamn. The mefchant ‘sees
hopeless ruin and bankruptcy staring him
in the face—the working man nought but
want and statvation. Humatie ‘men, power-
less to stop the'wild delusion of the hour
turn if digtnay dnd ask ¢ what is to be lone?’,
Appeal is made to the authors of these ca-
lamities, to the party in power, which has
plunged the country in ene short six months
from a pinnacle of untold prosperity to the
very depths of financial suffering. And
what do its leaders tell us ?
Hear the cold unfeeling words of Horace
Gréely as from his well filled larder he con-
templates the woes his unholy doctrines
have brought upon his country :
«THE ROBUST, SANE MAN WHO
SAYS, ‘I HAVE BEENIDLE FOR THE
LAST THREE MONTHS, AND T AM FAM.
ISHING FOR WANT OF WORK,” CON-
'FESSES HIMSELF AN IMBECILE AND A
'COWARD.”
He then télls hitn ts ‘begorie to the coun-
try, fdr He‘cn "old ‘stit ‘rio prospects'df Bet-
ter times. He says :
** Even should the war be ended this Fall,
there would be no immediate demand for
half our trade: fllen clerks, accountants, &e.
&c. The pillars of the stately but fragile
fabric of American commerce, which towerd
so proudly a year ago, have been not merely
shaken, but toppled over and months, if not
years will be required to set them up again.”
True—too true. We said so then. We
warned the merchants who met at the Ex.
change the day or two before election, and
resolved that Mr. Lincoln must be elected,
what the resalt of it Woald be. Tt was not
ten days after the election before they be-
gan to treihble at what they had done; but
Mr. Greely rubbed his hands and chuckled
with glee, and said, ** Let’s hate a high old
pani3 |” Well we Rave it at last, and it has
about ceased to be & joke. Quict, business
men are bout sick of hard times in ordet
that fools and fanatics may try to carry out
their impracticable theories.
The Present Congress has destroyed the
hopes ¢f thousands, and we only speak &
general sentimer.t when we say that it has
cast a dark and sotnbre cloud over the coun-
try. It has made men anxious. It has
discouraged sotie ; it has rendered many
reckless. They see no chance for peace.—
None can be presented this session, and the
next will not bogin untill December. Where
shall we all be by that time, i, the inquiry
of business men who have thus far weather-
ed the storm by some hook or crook. But
to the laboring classes this inquiry comes
with a crushing weight. Perhaps not less
than two millions, perhaps mote, in the
Middle and New England States are now
either entirely or partially out of employ
ment. A long winter wlll soon stire them
in the face, and nothing to do.
The cld story of telling thos people to go
to the colintry is only another sample of the
utter want of practicle common sense that
the editor of the Tribune constantly displays,
A French Princess when told ** that the peo-
ple had no bread to eat,” at once inquired,
Well, why then don’t they eat cake 2"—
The truth is it is utterly out of the means
of a large pottion of these people to go to
the couritry. But suppose they do get there
it is not an easy matter for a family to set
itself down in the country where there is ém-
ployment. The country just now is by no
means short of laborers, Certainly there
are at least 50,000 less people in New York
to-day than six months since, perhaps 100, -
000, but there are still an imense number
left. How are they to be fed? We feel
that this is becoming a question of no light
import. Itdemands the earnest attention
of our citizens. When hungry men ask for
bread we must not give them a stone, Ini
diviaual charity will not meet the case, —
There must be some kind action, and the
sooner it #3 adopted the better. — A rchange.
17 Incregsing— Our Subscription List.
IT Dito— The National debt.
0 Corn is worth eight cents a bushel in
some parts of Illinois, owing to the block.
ade of the Mississippi.
I~ The Sunbury and Erie Railroad Com-
pany is again swamped. Hadn't our State
better give them another *‘hist 2’
I= Why is President Lincoln and his
Cabinet like the old school doctors ? They
think blood letting the only remedy.
[= It is a quality of revoiation not to go
by old lines or old laws, but to break up
both and make new ones. "—ZLincoln’s
Speech, April 12, 1848.
07= “The Southern ladies see the rebel-
lion all ‘coleur de rose’ mow, but before
very long we fear they will have to view it
coleur de negroes.”—Céntral Press.
{7 The initials of the Speaker of Con-
gress are G. A. G—gag. Gag is a good
fiame for the Speaker of such ‘a Congress,
and for the leader of such 2 party.
{= Will any Republican inform us where
we will find in the Constitution of the Uni-
ted States, the power granted to any one
branch of the Government to legalize the il-
legal acts of another ?
[77 The most effectual thing that has
been tried for years is the blockade. Un~
like its author, it is clear of sectionals]
and operates alike on all parts, North, South,
East and West. : :
IZ" The Flag of Trace—It is very well and
very casy for people who have no relations
in the army, to say that we should have no
flag of truce or cxchange of prisoners, but
if they had a son or brothér'a prisoner, the
case would be difierent. .
[Z= Lincoln acknowledges in his Mdéssage
that he has violatéd his “oath and 'usrped
rights ndt belonging to him, but asks ‘Con-
gress to legalfze'his unconstitutional acts.—
Has Congress ‘the power to do it? 'tVe
pause for reply.
[New Rule for counting Interest.—
The interest of $100, at 7.3 per ct. is just 2
cents a day. The intertest on a $50 treas-
ury note then, is just 1 cent per every hour.
What is the'interest of $500,000,000 for one
day, at the same rate ? Figure itout, boys.
17 The Recrtiiting Officer now here, has,
discovéied that'there are a great tany more:
military mien ih olir midst than “soldiers.—i
Such sounding titles as Colonel, Major, and’
General do well in the army, but just now
the title at hem is rather superfluous—par-
ticularly Colonel. i
IZ= Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Na-
vy, has given orders that none but native
born landsmen will be accepted for our ships
of war. Why this distinction 2 Have not
our Naturalized citizens shown as much de-
votion to the country as native born Ameri-
cans ? 7
07 The Yankee Officers at Alexandria
parade the streets with hegro Women lean!
ing on their arin, and seeking the Smiles of;
the ebons, promising to free thet.—- Central:
Press,
If the above is corrcet, they must enjoy!
thethselves amazingly, éspdcitlly ‘on warm
avs. F
177 The Pittsburg Post, speaking of the!
notorious Abolitionist, Lovejoy, of 1Il., who
a few days since, offered a resolution in
Congress, to inquire into the expediency of
repealing the Fugitive Slave Law, says :—
“If he does not die a trator’s death, he will
fill a traitor’s grave. The Constitution re~
quires the return of fugitive slaves, and he
who svrears to support it and fails in this
point, has broken his oath and stands be-
fore the country and the world a perjurer.”
07 What made the change ? Last Fall
Republican orators and editors told the peo’
ple that ** seventechh Wien And one cow ”
wolld take Virginia, and that 75,000 men]
would whip the “cowardly Soditherners be-
fore breakfast.” According té the calcula-
tions of the present Congress, it Yequires
now $00,000 men and $00,000 000 Motey,
Bitiply £6 « retake the forts ” and “Fetain
possession of the property” claimed by the
United States Government. Will the men
who stumped the State for the Republican
party, acknawledge that they tried to de-
cieve the people ? or must we believe that
the “powers that be” consider their chances
better to-rob the soidiers, pilfer from the
Treasury, and act the “rogue” generally,
with five hundred thousand men to “con-
tract” for, than with a less amount.
er OA errr
Hon. C. L. Valandighan, of Ohio, has
shown in Congress that hé ig neithersa dem-
agogue nor a cowad. Tn gplts of the cry of
*“ traitor lurled at hit by His political er.
emies, and in defiance of the threats of vio-
lence and expulsion made by the Abolition
members, He stands up for his rights, vindi-
cating the freedom of speech and of the press;
and the constitutional right of member of
Congress to form and express independent
views on evty question. The other day he
offered dn amendmeiit that no part of the ar-
my appropriation be used “for subjugating
the South or abolishing slavery,” but it was
voted down. Lt this be rememberd. Mr;
McEKinght; of Pa. sneeringly proposed to
have a Comnutittee appointed to sec if Mr.
V——. was not accredited to the wrong
Congress.” To which Mr. VALANDIGHAN re-
plied with dignified contempt: ‘If the
Gentlenitn wishes to raise a personal issue
with me can do it at any time and place he
chooses.” McKnight cooled down, All
honor to the gallant Varanpigmam.
a —
A volunteer writing from the army, says,
‘“ most of the shirts made for the soldiers
#re froth four to siz inches too short.”
Like a man without a wifo,
Like a ship without a sail,
The most useless thing in life,
I a shirt without a=—
our Present ,
Is it our duty as Christians, and Patriots,
in view of our national troubles, to indulge
in gormandizing, revelry, and all the other
abuses of the bounty of God, (As many of
our fellow citizens have done on the Aniver-
sary of our national Independence) for which,
in part, we are no ddibt suffering the retri-
bution of a just God, as a nation ?
Nay verily not. It is well becoming the
enemies of our country, and those who for-
get, or disregard the bounties of God, to re-
joice and luxusfate over our national calam-
ities, and distress. But let Christians snd
all true patriots, humble themselves before
(God, and in the place of feasting, fast, and
instead of rejoicing, mourn, weep, and pray,
that God (who holds the destiny of nations
in his own hand) may bring peace out of
confusion, and prosperity out of the prostra-
tion of all our national, temporal "interests.
And that our nation may again be one, in-
seperably one, bound together by cords of
love, brotherly affeetion, and’ mutual inter-
est. And that (he foul'spirit of disunion,
abuse, and invading each other’s rights, spir-
itual, social, and political, (which has engen-
dered anarchy, confusion, malice, hatred,
variance, wrath, strife, sedition, heresy,
and called forth all the evil passions of the
human heart, and is arraying brother against
brother, upon the bloody, barborous, field
of battle) I repeat again let us pray, that
this foul, demoniac, anti-christian spirit may’
be banished from our land. It has dethron-
ed reason supplanted christianity, and well
nigh undermined our liberties, religious, so-
cial, and political. Oh, "how unlike the
teachings of our Saviour, are ‘the teachings
now of those who profess to be his represen-
tatives. He says ¢ the weapons of our war-
fare are not carnal, but mighty through God
even to the pulling down of strong holds.” —
They say « if need be we will lay aside our
bibles, gird on the sword, shoulder the mus-'
ket and shootthem down.” He says “ pray’
for your enemies, do good to them who de-
spitefully use and evil entreat you.” They
say ““ no, they must just do what we say,”
or we will wage a war of extermination
against theéth, yes, we'll whip them and.
make them submit.” He says to the soldier
*‘do violence to no man.” They say to the
soldier ** shoulder your musket, shoot all
yo can.” ‘Ho Yaya “teach them to be
subject to the powers that be, for there is
ng power but of God,” and the powers that
be, are ordained of God. Whether they
have taught disobedience to the powers that
be, or not, is between them and their God.
One thing is certain, there has been a grad:
ual, growing, dispositign; to curse the rulers
of our land, instead of praying for them,
and this want of reverence for the authori-
ties, has gone on unreproved so long that
you may even hear boys on the street curs-
ing the highest authorities of the land, if ;
ever we expect fo see our country happy and
prosperous again, there must be a reform in |
this respect, let every parent teach their’
their children to repect the laws, and the
executors of the same. Our Saviour again |
says * thoy shalt not kill and whosoever
killeth shal be in danger of the Judgement.” |
And again * follow peace with all men. — |
At such language many become indignant
and are ready to cry out traitor, hang him
up, or crucify him. Surely if our Savior
were now here teaching the doctrine he
taught while upon earth, he would be unsafe |
in the midst of his professed friends. Nay
his life and doctrines would so condemn
them, that they would not suffer him to live.
But can we expect peace and a restoration
of the Union while the enemies of the Union
pour in their abuse, (in the place of pittying
[and praying for our erring brethren) and cry
‘¢ let them go we can do without them,”
and almost with the same breath say ‘no
they dare not go, we must whip them, and
make them stay;’’ surely here is infatuation.
It is vain for us to pray for peace and pros-
perity, unless we manifest the spirit and
conduct of christians. But if we show a
strong christian front toward our Southern
brethren, it will be more potent, than all
our force of arms in conquering, subdueing,
and making them love and respect us, and a
Union thus established will be permanant
and abiding, whereas if they are conquered
by the force ol arms, they will be enemies
still, and probably have” to be put under
martial law, which will require a standing
army nearly equal the to forcemow in the
field. Let all pray that God may teach our
Senators wisdom. Some will object and say
this policy will not suit the present times,
such we would advise to do as they say lay
aside their Bibles (and no more profess to
be governed by its teachings) and shoulder
their muskets, atid off to the battle field.
A CrrizeN oF MILESBURG.
GrLor10US DEMOCRATIC, VICTORY. —At the
special clection for a member of Congress in
the second Congressional* District, (Phila.)
Col. CnarLEs J. BippLe, the Democratic
Candidate was elected over CHRLES O. NEAL
Republican, by a majority of 217. This is
the first time that a democrat has been clect-
d from this Congressional district: Mr.
iddle, goes to Congress very much against
the wishes of the friends of the present Ad-
ministration. On the evening before the
election a :nass meeting of the friends of
O'neal, the Lincoln candidate, was held,
violent speeches were made dernonically de-
manding biood! blood ! and 1t_was © Resol«
ved. That the issue now presented to the
Second district is plainly whether we shall
compromise with an armed Confederacy. —
The Convention which nominated Mr. Bid-
dle, having openly declared its expectations,
+t That if elected, he would Leads exertions
to conclude r, speedy peace,” afl again, =
The people adopted the issue and declare d
or peace.
UNPAip LrrTeis. —Since the war begun
the number of unpaid letters deposited in the
large postoftices has greatly increased. One
reason that letter writers omit pre-payment
is probably says the N. Y. Times, that the
national fiag now printed on so many envel-
opes is ignorantly supposed to bea proper
stamp.
Report of the Secretary of the Treasury.
According to Mr. Chase’s estimates, tho
whole amount required for the fiscal year of
1862 will be $318.519 581. Of this, $180,-
296,390 is for the War Degartment, and.}..
$30,609,320 tor the Navy—making together,
in round figures, about $211,000,000.
To meet the extravrdinary demand upon
the resources of the county, the Secreta ty
is of the opinion that $80.C00.000 should be
raised by taxation, and $240,000,000 through
loans. As to the manner of raising it, he
recommends such moditcations of the exist
ing tariff as will produce the principal part
of the needed revenue, and such resort to
direct taxes or internal duties as circumstan-
ces may require, in order to make geod
whatever of deficiency may be found to ex-
ist. The sources of revenue most promptly
to be made available are to be sought in the
articles now exempt frum duty or most light-
lyjaxed. He tharefore proposes that a duty
of 2¢¢. por pound be laid on brown sugar, of
3c. per pound on clayed sugar, of 4c. per
pound on Joaf and other refined sugurs, of
13c. per, ppund on the syrup of sugar cane,
of 6c. pound, op candy, of Ge. per gallon on
molasses, and of 4c. per gallon on sour mo-
lasses : and he also recommenda that a duty
of 5c. per pound be imposed on coffee, 15¢.
per pound on black tea, and 20¢. pound on
green tea. :
If these imposts, and certain other modifi
cations in existing duties, which, under the
present tariff, amount to a prohibition, be
passed by Congress, he thinks it may be
safely estimasted that the revenua from’ im-
ports for the present year will amount to
$57,000.000, to whick may be added the sum
of $3,000,000. making the total revenue for
the year $60,000,000 To raiso the balance
of $20,000,000, which will be required to
provide for the ordinary expenditures of the
year, a resdrt either to direct taxation or ins
ternal duties will be necessary. It con be
obtained, Mr. Chase thinks, by moderate
charges on stills and distilled liquors, on ale
and beer, on tobacco on bank-notes, on spring
carriages, on silver ware and jewelry, and on
legacies.
To raise the $24,000,000 that will be re-
quired +o provide for the extraordinary ex
penses of the year, Secretary Chase recom-
mends that Congress should authorizo subs
scriptions to be opened for a natioral lean of
not less then, $100,000 000, to be issued in
the form of Treasury motes or exchequer
hills, hearing a yearly interest of 7 3-10 per
cent, ro be paid half-yearly, and to be re-
deemable at the pleasure of the United States
after three years from date. Among the ad
ditional inducements which this loan would
offer would be the privilege of subscribing
small sums above fifty dollars, and of paying.
them by sewi-monrhly installments of one
tenth—thaus affording the industrial classes a
secure and piofitable investment for their
earnings. In addition to the sums to be
raised by national loan, aud in case it shall
be found inexpedient to provide the whole
amount needed in that way, Mr. Chase pro-
noses that bonds or certificates of deht of the
United States be issued tc lenders in the
country, or in any foreign country, at rates
oot lower than par for sums of $500, $1000,
and $5000 not exceeding in the aggregate
$100.000.000—said certificates to be made
redeemable at the pleasure of the govern-
ment, after a period not exceeding thirty
years, and to bear an interest not exceeding
saven per cent, The remaing $50,000,000
needed to supply the full amount required,
for the service of the fiscal year is to be pro-
vided for by an issue of Treasury notes for
$10 or $20 each, payable ona year from date,
to an aggregate not exceeding the amount
required. These notes will bear interest at
the rale cf 3 65-100 per cent, and be ex-
changeable at will for Treasury notes or ex-
chequer bills, redeemable after three years,
and paying 7 3-10 per cent interest.
: Répbrt of the Secretary of War.
The report states that the total force now
in the fiold is 310,000. Deduct 80,000 for
three months volunteers, and there will still
be an army of 230,000—greater than that
with which Napoleon the Great shattered in-
to pieces the armies of the Powers of Europe
which combined against him.
The following are the estimats of the ex-
penditures, in addition to the appropristions
for the year ending June 30, 1861, for the
troops now in the field, or to be called into it
within the next twenty days :
Quartermaster’s Department, $60,289,200 21
Subsistence Department, 27,278,781 50
Ordnance Department, 7,468°172 00
Pay Department, 67,845,402 48
Adjutant-Generals’s Department, 408,000 00
Engineer Department, 685,000 00
Topegraphical Engineer Departm’t, 60,000 00
Surgeon-General’s Department, 1,271,841 00
Due States which have made advan-
ces for troops, 10,000,000 00
Total, ; $85,206,397 19
Rept of this Secretary of the Navy. =
The totatal number of vessels in the navy,
of all classes, on the fousth of March, was
ninety, carrying, or designed to carry, 2415
uns.
Excluding vessels on the stocks, those un~
finished, those used ns stationary store ships
and. raceiving-ships, (and those: considered
inexpidient to repair, the available force
was :
"Guns,
1 ship of line, 2)
23 ns 400
0 sloops, 406
3 brigs, yo
3 store-ships, oF
6 steam-frigates, 212 )
5 first-class steam=gloops, .. 90
4 first-class side-wheel steamers 46°
8 second-class steam-sloops, it
6 third-clasd serew-steamers, te 28
4 second class side-wheel steamers, rn aS
2 steam-tenders, 4 iis
69 1,46
Of, these the following wero in commission, :
the remainper being in ordinary; dismantled,
ete. : 0
“i
2 frigates, 100
11, sl 5 232
3 stobships, 7
1 sere -frigate, 12
5 first-class steam sloops, 90
3 side-wheel steamers, 35
8 second class steam-sloops, 45
5 shird-class screw steamers, 28
3 side-wheel steamers, 5
1 steam-tender, a
12 558
These vessels had a compliment, exclusive |
of officers and marines, of about 7600 meng.
and nearly all of them were on foreign. stas
tions. The home squadron consisted of,
twelve vessels, carrying 187 guns; and about,
2000 men. Of this squadron only four small
vessels, carrying 25 guns and about 280 men
were in Northern ports.