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TUE ORLY ENIII.IBII RMI3CRAT 1 ` e, NENfi•
PAPER 1 . 11 CRN ag COUNTY..
mires° AND riilll.ls/1111) Nay W,LLIfJUIDAYi In
." 1 ' ,„
tilt
_.. fti , LitiA ,... 4 , ‘•
TIMMS-4.V in adtanae„oi if paid within ell
•,...„ r ~.. *ln be therged on all subserfp•
ko jrtin to the end of thj year.
ADV RTME NTS and Builnena Notices insert
' ed at the meal tmam, and over; description-of
Dr CO MIL r• Xi. x wri ±. xv• 6,-.
REROUTED in the nonteet manner, rit tho -kitten
pekoe, and -with the utmost derpatch. Having
parohased a largo collection of typo, we asap
pared to uthey the drders of our friends.
DEMOCRATIC CICSI-CD
No. 1. Equal and ex,trt jug:it* to aft men of
trAtttivot: dab tor perattoßsote, religious or poi, r.
tai.
No. 2.. Peace, rommeree and honest friend.
an;tkall. 'ration t tYtangtiNs.gili_on eel with
. .
alVs‘sl,-Zis' rigid of States - And Territories to
httriiiter their own domestic affairs.
Ni.. 41. Proedons and eynality, the siiverefguty
of the people, and the right of the majority to
ride tehin their will is misfit utionally expressed.
NO. '6. Beonority in the pith/to erpendstures,
and a menu,/ preservation of publie faith.
.No. 6. Feeed,,„„ o f fierdoin of the
VINT and mewed Attestors of information.
'No 7. t position to all secret political cps:an
t itlilollll. and to at& corruptions in politi a.
M. A. A 'scrod preatrentietitreif ;She Vederal
C o nstitntion,and 110 roligiattPlOote At of re. .
No. 9. -- Nis higkdry. or pridel - P roily; or dis.
tinetivo
11
Usti ansesm Atektne.an 1ti123081.
1V0.14. .11 - 1 .ssrghti
of all.
Thopf_estrealion of thelotstrallmotioh
/owe, aim d the right of a ll fejlitihlic
and thiprdteetion of the Aserrirau fr,oe
No. lf. Oppokalgiuirall rhartes.o d moons,
No. 13. -CI moo* brotherhood gra
rs all—d•rmakipta_Aliwit:Othoirsehyld if
/era.
President's Message.
• f
Fellow-Cifizins of the Senale
.and How of Reprarniatiotf.
The Constitution requires that the Presi
dent shell, from time to time, not only 're.
commend to the etirmitiqmition of cupgress
Such MCIJAIIITBI as hirmay judge necessary
and expedient, but also that he Abell give in
formation to them/ of the state of the Union.
To do this ft y. involves exposition of all
matters in the actual.condition of,the coun
try, dotnesiie or foreign, which essentially
concern the general welfare. While per
forming his constitutional duty in this re
spect. the President does not speak merely
to entikiiiis personal convictions, but as the
erseettairminfeter of the grivernntltiktAns;
bleb by .his position, and called upon by hie
obligations,to scan` with en impar
tial eye the interests of the whole, and of
-ever
interests
of thetnion, its ifgriCulture, mines, menu
facturel , nsr igatinn anileinnoneroe , it is neces
sary only to say that the intern,l prosperity
of the country . , its - contimigus and steady
4011,
ratawell ni public - well-being, at;
test Vie wisdom °flour institutions, and the
rdominant spirit. of intelligence, patriot
u7,lhich, notwithstanding
.. occasionni ir•
regularities of opinion or action resulting
from popular freedbm, has distinguished
and eharsoterised the people of America.
Is the brief- interval between the tenni-
Wks of ihtiest and the commencement of_
the ppereesseennt session of Congress, the poi - AOo
has,been_occupied with.lbettare of se
lecting, fee soother Constitutional term, the
Presibut and-Vics-President of the United
Staten.
.Ther detoriaination of the persons, who
sere of right, or contingently, to preside over
the adiainistrsUbu pf the government, is.
nmilerour system, committed to tho States
and the people. We appeal to theto,-14 , -
their voice prosiouuced in the forms of law,
tO call erbamspever they will to the high post
of Chief kbupstrate.
And thus it is that - Si-the Senatoirrefro
vent-the respective States of the Union, and
tie melnimers of the House of Representa
tives the several oonstituerneic" of each State,
serthe •liresideettr-represents the a
popolatios of the United States. Their a
of hiss is the explicit and solemn set of
the sets sovereign authority of the Union.
It is impossible to misapproliend the treat'
prinelphis, artidh, by their recent politichl
amnia, the people or the United States have
mactimaid and announced.
They have &asserted the constitutional
Sus.* of each and all of the States, of the
Union as States they have adirunslthe con
stitistional equality of each and all of the cit
izens of the United Rtatoa as citizens, what
ever their religion,. wherever their birth, or
theiy resident*: they have maintained tbe
hnielability of the constitutional rights of
• • • • of-the I iiisy
klitflp*lniseed their devoted and unaltera
_,,e ettiohmeut to the Union and to the Con
luautlOn; f-ob i } ecte of interest superior to
idisultjecia deal or sectional controversy,
lie the IMthinartis of the rights of ALI' as.the
sphitandshe eastmee of the litiorty, peace,
and greatness of thetßepublic.!
In king thoihave, at tltio same time,
Ilipphatieally condemned the idea of organ
isle% in these United Status nierrgeograph.
Fottiatti_ 411 - on4alting ietnstile array
slowartentsett other the dlth•rent parts of the
. . 14001 r7.'urth or South, East or West.
ataof this nature fl aught vi ith in
'oulonischief, and which the consider.
:ate' of the people 'has rejected, could
/OS' countenance iii no part of the
'Miner" Ffiad they not been disguised by Hug
giations gaiiiidido in appearance, acting upon
an excited state of the public mind, in.
4 it llolo ,6o bAeausea temporary in their charso
hrto be hoped, tipiruciont in their
i attifritasi
' .Perfeet ifberty et' aisociation for 1;)litoical
**tit, and the widest scope of discussion.
..Ste_theiticiabittLantl_ ordinary elalditioOS of
government in our country. Our institu
tion*„ hatted in the spirit of contidendo in
the hitepigonco and integrity (dike people,
do OiOt forbid citizena either individually or
istionintid tegother, to attack by writing,
speoeltror any other method; short of phy
sical force, the Constitution and the very ox•
'stews of the Unidu t - Under the shelter of
thhigireat liberty, and protected by the laws
tatof the government they assail,
ens have been formed, in somo of
t fie , of individuals, who, pretending
,to fiesk'only to prevent the spread of the In
stitution of slavery into the present or fu
ture inchoate. States of the Union, ale i• rally
Inflamed with desire to change the domestic
Anstitutioni‘it existing States.
, -."..troarxoraiiplish their objects, they dedicate
themseavae CaIOUS tahk of deprcciatirg
the government organization which stands
their *ay. and of calumniating, with in
discriminate hfvective, not only the citizens
of partitrolar States, with whose laws they
tra fault, but all others of their fellew
citizens throughout thq country, who do net
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*titivate with them, in their &catmint upon
the Constitution . ; framed and - adopted by our
fathemAntrchsimingzfor the pnvilegee *hid ;
** l4ll .ra;464simearriu
-. Tr' reverence •
their children. They seek an object whit
they well know.to bo a revolutionary one.
They are perfectly aware that the cling,
in the relative condition of the white en
black races in the slaveholding States, whio
they would promote, is beyond their lawfu
authority ; that to them it is n foreign oh
ject ; , that it cannot be effected by any peace
strumeMality-of theirs ; that forlthem
-and the States of which they are citizons
the wily path to its
.accomplisliment
through burning cities Anid ravaged fields
and slaughtered populations, and all there
most terrible lit. foreign, complicated wit.
civil and servile war ; and that the first ate.
in -,the attempt la the forcible disruption eta.
country embracing in /tor broad bosom
degree of liberty, and ar amount of indi
videal and public prosperity, to which tiler ,
is no parallel in history, and substituting . i
'its place hostile governments, dricen at
and inevitably into mutual devastation; fra
tricidal carnage, transforming the pow peace
ful and. felicitous brotherhood into a vas
permanent camp of armed'inep, like the ri
val monarchies of AuroPc andAttie•
Well knowing that such and such only
ire Siiliicans and the consequences of their
plaits and
. purposes, they endeavor to Jrn
pare ffie peopre the - United' Sfaleifor eiird
war by doing everything in their power to.
. • 've the.. Cenatitutinn _anti thet. lawaLof
moral authority, and .to undermine the fa t
trio of the Union fir &Mien's, &pinion Ind"
sectional prejudices, by indoctrinating its
Asode with reciprocal hatred, and b
e y, edu
cating tbeiri — iff stand face to fees ax en
etnies, rather than shoulder to shoulder as
friends.
It is by.the agency tirsuch , unwarranta-
Alio interference, foreign .and domestic, that
the minds of many, otherwise good citizens,
have been so 'inflamed into the passionate
condemnation of the domestic institutions of
the :3 mtlicrn States, es it length to pass in
sensibly to alinost equilly passionate hos
tility towards their fellow-citizens of • those
States, and thus finally to fall into tempo
rary
fellowship with the avowed and active
("teatime of' the Constitution. Ardently at
tached to - liberty in the abstract, they do not
stop to consider practically how the objects
they would attain ear be accow.plished,,enor
to reflect that, even if the evil were as reef
as they deeds it, they have no remedy to
epp_l2 . ,...and that it can be only aggravated by
their violence
A question, .which is one of the most M
oult of all the problems of social institution,
political economy and statesmanship, they
reit — with unreasogLbte fhplfipitrPtit - -•
thought and fangnsfe.' "Extremes beget VS
tremes. Violent stuck film the North finds
Its inevitable emits:pence in the growth of
a spirit of angry defiance at the South.
Thus in the progress of events we had mach
id that consummation, iehielv - the - vielee of
the people has now so pointedly relstked,of
the attempt, of a portion of-the State., by a
sectional orgauizalten and movement, to
usurp the control of the gove'rhment of the
Lifiltell States.
I conffkntily believe that the great
body of those who inconsiderately took this
fatal step are sincerely attached to the
Constitutlfin and the Union. They would,
upon deliberation, shrink with unaffected
burrorfrom any consious act of-disurriem or
civil war. But they -hare altered into a
path, which leads nowhere, unless it be to'
ais4t. war and disunion, and which has no
other possible outlet. They here proceeded
thus far in thtt direction in consequence of the
succesaire stages of their progress. having
consisted of A series of secondary issues,
each of which professed ..to be confined
within constitutional and peaceful limits,
but which attempted indirectly what few
men were willing to do directly, that is, to
lob aggressively against the constitutional
rights of nearly one-half of the thirty-one.
States.
- -
In the long series of acts of indireCt ag
gression, the. first wax the strenuous agita
tion, by citizens of the Northern Sjates, in
Congress 111111
. out of it, of the question of
--remancipation in the Southern Status ;
esecond step, in this pith of evil con
sisted ofacts of the people of the Northern
States, and in several instances of their
governments, aimed to facilitate the escape
of persons held to service in the Southern
States, and to prevent their extradition when
reclaimed according to law and in virtue of
express provisions of the CA:institution. To
promote this object, legialativ,e enactments
and other means were adopted to takeaway
or defeat rights whichthey nalitutio.„P sot'
etnnl guaranteed. IrPordar to nnlify'the
e e tilting act of Vongress,
the extradition of fugitives tom ter ioti laws
were enacted in many States, forbidding
their of hers, under the severest penalties,
to participate in the execution of any itet-Of
I.lMgreinrvetis , .. , or.
In this way that system of. harmonious
cooperation between the authorities of the
United States and of the several States, for
the maintenance of their doennion institu
tions Which existed in • the early
_years of
the %Republic., was dedroyed ; contljai of
jurisdiction came to he` - frequent; and Cop.
gross found itself compelled, foillie Support
of the Constitution, and the vindication of
its power, to authorise the appointment of
new officers charged, with,the execution of
its acts, as if they . mid the oflicers of the
Status • were the lowistcrs t _respentively, of
foreign governments in a state of mutual
hostility, rather than fellow magistrates in a
common country, peacefully subsisting un
der the protection of one well-Constituted
Union. Thus here, also, aggression was
followed by faction ; and the attacks lippn
the Constitir ion at this point did but set*,
to raise up-new-barriers for Its-defeueo,aud
security.
Tito third stage of this unhappy . section
al controversy was in counection with the I
organization of territorial governments, and
the admission of new States into the Union.
When it was proposed to admit the Slate of
Maine, by separation 4 : territory Ilona that 1
of,Massachusetts, anfitthe State of Missouri, i
formed a portion of e territor ceded it
France to the Ifinifo'd the
States, repr y
esentatives y
in Congress objected to the adinission of the
llnlesis with itonditions suited to par
ticular views of public policy. The impo
sition of such a condition was successfully
resisted. But, at the name- period; the
question was presented by imposing-restric
tions upon the residue of the territory ceded
.11-14auce. The question was, for the
disposed of by the adoption or a geogriiiill:"
kid lino of limitation.
In this.connexion it should not be forgot
ten that France, of her (Aril accord, resolved,
for considerations - of thd,
,inost far-sighted
sagacity, to cede Louisiliss , to the United
4
VVEDITESIV
,Slites, and that accession tViLFI accepted by.
the United States, the latter • Sly en:
d that "theinhatillA th'
nti 4[-
'ineotteriir • •
.the 'Wed States,-and admitted as soon as
possible, according to the
the
of the
Federal Constitution, to the enjoyment of all
the rights, advantages, end immunities of
citizens of the United, States ; and in the
meantime they shall be mantained and pro
tected in the free enjoyment of their liber,y,
property; and the religion which they pro
fess '—that is to say, While ii remains in a
territorial condition-, its inhabitants are
mantained and proteoted in the nee enjoy.'
eggnt of their liberty and property, with a
right thgn to piss into the conditie • of
States on a fuming of perfept equality with
the original States. The ecactment, which
established, the, restrictive geographical lino,
waS AcqUietzodin__ll9o9l:!han approved by
the Stites of the Union. It S . tood on ties
number
of
40048 E: however, fbr a• number
of years ; and the people of the respective
States acquipmAiri the re-esactment of the
priaciple as sapped to the State of Texas ;
and it was propotiod to iiicquiesce in its fur
ther application to -tbe-territery acquired by
the United States from Mexico. But this
proposition was suocessfully.resiited by the'
representatives from the Northern States,
who, regardless of the statue line. insisted
upon applying restriction to the now terri
tory generally, whether lying . north or south
iir it, thereby repeattuk has 4. 1.6:4.13.6.,
compromise, and on the part of the north,
perslefently_ vitiating Owe compect, if cont.
Thereupon this enactment Ceded tii.lisve
firer efts
virtue in any sea - ' whether •as
re the Nolh•or the ; a d so in,
: - .. .. i ' tett My ortre
admission of the State of Callfbrnia, and the
organization of the Territories of New Mex
ico, Utah, and Washington.
Such was the State of this question, when
the tiros arrived fair the organization of the
Territonea of Kansas and Nebraska. In the
progress of constitutional inquiry and reflec:
tion, it had now at length come to be seen
clearly that Congress does not po . sess Con
stitutional power tr impose restrictions' of
this character upon any present or future
Stale of the Union. In a long "cries of ;la-
Melons, on thefullest argument, and after
the most deliberate •consicleration, thO Su
preme Court of the United States had finally_
determined this point, in every form under
which the quistion could arise, whether as
affecting public or private rights—ln ques
tions of the , publfe domain, of religion, of
iie - th - galkdi and of Servitude. *I --- '
The several States of the (Union am, by
force of the Constitution, co-equal in domes
tic legieflative power. Congress cannot
• • irtaw — of - donsestio eelstlo,r in the
State of Maine ; no more can it in the State
of Missouri. ,Any statute whichproposes
to do this is a mere nullity ; It takes away
no right, it conferesione._ lilt rhitudnis oa
ths .statute book unrepealt;el, Ti remains
beadon of warning to the egia •• an. 1. ,
' statesmen. To repeal it will be only to re
move imperfection from the statutes, with
out sheeting, either in the arse of permis
aim' o r of prohibition , the 'fiction of the States,
or of their citizens.
itkiliewhen the nominal restriction of this
nature, - already a dead letter in law, was In
terms repealed by the last Congress, in a
clause of the set organizing the Territories
of -Kimertft-lowl-NebrafilWllatt--repeal-- if 7
made the occasion at a. spreadand dan
gerous agßation.
It was Wedged that the original enact
ment being a compinr of perpetual moral
obligation, its repeal constituted an odious
breach of faith.
An act of , Congress, while it remains un
repritled, more especially. if it be constitu
tionally - veiled in the judgment of those
public fnuctimiarfes Whose duty it is to pro
nounce on that point, is undoubtedly loud
ieron the conscience of every good citizen
of the Republic. But in whit sense can it
bo asserted that the•enactment in question
was invested with perpetuity and entitled
to the respect of a solemn compact "f• ' ••
t,
Between whom waa the. coin sip( i No
distinct contending powers of. govern
ment; no operate sections of Union,
treatiogyawsuch, entered into t ty atipu•
battens on the subject. It watt ii Mere clause
of an_ act of • Congress, and Illeo holy other
controverted matter of legisialn i , received
a Anti *ape and was cohipn?-
mise ,Of..the conflicting opinian or senti
ments of the members of Congress. But if
it had moral authoritykovermen'a conscien
ces, to whom did this authority • attach 1—
Not to those of the North, who had repeat.
eill.r refused to confirm it, by extension, and
win) had sealoiralyTiliiiin to estalibili other
jest. And if, as it thug appears, the sup
posed compact had no obligatory force OA to
the Nerelt,-of course it could not hive had
any es-to the_South.lor all snob compacts
. •-- • mutual And .of_rocipnicsi„obin - ate I
tion• .
It has not inifrequently happened' that
law giTtfl with undue catimatkm of the
value of the fioar they give, or in the view of
imparting to it peculiar strength, make it
perpethal in terms ; but they 'cannot thus
bind the ronaelence, the judgment, and the,
- will or those . ho may succeed them, inves
ted with rimilar responsibilities, and clothed
with equal authority. More careful iitve,t
tijiAtion may prove the law to be unsaved in
principle. Experience may show it to be in
pm feet in detail end impractible in execu
tion. -And then lsitlaeageriand right coin=
bino not ine;al , i to jdatity, but•to require its
repeal. I'
The'Conatittition, supremo as it la over all
the departments of the government, legisla.,
five, executive, and judicial, is open to
amendment by 144 very terms ; and Con
...grtsis'or--gms,Skatchtinsty, is _their ilkeretion ? ,
lifoPiise amendment to it, Hotel= - emnpact
though it in truth is between the sovereign
Status of the Union. In the present in
' stance, a political enactment, which hail
ceased to have legal power or authority of
any kind, was repealed. 'rho pouttion as.
sumod, that Congress, had no morel right to
enact such repeal ? was strange enough, and
singularly so in view of the fact, that the ar
gument came from thotie who openly refused
obedience to existing laws of the land, hav
ing the cams popular desipation and quill;
ity as compromise acts-may, more ; who
! unequivocally disregarded an d condenmel
the most positive and dbligatory injunctions'
of the Constitution itself, and sought,.. by
every means within their reach, to deprive a
portion of their fellow-citizens of the equal
enjoyment of those .rights- , arid privileges
guaranteed alike to all by the fundamental
compact of our Union.
- This argunielit against the repeal of the
statittli line, in question,' was accompanied
by another of congeoiaLcharacter, and
equalli with Os! Grfteird .. : ';`;').
, nda.-
I ticanin:reassto ..a truth . ' , lis . inttsto tcd
rir 49 , ll6 el gt*i f
on viten stg milts o lave labor
beyond those previously assigne to it, and
that such watt its natural as well as intend
ed effect ; and these baseless reetymptions
were made, in , the northern Stioth„ the
ground of unceasing attack upon ,Oolintitti
tional 'riglit.
' The repeal in terms of aalatutel which
was already Obsolete, and also null for un
constitutionality, could have no Influence to
obstruct or to promote the propagation of
conflicting views of gothic*, or social insti
tution When the act organizing thieTtiri
tonies of Kansas and Nebrakka was_intssed,
the inherent act upon that portion of the
public domain thus mend to legals settle
ment, was to admit settlers from hill_the
States of the Union alike, each with luacon
victiohiffillittblic policy itartriterr
est; them to be :found in Piair &twilled;
subject to such limitations is the Constitu
tion and acts of Congress 'Might prescribe,
new States, hereafter to be-admitted Into the
Union,. It was a free field, ones alike to alt,
whether the statute line of assumed restric
tion were repealed or net. That repeal did
not open to free competition of diverse opm ,
ions and domestic institutions,'it field which;
without such repeal, btve been closed
against them ;it found -field of
.00mpe
etch,.
'aim Already opened, - t and tillase.
.All. the-I,opml iliti r was-terkeentiftlitiiiiiit•-,
book 'of an ohjectionableirnactment, urcoti-
stitu ' nal in effect, sugg i tions In to to 1
i or the - - - —_,
- 1 11l t a Pilet, that, in la 011100111411Pre , r 1
gions thsUnitediStates, II erivirstlon'be
• left Incein aft iii thiseespectfar_inselforitk--
outlettallnalbitions on either . Ride, slave
later :Wit spontaneously go ererywheie in
preference to free labor? In it the fact. that
the peculiar domestic institutions of the
Southern States possess relatively so much
of vigor, that, wheresoever an avenue is
freely open to all the world, they will pene
trate, to the exclusion of those of thy-North
ern States 1 Is it the fact, that the firmer
enjoy, compared with the latter, such irre
sistibly superior vitality; independent of eft:
mate. soil, and all Mbar socidellitat itltrcum
stances; as to be able to jeolince the sup
pvecd result, in spite of the assumed moral
and neural obstacleirto its accomplishment,
and of the nine numerous population of the
Northern States 1
Of course, time' imputations on the intim
, bons of Congress in this respect, draceived
as they Were, in prejudice, and diasemina
la iti passlanT are utterly destitute of any
,
justification in. the =Anil _ofthinga, and
'oontrary to all the fundamental doctrines
and principles of civil liberty sad self-goy.
I tratwuut.
The argument of those Who .a4lvoriate the
enactment of new laws of reStlifetiOn and
condemn the repeal of old ores, in -
aver tlutt theirparticular...Sews _ot govern
ment have no self-estentling or sett-tut ain
hurAntoteroLikirPTALlPA_ eve
MEI
if (*.ingress dO but pause for w moment in
the policy of stern oocreion, if it venture to
try the experiment of leaving anon go judge
f o r themselves-what institutions will best
Suit them; if it be not strained up to per
petual legislative exertion on this point, if
tbnizress procerid thus to act in the very
spirit of liberty, it is at OWN charged-with
stet-ng - to extend Sim labor into aloha new
Tereitovieeof -the Unite]. &alet.
While therefore, in general, the_ peetdo of
the Northern - Statca have never, at any time,
arrogated - the the fhderal - government - dm
power to interfere wjth the donteatio •comdi.
lion of persons in the -Southern Wales, but
on the contrary have disavowed all Midi in,
tendons, and hiverdwunk from conspicuous
affiliation with those few who pumine their
fanatital nkicietia iribwedly dircogbthe , con
templated means of revolutionary change of
the government, and with sompanceef t .the
necessary conseguencel—a cvi ined.MTvile
war—yet many eitigens have auflbeetthem-
Mire, to be drawn into One, evanescesdr,-;po
li beat issue after another, apperta in ingiolhe
rune set of opinions, and which subsided as
rapidly as they arose when it came
seen, as it,unifonnly did, that they were in
compatible with the odmpacts of. deo 'Gen
stinition,and the existence of the Union.
Thus, when the acts of Mini) of the States
to nullify the existing "extradition itn
posed upon Conti-cm the duty of pissing a
new one, the country was invited by aipis.
tors to enter into party organiutioa for kw
; but that agitation speeinty ceased,
by reason of the impracticability of its ob.
kct. - So, when the Statute restriction upon
the institutions of new Staten, by- a geo
graphical line. had been ripened. tbe coun
try was urged to 3 Gresto and
. shin died -aimed yak
Then followed the cry or alarm front de
North against imputed Sehtheien enerorMiw
ments • which cry spraugsn teddy from the
s.itit of revolutionary attack on ho dower
14CApe Aoutiklbit, after-a
trout ed e istenee of a , 44 111131'
been rebuked by the voice of a patriotio
IH/ 0 1 40 . •
Of this last atrition, one lamentable fea
ture was, that it Wait carried on at the itn..
mediate expense of the poacoasul happiness
Aker Teeple of the Territory of linnitea.
That was Made..ihtiettle,flold, riot'so much
of opposing fat:liars or interests within it
self, as of the conflicting passions of the
whole people of the United Stales. Revo
lutionary disonler in KallSlll4 had Its nrigirr
it/pakten:lnt inter en ti on d v ijjk%kely or
vinget by certain members'eithatUongreirs,
which enacted the late fertile orgniiirldion
of the Territory% • And when propagandist
colouisation of Kansas had thus bean under
taken in one section of the Union, for 'the
ildetriatie promotion of its peculiar vie ws
o
of policy, there ensiled, as a matter of
course, a counteraction with opposite views,
iii ot7ic~ secUousbrderridiin.
In consequence of thestt end °Uwe...inci
dents, many acts of disorder, it is undenia
ble, havi been perpetrated In Kansas, to the
occasional interruption, realer than the per- ,
manent suspension of regular government.
Aggressivb and most reprelictisilite incur
sions into, the Territory, a[cire undertaken,
both in tho,North and South, and entered in
on its northern border by the way of lowa,
as well as on the eastern by way of, Mis
souri, and there has existed within it-st stale
ot•intiltrrtation agsiAst the eonstitutional au
thorities, not Witharit, countenance from in
eorMitlerate persona in each of tho great sec
tions of tho Union. • •
But the difficulties in that Territory linty°
been extravagantly exaggerated for thm,pur
poses of political agitation elsewhere. The
nambei• and gravity of the acts of violence
ltavo boon ntotgnildeti, partlyiaAtittpn'entl
entirely untrue, and partly by reltbrat s evi'aC.;
count of the'tlifliOximors or (acts.
Thus the territory W 13,u,iu, efolpiugly
1 1 7 . ,,MECEMBER 10, 1850.
tilled with extreme violence, when the whlsle
amount of such acts has not been greater
tiltiiie before to iiw
single citietito the regret of all good citizens.
but without being regarded 118 of general or
permanent political consequences.
I,opmcdirregularities in the elections held
in Kansas, like occasional irregularities of
the Same descjiption in the Stales, were be
yond the sphere of action of the Executive.
Bat incidents of actual violence or of organ
ised obstruction to the law, pertettaziotbly
renewed from time to time, have been met
as they occurred. by such means as were
available and as the circumstances requited
and nothing of thin charaCter now remains
to effect tie general 'peace of the Union.
The attemptof a part of the inhabitants
of the Territory to erect •-re.volationary gory
element, though sedulously encouraged and
snpplied with pecuniary aid from active
ngerdwofittoorderitrwmnizifthafitittertar
ofiaspletely filled. Bodies of armed men,
foreign to the territory. have been proven.
ted Iy:ern entering or compelled to leave it., 1
,Predatory bands, engaged in acts of
pine, under eover of .the existing .political
diettirbances, have been arrested or duiPers
ed: And every well dispdited person is-no
enabled once more to deveths himself in peace
to the pursuits pf prosperous industry, for
prosecution of which ho undertook to
spate in the settlement of the Territo
_ _
1 7-
rit-allorttame ugmin nt-eatis . faction
to announce the peaceful condition of things
in Kansas,especi .10naideeing the means
, to V -40 - hrmeemetenbe
•
cmployMent s piltrilef the fo r ce of
' the-United Statok-- -
The ivithdtitsral of that, forte from ti prop
er duty of defending the country against ,
foreign foes, of the savagetrofthriTrontitw, to
employ it for the suspension pf-,domestic.in
surrection, is, when the exigency occurs, •
matter of the most earnest solicitude. On
this occasion of imperative necessity it has
been done with the best results, and my sat
isfaction in the attainmentOrsuch results by
such 'mans is greatly enhanced, by the con
sideration, that, throtigh the wisdom 'arid
energy of the preseht ixocutive•vf Kansas,
and the - prudence, firmness and vigilance of
the militltry tinkers on duty there, tranquil
ity luni been restored without one drop of
bleed .having been_ shed in its ocoomplish
merit by the tomes of the l; kited States.
The resittfation of comparative tranquili
ty in that Territory furnishes the means of
obierving calmly, and - appreciatint at their .
jest value, the events whiel, have-occurred
there l and the discussions of which the gov
ernment of the Territory has been the sub
ject. •
_thate. 11. $
in; its future domestic institutions was in
esitahle ; that ao human prudenoo, no form
of legislation, no wisdom on the part, of Con.
grow, could have lovventad this.
•it u Ws to suppose that the particular
woris . of their o hip - Were - .the
but the occasion, or the pretext of an
tion, which wp.s inherent in the nature o,(
things. Congless legislated upon the sub
ject in such terms as were most cinusoitant
with the principle of popular sovereignty
which underlies our government. ft could
mit have legislated titheriiise without deing
violence to another greatimuciple of our in
gitutions,the inprescriptible right of equali
ty_of the several States.
We bcreviee, also, that inliresfa
and party passions, halo been the great im
pediment to the salutary operation of the
organic principle S adopted, and the chief
cause of the successive disturbances.in Kan
sas, ' The assumption that, because in the
organization of,the Territories of Nebraska
andKatisas. etutt,"'•xerts abstained. fronrim
posing restraints upon them to which certain
' other Territories had been subject, therefore
disorders occurred in the letter, Territory is
emphatically contradicted by the Set that
none have occurred in the former. These
disorders were not tho consequence, in Kan.
sesta the freedom of Self goreenmeit con
ceded to that Territory by Congress, but of
- unjust interferofico on the part of persons
not itiliabiquita of the Territory. Such in
terference, wherever it has exhibited itself,
lv,acts of insurrectionary character, or of
onstructien to processes of law,'has been re
tuned or suppressed, by all the means which
the Constitution and the laws place ha the
hands of the Executive.
In those parts or tho United States where
by reason of theintlamed state of the public
mind, false rumors and misrepresentations
have the 'greatest currency, it has been 118-
Sinned that it was the duty of the ig.ucuthro
noutily to. sultPrclKinsurrectioitery move.
ments in Kansas, but also to see to the reg.
-ularitit.of lama 4c4•Licrue...A.tamods_iittitar-,
gurneut to show that . the President has no
Hurl' power. All goventment in the United
States reels substantially upon popular elec
tion. The frocdeta4Lnisctious is liable to
umattelt_ttilfer_ unlit - Wild
votes, or the extlitsioliorliair ones, Vy
improper iniltienetst, by violence, or by fraud.
Butt the people of the United States nee,
themselves, the guardians of
their own rights, and to suppose that they
will not remedy, in duo season, any sitch in
cidents of ditil freedom, is to suppose them
to have eet . ist'4l4o ho capable of self.goeern
mind. The President of the United States
has not power to intettpost, in elections, to
sec_ to their freedom, to canvass their vote,
or to j nag Minn Their leffalltritthercrrito
ries any more than in the States. If he had
such power the government might he repub—
lican in form, lad it mould be monarchy in
suer ; R11(1 if ho had undertaken to exercise
it in the'osse of Ka.iirsic - hb would have teen
justly subject to the charge of usurpation,
and of violation of the dearest rights of the
people of the United States.
llnwlite laws, eau ally with irrettilite.,lol at
- elect i ons, are; i u pertaiiOrgiVaTex6reined.
the occasional incidents of ever, the n ves t
sndpeatholltical institutions, But all ex
perience demonstrates that in a oountry lilfe
ours whore the right of self constitution ex
ists in the completest, form, the nttempt to
remedy unwise legislation by resort to revo
lution, is totally out of place ; inasmuch as
oxisting legal institutions affbni more prompt
sad efficacious moans fir the. redress. Ot
wrong. , .
confidently trust that now, when the
peaceful condition of Kansas alien's oppor.
tuttity for calm refleotion and wise legisla
tion, either the legislative assembly of the
-Turritory,or of Cengress,w ill see that no act
shall remain on its statute book violative of
the
. provisions of the Constitution, or sub
verstvo of the great objects for which that
was ordained and ClitßibliShoootlld will take
I all other necessary steps to assure to Its 11 17
lishitants the enjoyment, without , obStriat-
Lion or abridgement, or all the constitutional
rights, privilepa, invounitioa of, 'citizens
of. the, _United States, se conttiniphited by
oftbilerritory. ,
-01ashlan'oalli nelation-- toi •
I events in this Territory will lie found in the
documents communicated herewith from the
Department of State and War, .
.1 refer you. to the report of the Secretary
of the Treasury for particular information
concerning the financial condition of the goy.
emmunt, and the various branches of the
public ttervice connected with the Traiteury
Department..
.Luring the last 'fiscal year the recvipts
from customs wore, for the first time, more
than
~f 6 , 1,000,0011, and from all sources.
373,918,141: which, with die ba/lanre on
hand _up to the latnf July, 1855, made the
the total resources of the yenr to 'amount to
/192.850.1.17 expeaditures, including
$3,000,000 in execution of the treaty with ,1
Mexico, and excluding sums paid nn account
11 , ft.132,-
401; and including - the latter, to $72,945;--
792, the paymeit on this account having
amounted to 812,778,390. ,
On the'4th of March, 1853; the amount of
the public debt. was 1109,129.030. There
was a aphisenuent increase of if , 1,758,0:)0 for
the debt of Texas--usakhig a total of 871,-
879,83 r. Of this the sum of 845%525,319;
including premium, has been discharged,
reducing the delft to $30,737,121: nil which
might be paid within a . year without 'embar
rassing-the pubtieservietri but bring not yet
- sud only-redmasahl•-attltheoption--
the holder, cannot lick pressed to• payment.
by-the tor erpmen • - „
five years, Itbe Oren thilm averige,
deducting payments on eel:mutat of the pnb
, • • 41.1.0.0011ASLpaid..by_tmt
Maxicerhas been'but about /48,000,000.
It is believed that, under an economi cal ad.
ministration of the government, the average.
expenditure .fer the imaging five years kill
not-exceed that MID, cutlass extraordinary
°cession for its inereasesilsould occur. The
axtis granting bounty:Lies will soon have
been executed, while thitpLatension of our
froutiet,settlemcnts wal4eltiac a continued
demand for lands anifigtimerited receipts
prol ably, Iron) that source. These constd•
eration will justify a reductior, of the mire
nue from cowmen, so as not to exceed :
000,000 or 050,000,000, I think chi. •7 4 '
geney for such reduction is imperative. and ,
again urge it upm the consideration of Con
"mem
Tho amount of redaction; is well as , Shc .
manner of *Meting, it, are questions of great
anq 'general interest ; it being - essential to
indusaf - entotprisa• Ind the public promper
ity, as well as the dictate of obylottainstice..4
that the burden of taxatillh be made to ti;sl
as equally as pos si ble upon all classes, and ,
AlLsodiant_intvrsatitsetamskutrs•
I hare heretofore recommended to your
eousid,esratiem the reriaion of the revenue'
laws, prepared under, the directintt of the
Secretary sie the Treasury, and also legisla
tionupousoine special Nuestions affecting
'the b usiness of 'that department, more
thu„ynagimcnt , 2f a law to punish
thei ALM:wade ot o*llT Gantt or papers
from the files of the ',Wrernment, and re
quiring all snch books and papers and
other public property to be turned over by
the out-going &Weer to his successor a
law requiring disbursing Of f icers to 4leposit
all public money in the vaults of the treasury I
or in other legal depositifrieg. Wheic the
same are conviently accessible : and, a law
to extend fluffing penal provisions to all
persons who may become possessed of pub
lic money by &posit° or otherwise, or
who shall reface or neglect, on due'demand,
to pay the same into the treasury. I invite
your attention anew tot, ach of these projects.
The artily during the pist year has been
so constantly employed agginst hostile !wil
ing in various quarters, thit it can sea may
said, with propriety of language, to love
been a peace establishment. Its ditties have
barn satisfactorily performed, and we have '
,
reigon to expect, as o result of the year's
operations, greater siturite to the frontier
inhabitants than has been Eitlwrte enjoyed.
Extensive combinations among the lin ,tile
Indians of the Tel n Lurie., of Washington and
Oregon at one time tin entem d the devasta•
Lion of the,,peuly foamed settlements of that
remote portion of the-country. FIVIU re Ttit
information, we aro permitted to hope that
tiro ettergeiio and successful oper.itions coif
ducted there. will prevent such combinations
in ft Lure, and secure to those Territories
an opportunity, to make steady progress in
the aevelopmeut of their agricultural and
mineral resources
Legislation lias been recommended by the
on'preeioun occasions to cure dere As in the
eaisting organization, and to inereaso the
ellteieney of the •Puty, and further ohaerva-
Lion has but SCl'Ved to confirm me in the
views then eTpresleil. and to enforce on lily
- Mind The tiairiEtion that illirtimeloruree are
not only proper but ,oceesaary.
I have, in ndddion, to invite the attention
of Congress to a change of policy in the diS
trillutityn cif - troops, and tq the ttreeß s ll,l l Y4
providing a room rapid ineitutse of the t-
tary ntroament.
For do ails of these sad other:-oluceig relu ,
tiog to the artny. 1 teler to thq r e p o rt, of
the Secretary of War.
The condition of the 1n vy ix out, inertly
iiatigifactory, bat othibits the mast gratify
0k evidences of iorresged vii(or. As it is
comparistivily sortil, it is moan „important.
that it should be as co: 1 1140e lag possihlu in
all the i•leinents olutrength : that it shoulil Provision %%as wa g e, in the first arils* of ..
lie eflieient in the eltsmeter of its ravers, that. treaty, for a courant-s . to deubpasto
in the zeal lull diiiplin i
oof ts mon, i- the the mouths of rivers to which the common ,
reliability of its orduaneo. multhe_capteltg right of ilitheryi.Ott.lLuLeousinif.....ttla Va k l4ol l- ,
of its slii , o si. lii till these various qualities Stattiit awl the itiitisli Pforiftqtal was not ttr :
the navy 11144 made great propess within the extena. This coon/16,4cm liM bl'Cliqiiiploy• ..
last ;ow years. The eveetation of the law of ed a part of - two seasons, but Withonlostoch z
Cungres.i, of February lith, 1855, "to pr.o- iirogr,at4 in a •einitplishing the objeet,llfr - '
mote the elfle.oney of the navy," has been which it an.: instituted, iii Conseil/temp ore '
attended 'by the most advanta4ootts results. serious difference. of opinion between : le . /Ip,
The haw for discipline among the commission( r. , ,, not • only as to the preemie_ ...
orm - hr 0 oi.enirnt andto Intary. perint,wherr the - rivcrs to i rob., {gat hi milt
...,
The system of g, sluing an lionorabliS ilis- ny instal ices as to what . oonstitotes,a 4*.0.' 0
char g e to faithful seamen oft rho expiration These ditibulties, howev e r; pray preyed,"
of the period of their enlistment, and lux- by resort to the timpirage prratelloOr bir
milting them to re-onlist" after ii leave 'Of the treaty.
, .
a row found's, withoht cessation of pay; is The efforts perseveringly oroorcittOlfhit,
highly bene fi cial in its in fl uence. The ap- t h e eamme4 „,„ cet , e r, 4 “ .e a a er ,„44 00 4 91 , 4 ,
prentice system rixiently adopted is evident- relieve our trade to the lthltile , erinortlipz 4
ly destined to incorpemde into the service e ethmor sound does by Ittiplosirl4 WO, ,:
largo number of our countrymentithtrto so yet lien attended wit: - '
di fficmlt to fracmr. Several him lied AmerionO moments have Also st
boys are uowon a three-years' cruise in our re n e ft e th e ir- eumetem
national ressels,mil will return well train '« thuS induced ta propose_
seamen. In the Ordinance &pertinent there nil t h e Euroiftbo. Par
is ade eidedamtgratifyingindication of Pro- me hr ee t ; An d 4 10 . 01.
grout creditable to it - antis the eountry: , ==;,,iiitl e if'i vas ' i4,i t ivv,
The migrations of the Seoretary of' the th eve th a t , e . e i s fs e i
Navy, io,mard to hurdler improveMent in th em co uld soon b e
that branch of the ,aervice, 1 oouunend to strong appeal to thf'
your favorable action. , . nary suspension et;
. .
The new frigates ordered by Congress are meonsl&rdtionof t
now afloat, and two of them in active sferifce. migliK r reituft 16:hei
They are superior mule* of_ • tumill firohltet• bi pa itlroiailito 2, ,
tare, 4114 wiertheir Ihru#Obto batteiy Jim - vith tiet,ttitt'alirit
• I .
•.. 1 . •
. .
largely.to Oldie strength and soctirity., ,
1 concur la: thtt"6lrwle . axPas*l4,-b, Alto:. ,
'Setweeary of the Pepeetmoot in favonaf 147 . : I •''
StilifilithOr ittereasu of our naval force. •
The report of the Secretary of the Interim. '‘:
presents facts and l+iews in relation to inttr;
tataffairs over winch the iupcvs ction .11 hi-0
de rmunt l X ttl/di, ti LIBUI.:11 il/ , ,the*t. glad
hill KXI. 2 / I Ce• • '
i,
•
The aggregate salt s of the public 141/41.4.
llUriq the heat fiscal year, amount tO ...'
227,8 • 8, &croft : for which twit been received,
lhe sum of 58,821.411_.. Ddring.- thst spike •
period there hive been lof sled, with tnilitliEry
scrip, and laud warrants, and' for ether; pur
poses, :30,101),.0.0 acres, thud making a total
-aggregate of 39028,180 terry. . On the 30th
of September last, surveyz had been made of
16,873.699 acres,s large proportion of which
is rtudy for market.
The suggestions In this report in reb„.
Ifilld., - "Witillatieti 'mild iiirogiett - pitli%
Rion of "the Wiliness of 'the **rent bares:,
of the department ; to the Pension 'ottani:
to the colonization of Indian tribes, and the
recommendation in relation to various isle.
provernents in the District of COlutrabliCifo, -
especially cominumled to your considellt,,,
. The report of the Postmaster GerateallWo4„ ".'
sents fully the Condititm-o446abalepartbstrna'
of the government. Its expenditures her the
lastliszal year. were 8.10,407,868, and Its
crofts receipt, 87,620,801—making an excess
oforpentlitttre over receipts- of 2-R87,040
Thoileileteney- ef-thin tirptertmorre-io- Alter
s74.l 000 greater than for the per ending -
cue 80, 1853. Of this deflcieticyi 4330,000
rettitrif alltrired postmasters lip . - the' ler si r—
Ccineetts of J ane 22, 1851: The mail hug:
,y_ part a...the oeuntry.have-beem.--
reliemehmerettned in that period, Sod Use
large addition of railroad service, amounting
to 7.980 miles, has added largely to the coot
of Remitter:anon.
[ - The inconsiderable augmentation of tee
income of the Pest Office Department node
the rednzed,istes of postage, and Its Ischia
ing -expenditures, must. fur the presimt,
matte it dependent to smite extent upon the
treasury for support. The recommendations
lif the Post Master General, in relation to the
hOPlon of the.franking privilege, and his
'ibrs on the estaWislantent pi' mail isteam
, Olives, deserve the 'conitiduration,of Cu-. i
Emig. I alto call the special attention of
cop r .,rooo to the strtement of the Ileiletinsister
t./entral respecting the suing ,now paid kw
.. .-
_ , •
the tninsportation of mails to the Panama
.Reikoad Company. and commend to their •
lfairombie Consideration
li the tinges
i thrtt
effacer in ret t roe - to-new eon--
t
amnia tranvortation upon thatronto,
an a upon the 1 ehuaidepec and Nreafilir
gm routes. '
Ille_United._,Stat ea ,CD.ntinnstitt_liic_erticrii •
inent of amicable relatitinit with all foreign
',gofers.
Wiwn my , last annual message_ we. /ran*
iiiittini to Congrens. two nukleate of eetreire.
N i•my, one relating to the eidnitmeat of aol.
dices , in this country byr foritgn service, and -
the other to Central America, threatedai ter •
' disturb gaol understanding between the .
knifed Soi tea. and GrCat Britain. ASV Au ,
progress amitern,mation of the former Tow :
bon you were inforrned i tit the time, gaae‘ithe •-
other is now in the nay of satisfactocr44.,-
justment.
The object of lire contention liefweenlhap.t.
Unitee.glates and Great Britain, of the a* ,
Apnl, 1850, was to ISCCIIIV, for the bennlikfte
all nations, the neutrality and the otironeer
use of any transit way, or inter-oresuilififoTaV—
niunication, across the istbuina of Panama,
which might he opened within the Wong.- ......
of Central America. 'f lie pi etension_ __
' fluently asserted by (treat Britain, W il t.:
minion or control over territories, in or hear
two of the routes, those of Nicaragua. bid
Honduras, were deemed by tf.e U. Stator,
not merely incompatible with the main otr
ject of the treaty, but opposed even to ite
express atiptilations. oe,-anion of eodtfo.
verse); on this point has been removed by an
additional treaty, s 11;c'i our Minister at Lou..
don has e nicluile•l, and e hick will be haat*. .
dintrly ~u him tted to the Senate for cousins:
ration. Should the propom•tl supplemental :...,
,inTawicitient be eoneoure,l in by ell the par.
ties tri'be affected by it, the of couteni-
Oaf - 4 - I , ly the original convention will hav e .
been fully attained.
The treaty between the United Stahl And
Great Brandt, of the sth of June, rant,
which nein into selfective operation in 1855,
put an end to causes of irritation between '
the two countries, by securing -to the lining!
States the fishery on the mast of the
Itrit,sh North Amoriciiii pri winces with ,ad.
vastves equal to those o , ijoyetl hy Btitiala
subjects. Ilesules the signal benctita of,thits
treaty ton large dais of oat, (-ilium ensi ,v,Teqt
in s yurhuit connected to nu iiiiimutideribilks
agree tt ith our natio:ALl I,nr,perity
strength, it has
s had s; far nribte - eflEct
other interesta uttlro proviNion it enailif
reciprocal Ireeanin of laaile INtween the U.
Slate and the Ilratah pnivtlicea in Americo
'Dm •,,sports nt rlatn. tic firtleloB to thorli?,o
-during- tht-le-st, test- • • •
room thin $:!2,0114) 0011, exceetilug thaw of
titt !kit...veiling year Ly nearly its7,ooo 11181)*-*
stay the imports ticii c 11111. during the.sadwr
peri id, amounted tom ire than $21,000 VOW
—an morease of . .;,6,110U 000 upoA i,140,01.0C
thOlprevious year. -.- -
.-
he hurr.lvelt condition of this braarh oe-;
oui'solonit r.a., is wanly a ttritutal4o - -44*
above invoLione4l mat).
" Art_rt
' •,:‘ 4
'
EN
NO. 2.
TM