Democratic watchman. (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1855-1940, December 10, 1856, Image 1
U N IMI ME 1 - _ s, ME Eli 4 -.1.; ; ) , .. • ..vlipt oi • . , : . TUE ORLY ENIII.IBII RMI3CRAT 1 ` e, NENfi• PAPER 1 . 11 CRN ag COUNTY.. mires° AND riilll.ls/1111) Nay W,LLIfJUIDAYi In ." 1 ' ,„ tilt _.. fti , LitiA ,... 4 , ‘• TIMMS-4.V in adtanae„oi if paid within ell •,...„ r ~.. *ln be therged on all subserfp• ko jrtin to the end of thj year. ADV RTME NTS and Builnena Notices insert ' ed at the meal tmam, and over; description-of Dr CO MIL r• Xi. x wri ±. xv• 6,-. REROUTED in the nonteet manner, rit tho -kitten pekoe, and -with the utmost derpatch. Having parohased a largo collection of typo, we asap pared to uthey the drders of our friends. DEMOCRATIC CICSI-CD No. 1. Equal and ex,trt jug:it* to aft men of trAtttivot: dab tor perattoßsote, religious or poi, r. tai. No. 2.. Peace, rommeree and honest friend. an;tkall. 'ration t tYtangtiNs.gili_on eel with . . alVs‘sl,-Zis' rigid of States - And Territories to httriiiter their own domestic affairs. Ni.. 41. Proedons and eynality, the siiverefguty of the people, and the right of the majority to ride tehin their will is misfit utionally expressed. NO. '6. Beonority in the pith/to erpendstures, and a menu,/ preservation of publie faith. .No. 6. Feeed,,„„ o f fierdoin of the VINT and mewed Attestors of information. 'No 7. t position to all secret political cps:an t itlilollll. and to at& corruptions in politi a. M. A. A 'scrod preatrentietitreif ;She Vederal C o nstitntion,and 110 roligiattPlOote At of re. . No. 9. -- Nis higkdry. or pridel - P roily; or dis. tinetivo 11 Usti ansesm Atektne.an 1ti123081. 1V0.14. .11 - 1 .ssrghti of all. Thopf_estrealion of thelotstrallmotioh /owe, aim d the right of a ll fejlitihlic and thiprdteetion of the Aserrirau fr,oe No. lf. Oppokalgiuirall rhartes.o d moons, No. 13. -CI moo* brotherhood gra rs all—d•rmakipta_Aliwit:Othoirsehyld if /era. President's Message. • f Fellow-Cifizins of the Senale .and How of Reprarniatiotf. The Constitution requires that the Presi dent shell, from time to time, not only 're. commend to the etirmitiqmition of cupgress Such MCIJAIIITBI as hirmay judge necessary and expedient, but also that he Abell give in formation to them/ of the state of the Union. To do this ft y. involves exposition of all matters in the actual.condition of,the coun try, dotnesiie or foreign, which essentially concern the general welfare. While per forming his constitutional duty in this re spect. the President does not speak merely to entikiiiis personal convictions, but as the erseettairminfeter of the grivernntltiktAns; bleb by .his position, and called upon by hie obligations,to scan` with en impar tial eye the interests of the whole, and of -ever interests of thetnion, its ifgriCulture, mines, menu facturel , nsr igatinn anileinnoneroe , it is neces sary only to say that the intern,l prosperity of the country . , its - contimigus and steady 4011, ratawell ni public - well-being, at; test Vie wisdom °flour institutions, and the rdominant spirit. of intelligence, patriot u7,lhich, notwithstanding .. occasionni ir• regularities of opinion or action resulting from popular freedbm, has distinguished and eharsoterised the people of America. Is the brief- interval between the tenni- Wks of ihtiest and the commencement of_ the ppereesseennt session of Congress, the poi - AOo has,been_occupied with.lbettare of se lecting, fee soother Constitutional term, the Presibut and-Vics-President of the United Staten. .Ther detoriaination of the persons, who sere of right, or contingently, to preside over the adiainistrsUbu pf the government, is. nmilerour system, committed to tho States and the people. We appeal to theto,-14 , - their voice prosiouuced in the forms of law, tO call erbamspever they will to the high post of Chief kbupstrate. And thus it is that - Si-the Senatoirrefro vent-the respective States of the Union, and tie melnimers of the House of Representa tives the several oonstituerneic" of each State, serthe •liresideettr-represents the a popolatios of the United States. Their a of hiss is the explicit and solemn set of the sets sovereign authority of the Union. It is impossible to misapproliend the treat' prinelphis, artidh, by their recent politichl amnia, the people or the United States have mactimaid and announced. They have &asserted the constitutional Sus.* of each and all of the States, of the Union as States they have adirunslthe con stitistional equality of each and all of the cit izens of the United Rtatoa as citizens, what ever their religion,. wherever their birth, or theiy resident*: they have maintained tbe hnielability of the constitutional rights of • • • • of-the I iiisy klitflp*lniseed their devoted and unaltera _,,e ettiohmeut to the Union and to the Con luautlOn; f-ob i } ecte of interest superior to idisultjecia deal or sectional controversy, lie the IMthinartis of the rights of ALI' as.the sphitandshe eastmee of the litiorty, peace, and greatness of thetßepublic.! In king thoihave, at tltio same time, Ilipphatieally condemned the idea of organ isle% in these United Status nierrgeograph. Fottiatti_ 411 - on4alting ietnstile array slowartentsett other the dlth•rent parts of the . . 14001 r7.'urth or South, East or West. ataof this nature fl aught vi ith in 'oulonischief, and which the consider. :ate' of the people 'has rejected, could /OS' countenance iii no part of the 'Miner" Ffiad they not been disguised by Hug giations gaiiiidido in appearance, acting upon an excited state of the public mind, in. 4 it llolo ,6o bAeausea temporary in their charso hrto be hoped, tipiruciont in their i attifritasi ' .Perfeet ifberty et' aisociation for 1;)litoical **tit, and the widest scope of discussion. ..Ste_theiticiabittLantl_ ordinary elalditioOS of government in our country. Our institu tion*„ hatted in the spirit of contidendo in the hitepigonco and integrity (dike people, do OiOt forbid citizena either individually or istionintid tegother, to attack by writing, speoeltror any other method; short of phy sical force, the Constitution and the very ox• 'stews of the Unidu t - Under the shelter of thhigireat liberty, and protected by the laws tatof the government they assail, ens have been formed, in somo of t fie , of individuals, who, pretending ,to fiesk'only to prevent the spread of the In stitution of slavery into the present or fu ture inchoate. States of the Union, ale i• rally Inflamed with desire to change the domestic Anstitutioni‘it existing States. , -."..troarxoraiiplish their objects, they dedicate themseavae CaIOUS tahk of deprcciatirg the government organization which stands their *ay. and of calumniating, with in discriminate hfvective, not only the citizens of partitrolar States, with whose laws they tra fault, but all others of their fellew citizens throughout thq country, who do net ' • '.O i i ii'. % .; , , . r . . . . tig - ' ••,. . - . • - ''r . 1 • .•'• '-' 1%." .._t_7 ' ' , r ,;.‘''';2 l '.! .. - ' .. -. # i•,,., $. • . ... - • , v... •,• • .. 7,„__-. . . . - - - - ''''' ' ' - .. '.` .... \ '':Y:"Fr' t 1, -- - --.. • 4 .... 1 ' t . • • ) pi- i, •_„' , ~• ... - • i ,• .- • ,•• ...: ... , , •-•• .. •,. :. ' 7 ..'- ..". 77' -:-'-'' -.' • ' ''-r , -4 ' ,• ( .•,... —.-. _ •, . , _ _ 7 . • ...,__- ~ 1 . . -.-- • „........4.y.i.r.4. , ...... , ,.... • . .... ... . • . '', -; ' s '- i, 'J. • ' ' -----7 .... -1. 4 - .i . •.. , v' . ... -; - •,-- 4 , 5, •. • • Clik'w-- .. . ~ . ,• - i ~..„••-t, - / - , :• ~. L . .. , . _ •; •• . _... . ..' . : . ~ ' • • -...... . ../ .. . , , . , . . .. + , .. . , ', • *titivate with them, in their &catmint upon the Constitution . ; framed and - adopted by our fathemAntrchsimingzfor the pnvilegee *hid ; ** l4ll .ra;464simearriu -. Tr' reverence • their children. They seek an object whit they well know.to bo a revolutionary one. They are perfectly aware that the cling, in the relative condition of the white en black races in the slaveholding States, whio they would promote, is beyond their lawfu authority ; that to them it is n foreign oh ject ; , that it cannot be effected by any peace strumeMality-of theirs ; that forlthem -and the States of which they are citizons the wily path to its .accomplisliment through burning cities Anid ravaged fields and slaughtered populations, and all there most terrible lit. foreign, complicated wit. civil and servile war ; and that the first ate. in -,the attempt la the forcible disruption eta. country embracing in /tor broad bosom degree of liberty, and ar amount of indi videal and public prosperity, to which tiler , is no parallel in history, and substituting . i 'its place hostile governments, dricen at and inevitably into mutual devastation; fra tricidal carnage, transforming the pow peace ful and. felicitous brotherhood into a vas permanent camp of armed'inep, like the ri val monarchies of AuroPc andAttie• Well knowing that such and such only ire Siiliicans and the consequences of their plaits and . purposes, they endeavor to Jrn pare ffie peopre the - United' Sfaleifor eiird war by doing everything in their power to. . • 've the.. Cenatitutinn _anti thet. lawaLof moral authority, and .to undermine the fa t trio of the Union fir &Mien's, &pinion Ind" sectional prejudices, by indoctrinating its Asode with reciprocal hatred, and b e y, edu cating tbeiri — iff stand face to fees ax en etnies, rather than shoulder to shoulder as friends. It is by.the agency tirsuch , unwarranta- Alio interference, foreign .and domestic, that the minds of many, otherwise good citizens, have been so 'inflamed into the passionate condemnation of the domestic institutions of the :3 mtlicrn States, es it length to pass in sensibly to alinost equilly passionate hos tility towards their fellow-citizens of • those States, and thus finally to fall into tempo rary fellowship with the avowed and active ("teatime of' the Constitution. Ardently at tached to - liberty in the abstract, they do not stop to consider practically how the objects they would attain ear be accow.plished,,enor to reflect that, even if the evil were as reef as they deeds it, they have no remedy to epp_l2 . ,...and that it can be only aggravated by their violence A question, .which is one of the most M oult of all the problems of social institution, political economy and statesmanship, they reit — with unreasogLbte fhplfipitrPtit - -• thought and fangnsfe.' "Extremes beget VS tremes. Violent stuck film the North finds Its inevitable emits:pence in the growth of a spirit of angry defiance at the South. Thus in the progress of events we had mach id that consummation, iehielv - the - vielee of the people has now so pointedly relstked,of the attempt, of a portion of-the State., by a sectional orgauizalten and movement, to usurp the control of the gove'rhment of the Lifiltell States. I conffkntily believe that the great body of those who inconsiderately took this fatal step are sincerely attached to the Constitutlfin and the Union. They would, upon deliberation, shrink with unaffected burrorfrom any consious act of-disurriem or civil war. But they -hare altered into a path, which leads nowhere, unless it be to' ais4t. war and disunion, and which has no other possible outlet. They here proceeded thus far in thtt direction in consequence of the succesaire stages of their progress. having consisted of A series of secondary issues, each of which professed ..to be confined within constitutional and peaceful limits, but which attempted indirectly what few men were willing to do directly, that is, to lob aggressively against the constitutional rights of nearly one-half of the thirty-one. States. - - In the long series of acts of indireCt ag gression, the. first wax the strenuous agita tion, by citizens of the Northern Sjates, in Congress 111111 . out of it, of the question of --remancipation in the Southern Status ; esecond step, in this pith of evil con sisted ofacts of the people of the Northern States, and in several instances of their governments, aimed to facilitate the escape of persons held to service in the Southern States, and to prevent their extradition when reclaimed according to law and in virtue of express provisions of the CA:institution. To promote this object, legialativ,e enactments and other means were adopted to takeaway or defeat rights whichthey nalitutio.„P sot' etnnl guaranteed. IrPordar to nnlify'the e e tilting act of Vongress, the extradition of fugitives tom ter ioti laws were enacted in many States, forbidding their of hers, under the severest penalties, to participate in the execution of any itet-Of I.lMgreinrvetis , .. , or. In this way that system of. harmonious cooperation between the authorities of the United States and of the several States, for the maintenance of their doennion institu tions Which existed in • the early _years of the %Republic., was dedroyed ; contljai of jurisdiction came to he` - frequent; and Cop. gross found itself compelled, foillie Support of the Constitution, and the vindication of its power, to authorise the appointment of new officers charged, with,the execution of its acts, as if they . mid the oflicers of the Status • were the lowistcrs t _respentively, of foreign governments in a state of mutual hostility, rather than fellow magistrates in a common country, peacefully subsisting un der the protection of one well-Constituted Union. Thus here, also, aggression was followed by faction ; and the attacks lippn the Constitir ion at this point did but set*, to raise up-new-barriers for Its-defeueo,aud security. Tito third stage of this unhappy . section al controversy was in counection with the I organization of territorial governments, and the admission of new States into the Union. When it was proposed to admit the Slate of Maine, by separation 4 : territory Ilona that 1 of,Massachusetts, anfitthe State of Missouri, i formed a portion of e territor ceded it France to the Ifinifo'd the States, repr y esentatives y in Congress objected to the adinission of the llnlesis with itonditions suited to par ticular views of public policy. The impo sition of such a condition was successfully resisted. But, at the name- period; the question was presented by imposing-restric tions upon the residue of the territory ceded .11-14auce. The question was, for the disposed of by the adoption or a geogriiiill:" kid lino of limitation. In this.connexion it should not be forgot ten that France, of her (Aril accord, resolved, for considerations - of thd, ,inost far-sighted sagacity, to cede Louisiliss , to the United 4 VVEDITESIV ,Slites, and that accession tViLFI accepted by. the United States, the latter • Sly en: d that "theinhatillA th' nti 4[- 'ineotteriir • • .the 'Wed States,-and admitted as soon as possible, according to the the of the Federal Constitution, to the enjoyment of all the rights, advantages, end immunities of citizens of the United, States ; and in the meantime they shall be mantained and pro tected in the free enjoyment of their liber,y, property; and the religion which they pro fess '—that is to say, While ii remains in a territorial condition-, its inhabitants are mantained and proteoted in the nee enjoy.' eggnt of their liberty and property, with a right thgn to piss into the conditie • of States on a fuming of perfept equality with the original States. The ecactment, which established, the, restrictive geographical lino, waS AcqUietzodin__ll9o9l:!han approved by the Stites of the Union. It S . tood on ties number of 40048 E: however, fbr a• number of years ; and the people of the respective States acquipmAiri the re-esactment of the priaciple as sapped to the State of Texas ; and it was propotiod to iiicquiesce in its fur ther application to -tbe-territery acquired by the United States from Mexico. But this proposition was suocessfully.resiited by the' representatives from the Northern States, who, regardless of the statue line. insisted upon applying restriction to the now terri tory generally, whether lying . north or south iir it, thereby repeattuk has 4. 1.6:4.13.6., compromise, and on the part of the north, perslefently_ vitiating Owe compect, if cont. Thereupon this enactment Ceded tii.lisve firer efts virtue in any sea - ' whether •as re the Nolh•or the ; a d so in, : - .. .. i ' tett My ortre admission of the State of Callfbrnia, and the organization of the Territories of New Mex ico, Utah, and Washington. Such was the State of this question, when the tiros arrived fair the organization of the Territonea of Kansas and Nebraska. In the progress of constitutional inquiry and reflec: tion, it had now at length come to be seen clearly that Congress does not po . sess Con stitutional power tr impose restrictions' of this character upon any present or future Stale of the Union. In a long "cries of ;la- Melons, on thefullest argument, and after the most deliberate •consicleration, thO Su preme Court of the United States had finally_ determined this point, in every form under which the quistion could arise, whether as affecting public or private rights—ln ques tions of the , publfe domain, of religion, of iie - th - galkdi and of Servitude. *I --- ' The several States of the (Union am, by force of the Constitution, co-equal in domes tic legieflative power. Congress cannot • • irtaw — of - donsestio eelstlo,r in the State of Maine ; no more can it in the State of Missouri. ,Any statute whichproposes to do this is a mere nullity ; It takes away no right, it conferesione._ lilt rhitudnis oa ths .statute book unrepealt;el, Ti remains beadon of warning to the egia •• an. 1. , ' statesmen. To repeal it will be only to re move imperfection from the statutes, with out sheeting, either in the arse of permis aim' o r of prohibition , the 'fiction of the States, or of their citizens. itkiliewhen the nominal restriction of this nature, - already a dead letter in law, was In terms repealed by the last Congress, in a clause of the set organizing the Territories of -Kimertft-lowl-NebrafilWllatt--repeal-- if 7 made the occasion at a. spreadand dan gerous agßation. It was Wedged that the original enact ment being a compinr of perpetual moral obligation, its repeal constituted an odious breach of faith. An act of , Congress, while it remains un repritled, more especially. if it be constitu tionally - veiled in the judgment of those public fnuctimiarfes Whose duty it is to pro nounce on that point, is undoubtedly loud ieron the conscience of every good citizen of the Republic. But in whit sense can it bo asserted that the•enactment in question was invested with perpetuity and entitled to the respect of a solemn compact "f• ' •• t, Between whom waa the. coin sip( i No distinct contending powers of. govern ment; no operate sections of Union, treatiogyawsuch, entered into t ty atipu• battens on the subject. It watt ii Mere clause of an_ act of • Congress, and Illeo holy other controverted matter of legisialn i , received a Anti *ape and was cohipn?- mise ,Of..the conflicting opinian or senti ments of the members of Congress. But if it had moral authoritykovermen'a conscien ces, to whom did this authority • attach 1— Not to those of the North, who had repeat. eill.r refused to confirm it, by extension, and win) had sealoiralyTiliiiin to estalibili other jest. And if, as it thug appears, the sup posed compact had no obligatory force OA to the Nerelt,-of course it could not hive had any es-to the_South.lor all snob compacts . •-- • mutual And .of_rocipnicsi„obin - ate I tion• . It has not inifrequently happened' that law giTtfl with undue catimatkm of the value of the fioar they give, or in the view of imparting to it peculiar strength, make it perpethal in terms ; but they 'cannot thus bind the ronaelence, the judgment, and the, - will or those . ho may succeed them, inves ted with rimilar responsibilities, and clothed with equal authority. More careful iitve,t tijiAtion may prove the law to be unsaved in principle. Experience may show it to be in pm feet in detail end impractible in execu tion. -And then lsitlaeageriand right coin= bino not ine;al , i to jdatity, but•to require its repeal. I' The'Conatittition, supremo as it la over all the departments of the government, legisla., five, executive, and judicial, is open to amendment by 144 very terms ; and Con ...grtsis'or--gms,Skatchtinsty, is _their ilkeretion ? , lifoPiise amendment to it, Hotel= - emnpact though it in truth is between the sovereign Status of the Union. In the present in ' stance, a political enactment, which hail ceased to have legal power or authority of any kind, was repealed. 'rho pouttion as. sumod, that Congress, had no morel right to enact such repeal ? was strange enough, and singularly so in view of the fact, that the ar gument came from thotie who openly refused obedience to existing laws of the land, hav ing the cams popular desipation and quill; ity as compromise acts-may, more ; who ! unequivocally disregarded an d condenmel the most positive and dbligatory injunctions' of the Constitution itself, and sought,.. by every means within their reach, to deprive a portion of their fellow-citizens of the equal enjoyment of those .rights- , arid privileges guaranteed alike to all by the fundamental compact of our Union. - This argunielit against the repeal of the statittli line, in question,' was accompanied by another of congeoiaLcharacter, and equalli with Os! Grfteird .. : ';`;'). , nda.- I ticanin:reassto ..a truth . ' , lis . inttsto tcd rir 49 , ll6 el gt*i f on viten stg milts o lave labor beyond those previously assigne to it, and that such watt its natural as well as intend ed effect ; and these baseless reetymptions were made, in , the northern Stioth„ the ground of unceasing attack upon ,Oolintitti tional 'riglit. ' The repeal in terms of aalatutel which was already Obsolete, and also null for un constitutionality, could have no Influence to obstruct or to promote the propagation of conflicting views of gothic*, or social insti tution When the act organizing thieTtiri tonies of Kansas and Nebrakka was_intssed, the inherent act upon that portion of the public domain thus mend to legals settle ment, was to admit settlers from hill_the States of the Union alike, each with luacon victiohiffillittblic policy itartriterr est; them to be :found in Piair &twilled; subject to such limitations is the Constitu tion and acts of Congress 'Might prescribe, new States, hereafter to be-admitted Into the Union,. It was a free field, ones alike to alt, whether the statute line of assumed restric tion were repealed or net. That repeal did not open to free competition of diverse opm , ions and domestic institutions,'it field which; without such repeal, btve been closed against them ;it found -field of .00mpe etch,. 'aim Already opened, - t and tillase. .All. the-I,opml iliti r was-terkeentiftlitiiiiiit•-, book 'of an ohjectionableirnactment, urcoti- stitu ' nal in effect, sugg i tions In to to 1 i or the - - - —_, - 1 11l t a Pilet, that, in la 011100111411Pre , r 1 gions thsUnitediStates, II erivirstlon'be • left Incein aft iii thiseespectfar_inselforitk-- outlettallnalbitions on either . Ride, slave later :Wit spontaneously go ererywheie in preference to free labor? In it the fact. that the peculiar domestic institutions of the Southern States possess relatively so much of vigor, that, wheresoever an avenue is freely open to all the world, they will pene trate, to the exclusion of those of thy-North ern States 1 Is it the fact, that the firmer enjoy, compared with the latter, such irre sistibly superior vitality; independent of eft: mate. soil, and all Mbar socidellitat itltrcum stances; as to be able to jeolince the sup pvecd result, in spite of the assumed moral and neural obstacleirto its accomplishment, and of the nine numerous population of the Northern States 1 Of course, time' imputations on the intim , bons of Congress in this respect, draceived as they Were, in prejudice, and diasemina la iti passlanT are utterly destitute of any , justification in. the =Anil _ofthinga, and 'oontrary to all the fundamental doctrines and principles of civil liberty sad self-goy. I tratwuut. The argument of those Who .a4lvoriate the enactment of new laws of reStlifetiOn and condemn the repeal of old ores, in - aver tlutt theirparticular...Sews _ot govern ment have no self-estentling or sett-tut ain hurAntoteroLikirPTALlPA_ eve MEI if (*.ingress dO but pause for w moment in the policy of stern oocreion, if it venture to try the experiment of leaving anon go judge f o r themselves-what institutions will best Suit them; if it be not strained up to per petual legislative exertion on this point, if tbnizress procerid thus to act in the very spirit of liberty, it is at OWN charged-with stet-ng - to extend Sim labor into aloha new Tereitovieeof -the Unite]. &alet. While therefore, in general, the_ peetdo of the Northern - Statca have never, at any time, arrogated - the the fhderal - government - dm power to interfere wjth the donteatio •comdi. lion of persons in the -Southern Wales, but on the contrary have disavowed all Midi in, tendons, and hiverdwunk from conspicuous affiliation with those few who pumine their fanatital nkicietia iribwedly dircogbthe , con templated means of revolutionary change of the government, and with sompanceef t .the necessary conseguencel—a cvi ined.MTvile war—yet many eitigens have auflbeetthem- Mire, to be drawn into One, evanescesdr,-;po li beat issue after another, apperta in ingiolhe rune set of opinions, and which subsided as rapidly as they arose when it came seen, as it,unifonnly did, that they were in compatible with the odmpacts of. deo 'Gen stinition,and the existence of the Union. Thus, when the acts of Mini) of the States to nullify the existing "extradition itn posed upon Conti-cm the duty of pissing a new one, the country was invited by aipis. tors to enter into party organiutioa for kw ; but that agitation speeinty ceased, by reason of the impracticability of its ob. kct. - So, when the Statute restriction upon the institutions of new Staten, by- a geo graphical line. had been ripened. tbe coun try was urged to 3 Gresto and . shin died -aimed yak Then followed the cry or alarm front de North against imputed Sehtheien enerorMiw ments • which cry spraugsn teddy from the s.itit of revolutionary attack on ho dower 14CApe Aoutiklbit, after-a trout ed e istenee of a , 44 111131' been rebuked by the voice of a patriotio IH/ 0 1 40 . • Of this last atrition, one lamentable fea ture was, that it Wait carried on at the itn.. mediate expense of the poacoasul happiness Aker Teeple of the Territory of linnitea. That was Made..ihtiettle,flold, riot'so much of opposing fat:liars or interests within it self, as of the conflicting passions of the whole people of the United Stales. Revo lutionary disonler in KallSlll4 had Its nrigirr it/pakten:lnt inter en ti on d v ijjk%kely or vinget by certain members'eithatUongreirs, which enacted the late fertile orgniiirldion of the Territory% • And when propagandist colouisation of Kansas had thus bean under taken in one section of the Union, for 'the ildetriatie promotion of its peculiar vie ws o of policy, there ensiled, as a matter of course, a counteraction with opposite views, iii ot7ic~ secUousbrderridiin. In consequence of thestt end °Uwe...inci dents, many acts of disorder, it is undenia ble, havi been perpetrated In Kansas, to the occasional interruption, realer than the per- , manent suspension of regular government. Aggressivb and most reprelictisilite incur sions into, the Territory, a[cire undertaken, both in tho,North and South, and entered in on its northern border by the way of lowa, as well as on the eastern by way of, Mis souri, and there has existed within it-st stale ot•intiltrrtation agsiAst the eonstitutional au thorities, not Witharit, countenance from in eorMitlerate persona in each of tho great sec tions of tho Union. • • But the difficulties in that Territory linty° been extravagantly exaggerated for thm,pur poses of political agitation elsewhere. The nambei• and gravity of the acts of violence ltavo boon ntotgnildeti, partlyiaAtittpn'entl entirely untrue, and partly by reltbrat s evi'aC.; count of the'tlifliOximors or (acts. Thus the territory W 13,u,iu, efolpiugly 1 1 7 . ,,MECEMBER 10, 1850. tilled with extreme violence, when the whlsle amount of such acts has not been greater tiltiiie before to iiw single citietito the regret of all good citizens. but without being regarded 118 of general or permanent political consequences. I,opmcdirregularities in the elections held in Kansas, like occasional irregularities of the Same descjiption in the Stales, were be yond the sphere of action of the Executive. Bat incidents of actual violence or of organ ised obstruction to the law, pertettaziotbly renewed from time to time, have been met as they occurred. by such means as were available and as the circumstances requited and nothing of thin charaCter now remains to effect tie general 'peace of the Union. The attemptof a part of the inhabitants of the Territory to erect •-re.volationary gory element, though sedulously encouraged and snpplied with pecuniary aid from active ngerdwofittoorderitrwmnizifthafitittertar ofiaspletely filled. Bodies of armed men, foreign to the territory. have been proven. ted Iy:ern entering or compelled to leave it., 1 ,Predatory bands, engaged in acts of pine, under eover of .the existing .political diettirbances, have been arrested or duiPers ed: And every well dispdited person is-no enabled once more to deveths himself in peace to the pursuits pf prosperous industry, for prosecution of which ho undertook to spate in the settlement of the Territo _ _ 1 7- rit-allorttame ugmin nt-eatis . faction to announce the peaceful condition of things in Kansas,especi .10naideeing the means , to V -40 - hrmeemetenbe • cmployMent s piltrilef the fo r ce of ' the-United Statok-- - The ivithdtitsral of that, forte from ti prop er duty of defending the country against , foreign foes, of the savagetrofthriTrontitw, to employ it for the suspension pf-,domestic.in surrection, is, when the exigency occurs, • matter of the most earnest solicitude. On this occasion of imperative necessity it has been done with the best results, and my sat isfaction in the attainmentOrsuch results by such 'mans is greatly enhanced, by the con sideration, that, throtigh the wisdom 'arid energy of the preseht ixocutive•vf Kansas, and the - prudence, firmness and vigilance of the militltry tinkers on duty there, tranquil ity luni been restored without one drop of bleed .having been_ shed in its ocoomplish merit by the tomes of the l; kited States. The resittfation of comparative tranquili ty in that Territory furnishes the means of obierving calmly, and - appreciatint at their . jest value, the events whiel, have-occurred there l and the discussions of which the gov ernment of the Territory has been the sub ject. • _thate. 11. $ in; its future domestic institutions was in esitahle ; that ao human prudenoo, no form of legislation, no wisdom on the part, of Con. grow, could have lovventad this. •it u Ws to suppose that the particular woris . of their o hip - Were - .the but the occasion, or the pretext of an tion, which wp.s inherent in the nature o,( things. Congless legislated upon the sub ject in such terms as were most cinusoitant with the principle of popular sovereignty which underlies our government. ft could mit have legislated titheriiise without deing violence to another greatimuciple of our in gitutions,the inprescriptible right of equali ty_of the several States. We bcreviee, also, that inliresfa and party passions, halo been the great im pediment to the salutary operation of the organic principle S adopted, and the chief cause of the successive disturbances.in Kan sas, ' The assumption that, because in the organization of,the Territories of Nebraska andKatisas. etutt,"'•xerts abstained. fronrim posing restraints upon them to which certain ' other Territories had been subject, therefore disorders occurred in the letter, Territory is emphatically contradicted by the Set that none have occurred in the former. These disorders were not tho consequence, in Kan. sesta the freedom of Self goreenmeit con ceded to that Territory by Congress, but of - unjust interferofico on the part of persons not itiliabiquita of the Territory. Such in terference, wherever it has exhibited itself, lv,acts of insurrectionary character, or of onstructien to processes of law,'has been re tuned or suppressed, by all the means which the Constitution and the laws place ha the hands of the Executive. In those parts or tho United States where by reason of theintlamed state of the public mind, false rumors and misrepresentations have the 'greatest currency, it has been 118- Sinned that it was the duty of the ig.ucuthro noutily to. sultPrclKinsurrectioitery move. ments in Kansas, but also to see to the reg. -ularitit.of lama 4c4•Licrue...A.tamods_iittitar-, gurneut to show that . the President has no Hurl' power. All goventment in the United States reels substantially upon popular elec tion. The frocdeta4Lnisctious is liable to umattelt_ttilfer_ unlit - Wild votes, or the extlitsioliorliair ones, Vy improper iniltienetst, by violence, or by fraud. Butt the people of the United States nee, themselves, the guardians of their own rights, and to suppose that they will not remedy, in duo season, any sitch in cidents of ditil freedom, is to suppose them to have eet . ist'4l4o ho capable of self.goeern mind. The President of the United States has not power to intettpost, in elections, to sec_ to their freedom, to canvass their vote, or to j nag Minn Their leffalltritthercrrito ries any more than in the States. If he had such power the government might he repub— lican in form, lad it mould be monarchy in suer ; R11(1 if ho had undertaken to exercise it in the'osse of Ka.iirsic - hb would have teen justly subject to the charge of usurpation, and of violation of the dearest rights of the people of the United States. llnwlite laws, eau ally with irrettilite.,lol at - elect i ons, are; i u pertaiiOrgiVaTex6reined. the occasional incidents of ever, the n ves t sndpeatholltical institutions, But all ex perience demonstrates that in a oountry lilfe ours whore the right of self constitution ex ists in the completest, form, the nttempt to remedy unwise legislation by resort to revo lution, is totally out of place ; inasmuch as oxisting legal institutions affbni more prompt sad efficacious moans fir the. redress. Ot wrong. , . confidently trust that now, when the peaceful condition of Kansas alien's oppor. tuttity for calm refleotion and wise legisla tion, either the legislative assembly of the -Turritory,or of Cengress,w ill see that no act shall remain on its statute book violative of the . provisions of the Constitution, or sub verstvo of the great objects for which that was ordained and ClitßibliShoootlld will take I all other necessary steps to assure to Its 11 17 lishitants the enjoyment, without , obStriat- Lion or abridgement, or all the constitutional rights, privilepa, invounitioa of, 'citizens of. the, _United States, se conttiniphited by oftbilerritory. , -01ashlan'oalli nelation-- toi • I events in this Territory will lie found in the documents communicated herewith from the Department of State and War, . .1 refer you. to the report of the Secretary of the Treasury for particular information concerning the financial condition of the goy. emmunt, and the various branches of the public ttervice connected with the Traiteury Department.. .Luring the last 'fiscal year the recvipts from customs wore, for the first time, more than ~f 6 , 1,000,0011, and from all sources. 373,918,141: which, with die ba/lanre on hand _up to the latnf July, 1855, made the the total resources of the yenr to 'amount to /192.850.1.17 expeaditures, including $3,000,000 in execution of the treaty with ,1 Mexico, and excluding sums paid nn account 11 , ft.132,- 401; and including - the latter, to $72,945;-- 792, the paymeit on this account having amounted to 812,778,390. , On the'4th of March, 1853; the amount of the public debt. was 1109,129.030. There was a aphisenuent increase of if , 1,758,0:)0 for the debt of Texas--usakhig a total of 871,- 879,83 r. Of this the sum of 845%525,319; including premium, has been discharged, reducing the delft to $30,737,121: nil which might be paid within a . year without 'embar rassing-the pubtieservietri but bring not yet - sud only-redmasahl•-attltheoption-- the holder, cannot lick pressed to• payment. by-the tor erpmen • - „ five years, Itbe Oren thilm averige, deducting payments on eel:mutat of the pnb , • • 41.1.0.0011ASLpaid..by_tmt Maxicerhas been'but about /48,000,000. It is believed that, under an economi cal ad. ministration of the government, the average. expenditure .fer the imaging five years kill not-exceed that MID, cutlass extraordinary °cession for its inereasesilsould occur. The axtis granting bounty:Lies will soon have been executed, while thitpLatension of our froutiet,settlemcnts wal4eltiac a continued demand for lands anifigtimerited receipts prol ably, Iron) that source. These constd• eration will justify a reductior, of the mire nue from cowmen, so as not to exceed : 000,000 or 050,000,000, I think chi. •7 4 ' geney for such reduction is imperative. and , again urge it upm the consideration of Con "mem Tho amount of redaction; is well as , Shc . manner of *Meting, it, are questions of great anq 'general interest ; it being - essential to indusaf - entotprisa• Ind the public promper ity, as well as the dictate of obylottainstice..4 that the burden of taxatillh be made to ti;sl as equally as pos si ble upon all classes, and , AlLsodiant_intvrsatitsetamskutrs• I hare heretofore recommended to your eousid,esratiem the reriaion of the revenue' laws, prepared under, the directintt of the Secretary sie the Treasury, and also legisla tionupousoine special Nuestions affecting 'the b usiness of 'that department, more thu„ynagimcnt , 2f a law to punish thei ALM:wade ot o*llT Gantt or papers from the files of the ',Wrernment, and re quiring all snch books and papers and other public property to be turned over by the out-going &Weer to his successor a law requiring disbursing Of f icers to 4leposit all public money in the vaults of the treasury I or in other legal depositifrieg. Wheic the same are conviently accessible : and, a law to extend fluffing penal provisions to all persons who may become possessed of pub lic money by &posit° or otherwise, or who shall reface or neglect, on due'demand, to pay the same into the treasury. I invite your attention anew tot, ach of these projects. The artily during the pist year has been so constantly employed agginst hostile !wil ing in various quarters, thit it can sea may said, with propriety of language, to love been a peace establishment. Its ditties have barn satisfactorily performed, and we have ' , reigon to expect, as o result of the year's operations, greater siturite to the frontier inhabitants than has been Eitlwrte enjoyed. Extensive combinations among the lin ,tile Indians of the Tel n Lurie., of Washington and Oregon at one time tin entem d the devasta• Lion of the,,peuly foamed settlements of that remote portion of the-country. FIVIU re Ttit information, we aro permitted to hope that tiro ettergeiio and successful oper.itions coif ducted there. will prevent such combinations in ft Lure, and secure to those Territories an opportunity, to make steady progress in the aevelopmeut of their agricultural and mineral resources Legislation lias been recommended by the on'preeioun occasions to cure dere As in the eaisting organization, and to inereaso the ellteieney of the •Puty, and further ohaerva- Lion has but SCl'Ved to confirm me in the views then eTpresleil. and to enforce on lily - Mind The tiairiEtion that illirtimeloruree are not only proper but ,oceesaary. I have, in ndddion, to invite the attention of Congress to a change of policy in the diS trillutityn cif - troops, and tq the ttreeß s ll,l l Y4 providing a room rapid ineitutse of the t- tary ntroament. For do ails of these sad other:-oluceig relu , tiog to the artny. 1 teler to thq r e p o rt, of the Secretary of War. The condition of the 1n vy ix out, inertly iiatigifactory, bat othibits the mast gratify 0k evidences of iorresged vii(or. As it is comparistivily sortil, it is moan „important. that it should be as co: 1 1140e lag possihlu in all the i•leinents olutrength : that it shoulil Provision %%as wa g e, in the first arils* of .. lie eflieient in the eltsmeter of its ravers, that. treaty, for a courant-s . to deubpasto in the zeal lull diiiplin i oof ts mon, i- the the mouths of rivers to which the common , reliability of its orduaneo. multhe_capteltg right of ilitheryi.Ott.lLuLeousinif.....ttla Va k l4ol l- , of its slii , o si. lii till these various qualities Stattiit awl the itiitisli Pforiftqtal was not ttr : the navy 11144 made great propess within the extena. This coon/16,4cm liM bl'Cliqiiiploy• .. last ;ow years. The eveetation of the law of ed a part of - two seasons, but Withonlostoch z Cungres.i, of February lith, 1855, "to pr.o- iirogr,at4 in a •einitplishing the objeet,llfr - ' mote the elfle.oney of the navy," has been which it an.: instituted, iii Conseil/temp ore ' attended 'by the most advanta4ootts results. serious difference. of opinion between : le . /Ip, The haw for discipline among the commission( r. , ,, not • only as to the preemie_ ... orm - hr 0 oi.enirnt andto Intary. perint,wherr the - rivcrs to i rob., {gat hi milt ..., The system of g, sluing an lionorabliS ilis- ny instal ices as to what . oonstitotes,a 4*.0.' 0 char g e to faithful seamen oft rho expiration These ditibulties, howev e r; pray preyed," of the period of their enlistment, and lux- by resort to the timpirage prratelloOr bir milting them to re-onlist" after ii leave 'Of the treaty. , . a row found's, withoht cessation of pay; is The efforts perseveringly oroorcittOlfhit, highly bene fi cial in its in fl uence. The ap- t h e eamme4 „,„ cet , e r, 4 “ .e a a er ,„44 00 4 91 , 4 , prentice system rixiently adopted is evident- relieve our trade to the lthltile , erinortlipz 4 ly destined to incorpemde into the service e ethmor sound does by Ittiplosirl4 WO, ,: largo number of our countrymentithtrto so yet lien attended wit: - ' di fficmlt to fracmr. Several him lied AmerionO moments have Also st boys are uowon a three-years' cruise in our re n e ft e th e ir- eumetem national ressels,mil will return well train '« thuS induced ta propose_ seamen. In the Ordinance &pertinent there nil t h e Euroiftbo. Par is ade eidedamtgratifyingindication of Pro- me hr ee t ; An d 4 10 . 01. grout creditable to it - antis the eountry: , ==;,,iiitl e if'i vas ' i4,i t ivv, The migrations of the Seoretary of' the th eve th a t , e . e i s fs e i Navy, io,mard to hurdler improveMent in th em co uld soon b e that branch of the ,aervice, 1 oouunend to strong appeal to thf' your favorable action. , . nary suspension et; . . The new frigates ordered by Congress are meonsl&rdtionof t now afloat, and two of them in active sferifce. migliK r reituft 16:hei They are superior mule* of_ • tumill firohltet• bi pa itlroiailito 2, , tare, 4114 wiertheir Ihru#Obto batteiy Jim - vith tiet,ttitt'alirit • I . •.. 1 . • . . largely.to Oldie strength and soctirity., , 1 concur la: thtt"6lrwle . axPas*l4,-b, Alto:. , 'Setweeary of the Pepeetmoot in favonaf 147 . : I •'' StilifilithOr ittereasu of our naval force. • The report of the Secretary of the Interim. '‘: presents facts and l+iews in relation to inttr; tataffairs over winch the iupcvs ction .11 hi-0 de rmunt l X ttl/di, ti LIBUI.:11 il/ , ,the*t. glad hill KXI. 2 / I Ce• • ' i, • The aggregate salt s of the public 141/41.4. llUriq the heat fiscal year, amount tO ...' 227,8 • 8, &croft : for which twit been received, lhe sum of 58,821.411_.. Ddring.- thst spike • period there hive been lof sled, with tnilitliEry scrip, and laud warrants, and' for ether; pur poses, :30,101),.0.0 acres, thud making a total -aggregate of 39028,180 terry. . On the 30th of September last, surveyz had been made of 16,873.699 acres,s large proportion of which is rtudy for market. The suggestions In this report in reb„. Ifilld., - "Witillatieti 'mild iiirogiett - pitli% Rion of "the Wiliness of 'the **rent bares:, of the department ; to the Pension 'ottani: to the colonization of Indian tribes, and the recommendation in relation to various isle. provernents in the District of COlutrabliCifo, - especially cominumled to your considellt,,, . The report of the Postmaster GerateallWo4„ ".' sents fully the Condititm-o446abalepartbstrna' of the government. Its expenditures her the lastliszal year. were 8.10,407,868, and Its crofts receipt, 87,620,801—making an excess oforpentlitttre over receipts- of 2-R87,040 Thoileileteney- ef-thin tirptertmorre-io- Alter s74.l 000 greater than for the per ending - cue 80, 1853. Of this deflcieticyi 4330,000 rettitrif alltrired postmasters lip . - the' ler si r— Ccineetts of J ane 22, 1851: The mail hug: ,y_ part a...the oeuntry.have-beem.-- reliemehmerettned in that period, Sod Use large addition of railroad service, amounting to 7.980 miles, has added largely to the coot of Remitter:anon. [ - The inconsiderable augmentation of tee income of the Pest Office Department node the rednzed,istes of postage, and Its Ischia ing -expenditures, must. fur the presimt, matte it dependent to smite extent upon the treasury for support. The recommendations lif the Post Master General, in relation to the hOPlon of the.franking privilege, and his 'ibrs on the estaWislantent pi' mail isteam , Olives, deserve the 'conitiduration,of Cu-. i Emig. I alto call the special attention of cop r .,rooo to the strtement of the Ileiletinsister t./entral respecting the suing ,now paid kw .. .- _ , • the tninsportation of mails to the Panama .Reikoad Company. and commend to their • lfairombie Consideration li the tinges i thrtt effacer in ret t roe - to-new eon-- t amnia tranvortation upon thatronto, an a upon the 1 ehuaidepec and Nreafilir gm routes. ' Ille_United._,Stat ea ,CD.ntinnstitt_liic_erticrii • inent of amicable relatitinit with all foreign ',gofers. Wiwn my , last annual message_ we. /ran* iiiittini to Congrens. two nukleate of eetreire. N i•my, one relating to the eidnitmeat of aol. dices , in this country byr foritgn service, and - the other to Central America, threatedai ter • ' disturb gaol understanding between the . knifed Soi tea. and GrCat Britain. ASV Au , progress amitern,mation of the former Tow : bon you were inforrned i tit the time, gaae‘ithe •- other is now in the nay of satisfactocr44.,- justment. The object of lire contention liefweenlhap.t. Unitee.glates and Great Britain, of the a* , Apnl, 1850, was to ISCCIIIV, for the bennlikfte all nations, the neutrality and the otironeer use of any transit way, or inter-oresuilififoTaV— niunication, across the istbuina of Panama, which might he opened within the Wong.- ...... of Central America. 'f lie pi etension_ __ ' fluently asserted by (treat Britain, W il t.: minion or control over territories, in or hear two of the routes, those of Nicaragua. bid Honduras, were deemed by tf.e U. Stator, not merely incompatible with the main otr ject of the treaty, but opposed even to ite express atiptilations. oe,-anion of eodtfo. verse); on this point has been removed by an additional treaty, s 11;c'i our Minister at Lou.. don has e nicluile•l, and e hick will be haat*. . dintrly ~u him tted to the Senate for cousins: ration. Should the propom•tl supplemental :..., ,inTawicitient be eoneoure,l in by ell the par. ties tri'be affected by it, the of couteni- Oaf - 4 - I , ly the original convention will hav e . been fully attained. The treaty between the United Stahl And Great Brandt, of the sth of June, rant, which nein into selfective operation in 1855, put an end to causes of irritation between ' the two countries, by securing -to the lining! States the fishery on the mast of the Itrit,sh North Amoriciiii pri winces with ,ad. vastves equal to those o , ijoyetl hy Btitiala subjects. Ilesules the signal benctita of,thits treaty ton large dais of oat, (-ilium ensi ,v,Teqt in s yurhuit connected to nu iiiiimutideribilks agree tt ith our natio:ALl I,nr,perity strength, it has s had s; far nribte - eflEct other interesta uttlro proviNion it enailif reciprocal Ireeanin of laaile INtween the U. Slate and the Ilratah pnivtlicea in Americo 'Dm •,,sports nt rlatn. tic firtleloB to thorli?,o -during- tht-le-st, test- • • • room thin $:!2,0114) 0011, exceetilug thaw of titt !kit...veiling year Ly nearly its7,ooo 11181)*-* stay the imports ticii c 11111. during the.sadwr peri id, amounted tom ire than $21,000 VOW —an morease of . .;,6,110U 000 upoA i,140,01.0C thOlprevious year. -.- - .- he hurr.lvelt condition of this braarh oe-; oui'solonit r.a., is wanly a ttritutal4o - -44* above invoLione4l mat). " Art_rt ' •,:‘ 4 ' EN NO. 2. TM