©nlv call for ** -• b
wilhes. The/ vuliivt frnn HW UU of *"•"
cbi.guti.>ii. • i i
but the -ffcrtidn take* more fur gr^*<**, u '-"
there ioreal>4i 50 l>elv ve true.
Louii the XVI. uo W.,t14 r»'t •" nar
canted from tsafan, ol ftatt; faoi Louis' «A v i.
was a humane kiud-hcarted «r.an. * >' c
his early youth had entitled him to fhiscairi
ter. It i» natural Ira man ot luch poUe.
ro become interfiled in the cause ol tnofc who*
lie protects or aios; and if the concurrent testi
mony of .he period m,y be credited, there wa.
no man in France r.u,reperfonal!y friend y M.the
cause of this country than Louu the aV I lam .
much miGnformed it reputed decuiauons o
(hi vcr.erable franklin did nol attel* this Ut.
It is a M tribute to the people of trance to
admit, thiit they manifelkd a lively mtere. in
Z «trfe of An,erica; but wh.U moUves are
fenne.l who «»» Uj now much of it »to b
afcribed f, the a,*. P athy wn ch they bore to
their rival neighbors; how much to thc.c fym
p.,thy in t. e object of our pu, fu.t ? It» ««
that the lovu of liberty was not a lenti
rnat in France, v.hen a s.-dfcr our .wife hill
a-jDeared amonz ijwt people.
f There i> reason to be ieve too, that the a -
tachment to our cause, which ultimately became
vcr V cxtr.nl.vc, if not K eucnl, did not \
with the iruifs of the- French people, .t uopn
wi.il tiw Clicks n;ore immediately, conn
with tIJ goveinm nt, and w M toci.ee a-ffufcJ
through,itiit nation. .
This obftrtatioii, besides its teuder.c) to cor
red ideas, which V« calculated to give » »• -
direction to-the public feeling, may feiwc t>
check the spirit of .li.beral inv'e&ve, which has
been wantonly U>J»lg J u S mift th-fc dilta
rutfhsd friends of America, who, though th-
M'.thors of the French revolution, have fallen
"alms to it; because their prin*pics would
not peril! t them to go the length of an entire
fubvcifion of the monarchy.
The preachers of latitude arc not .(honed
. to brand Uuh the XVI. as a tyrant, and La
FayM, as a traitor. But how can we wonder at
this, when they miuuate a diftru.l even ot
~~in urging the friendly disposition to our cause,
tnur.ifeftedby the people or France, as a motive
,0 our gratitude towards that pe pie. it ought
not to be forgotten, that those difpufibons were
not confined to the inhabitants of that country.
TheY were eminently shared by the peop e o
the United Provinces, produced to us valuable
pecuniaty aids from their citizens, and event
ually involved them in the war on the fame Cde
with, us. It may be added too, that here the
patronage of our cause emphatically begun with
the community' not originating is in trance
with the government, but finally implicating the
gorenumpt in the consequences _
Our cause had also numerous friends in other
countries; even in that with which we were at
wa r —Conducted with prudence, moderation,
jullice, and humanity, it may be fold to have
been a counter cause among mafikm.; conciliat
ing the countenances of Princes, and the aßec
ticn of nations. . . r
The difpoCtioni of the individual citizens of
frar.ee can therefore in no fcnlc be urged as
con diluting a peculiar claim to our gratitude
As- far as thtre is foundation for it, it mutt be
referred to the finite, rendered to us; and,' in
the fir!t instance, to the unf.jitun te monarch
that rendered the®. This is the condtifion of
nature and reason. . ,
A further view of this fubjcA is refervci for
another paper D 1 r„ e
No. VI.
verv-men who not long since, with a
JL In.!) would have been glad to make
an niitb> df j-s of any one who ftiotild have pre
sumed t,» tiJfjgn bounds to our cJbiigatiuns to
Louis tUe XVI. are now ready to consign to
tlie flames those who \entu e even to thi: k,
that he died a proper obje<st ot our » yinpatJ»y
or regret. Tne greatelt pains are taken to
e <eits against him our detelfcation* His lup
pofed perjuries and crimes are founded ni the
public ear, with all the exaggeration* of in
temperate declaiming. Ail the unf-r< ved and
ivntrM&itled a lie gat tons which have been brought
against him are taken for granted, a* the
oraclos of truth, on no better grounds, than
the mere general presumptions-—that he could
hot have been a friend to a :evolution which
ftrijoed ai:u of*fo imtrij power—-that it is not
like'y f, *e Convention would have pronounced
him guilty, ajid convened him to so ig;ipmi
riio~us aTat'e, if be hiul been rea'ly innocent.
It ij very poifibie that time may disclose
Vnd proofs, vvhi'ch will fu'oftantiate the
guilt imputed to Louis ; but these and
proof, have notyet been authenticated to the
•.voild ; arid junic? ad.monifhes in to wujt tor
their and authentication.
Those who have molt clolely attended to
the course of the trarfa&ion, find lea ft cause
to f>e convinced of the criminality cf tlie de
caed monarch. While his coup Tel, whose
characters give weight to their ailertious,
f/ith an aii of cm cious truth, boldly appeal
to fass and proof*, in the knowledge and pof
Jeflion of tlie Convention, for the refutation
of the charges trough! again# him-—the mem
bers of that body, in all the debates upon the
fuhjeft which have reached t lis country, ei
ther dire&ly from France, or circuitoufly
• hrongi'England, appear to have contented
fhemU-lves with «[fuming the exifter.ee of the
Charged, and inferi ing f om them a cri
• minaHry which, after the abolition of the roy
alty, they were inrerefted toeftablifh.
The' preemptions of guilt drawn from the
yhich have been gated, are more
than counterbalanced by an oppoftre preemp
tion. i* roo obvious not ro have occur
red to many, though I do not recoHeft yet to
met with if in print;—lt is this :
If thiConvcatio:} iutf poiTelTedclear evidence.
r»f tV "Louts, they wotjM hala p'o
- irefl rto '■ world 'ill »•> an J
iira/. 1 .ri: 1.-!.-"-!'' _' 1 "" U ' ""
of'in'.nkn-d, 0Q c : ,a f a f*';
tiie imereitof t-N-'tr can!?; inane W» *J|
Wo*.', duty; n'ar| tan the J* lan.-
:\.«o ily afe'iW 't« any otaei '".on, t.aft
ttic wanto iftuh cvijio&cc.
Tne.i'nfeie-'ce lY"in this is, tlrat the melan
choly c»tmftropbe of LootsXVi- was tSe re
lultot a political expeo.ency, utiiei
than of real criminality
in i cafe fit circuinltai.cad, f«s rt > , c:,n !t
consist with qur jofi ce or mi' humanity, to
partake in the »ne«7 and vindictive
whtjcik..*Ke to be excise '
the unfortunate monarch ? V»' \ c »* f •** "'. i
him to have been horn & Piince . no .
circumitancc fo.feithii title to the cmnlMTe
ration due to hi l ! misfortune'; as a man .
Would platitude Jiftatc to a peopli t'' y
;1 <; are t .. e people Ostitis country, to luJ ttar
aid to extend to the Con the misfortune* « the
father ! Should we not be more ocrMßi ot
vio'apmg no obligation of that WnA— >»• »*'
imoliciting the delicacy of our national cha
chara^er-—sy taking no part ... the contelt—
»ha» by throviug our weight into, cjticr
11 would not a just eflimate of the orig.il and
"protrrtfx of our relations to France, viewed
witn reference to the mcie rj-j»ft.on O' R ra "-
Midtf, Md n. tt> thU reu.it—that we 6u._it
,v.r to ' be part againit the lon ard furcefflir
of a fat'Kt'. on whose sole ufi ilc|ie;.idefi tne
,llilU:.ce which »s received that we ought
not *1 Hit /■<"! with H.m againit .he liaticjli,
whole blood nid whole treasure had beer,.<»
the hand, of the father, the means ol the allut
arice 'f>» ded n ? .
Bat we are 'ow-timei told, by way cd an
fwc>, Hi'' rTie ca» r e of France i» the can r p-ot
lihe tv : and thi»t we are. bound to aCi« the,
•ii,tloi'» on the fctfre of their being ff.nß«B«»'«
the defence of that came- How i»Y tliii-idea/
ought to crr> us, will be the lubjaftoi i*me
ex snnn.it!on.
It is only necelfi y here to cli.erve, that u
prSfents a quest.on effential'v different Iron.
that w;hich has heeiv in diftaDion. It we are
bound-to aililt the French nation, on the prin
ciple of their being embarked in the deft-nee
of libe. Tv, this is a ground altogether foreign
to that of .rratitode. Gratitude has referei.c/?
only to ku.Jofin ttctived. The obligation to
aflift the cair'is of liberty, has reieretice to tbe
merits ot that' cause, aild to the interctt we
have in its (import. It ooflible, that the
henefai'tor mav be on one 'fide—'he dclenders
and .ii'.'i'ior''ters of liiieity on the other __Gra
titnde InaV point one way—the loveol
another. It is therefore iniportan to jut!
conclufnns', not to corfmnd the two thinjj;.
A fentiiaent of Jnftice more tlian t'ne im
portance of,the qneftioii itl'elf has led to so
particular a difculfion, ref|«aing tlw proper
object ot'' whatever acknowledgment Hiay be
due from the United States for the aid wj»rri
they received-!', o.n France during the rtuvn
revjoHi
Xl>e extent of the obligation wh'ch it.riiay
iinpa'e is by far the mnft interefti'i" enquiry.
A I'd tiwwgh 'f i 55 that enong l i f)as
bi'cn already laid toe\ i ce, that :t doei in no
d.-g-ce iC'ja'ie us to embark in t'ii-- wiv ; yet
there i • ar..»th?r -,nd a very fctplf vipw of
the fiibjecr, which is too cAa to he
omitted.
The afliitance lent us Tiv Fiance was as
forded by a reat lnd powerful nation,
efling numerous arr "
t*He Force to be contended with.—The posi
tion of Europe was favorable to tlie enter
prise ; a general di'polition prevailing to fee
the power of Great-Britain abridged.—The
co-ope ation of Spain was very much a mat
ter of course, and the probability of other
powers becoming engaged on the fame fide riot
remote.—Great Britain was alone and likeiy
to continue so—France had a great arid"p£r
fuafivc interest in the separation of this coun
try from Britain. In this jitnation with
much to hope and not much to fear, she took part
in our quarrel.
France is at this time Jiigh engaged with
the greatest part of Europe,' iiuli«li»g all the
firft rate powers, cscept one, and in danger
of being engaged with all' the rrft. To ale
the emphptic language of a member of the
National Converitionr—(he has but'one enemy
aoil that is • ail Euaoi'S. Her interual fcf
fjiriare qiilhaul d.uhl in fcrious di!'oiiler.—
Hir nwy Comparatively'iiiconfKlerable. The
<Jnifed State; are a young nation ; theiV po
pulation rapidly increaling, still small
—their refou' ces, though growing,not great ;
without armies, without fleets—capable f ojn
the nature of the country and the (pjrit of
inhabitant* of immense exertions for ielf:
defence, but little capable of those external,
efforts which could materiaily serve the cau r e
of Frame. So far from haying any. direct
int'ereft in going to war, they have the (I on£-
eftjnotivesof iutereft to avoid it. Bv em
barking witl» France- io the war, they would
have incomparably.more to apprehend, than
to hope. * 1 ' * <- ,M
This contrast of filiations and induce,
ments is alone a conclusive demonftra'iion,
that the United States are not under an obli
gation, from gratitude, to join France in the
war. The u'tcr disparity between the cir
curriftances of the service to be rendcrtd y and of
t : ie fefvice received, proves, that the one cannot
be an adequate basis of obligation fi>r the other
—Thepe would be a want of equality, and
confequentlv of reciprocity.
But complete jullice would not be done to
f'lK qapftion of'latitude, were no notice to
lie taken ot" the addrcft, which has appeared
in the- public papers (the authenticity of which
not been impeached} from the Convention
->t Fra tc-.'jti the United States; announcing
the appointment of the prelent Minister l*!e
nipotenriuii'. Xn th.it addrei's the Convention
i:"'' • \
470
««t;.efv.n "--t t'< ':**; Halifax s.) j.i.ie 25.
Fieiltt. I'uJ? t|,e L '*' itL - j l.a:t i «- •"•■Jur gt
StHi". lu itti'Vc t-c r ii:>k*pen<lei't», was i nc , „} OgiJ»i# c •» l' l ®
„,.|y tw fu t uiJ Ull ' 1 J '' l "" i Alligator frigsie 110111 it. J-eier.-.,
r )r,\ t* 1 iuoit»cus view». >0 fc»
j-Vance bo, ctk cr.i.un.l' a"" 5 Uaiilpo.ts, nuvi.»g on WiU
the career oftheu proipe- Ut*e«n J ami 600 pnloi.crt, and
ntv 1 lome lloie3.
If this information is to be admitted in the The governor of St. Peters, wai
full force of tie terms it is veiy fatal to tue brought iieicinlhf /Vilig;u<»r, and
claim of grated* towards '" is a t liberty te walk about ihetown.
, The p, ifoners look extren,^
0.1 wm.le --v-.il the aid given u-. depended, acu-u health}, and appear to have been
not only from motives irrelative to our ad- treated with the greatelt huniailil/
vintage, but from unworthy motives, 01 as a))C j l-indiicfs. ■ —"
'it is iLa ted, from a bale fpecu'.atioi:— :t alter
. wards he dil'playcd a temper holtile IP the
conh'rma:ion of,vur (jcurity and pi • ■f, je . r ") l t
he acquired no title to our jgratirudc Hi |he
firft i'dlanciL or he lone, ted it in the fetoml.
Ar.d the nation <il"France, who can diilyclaim
i it in rirtuenf the- conduct ot their mult
together with him renounce ti epi ctcnfion.
It is an obvious principle, t! at it a nation can
clam merit fiom 11 e good deeds ct its love
reifet, it aunt answer for tiie demerit ol his
raiAvch. The rule to be .1 good Ore, limit
apply b»th ways.
But some deductions are to be made from
the ugi'eltions contained in the addielsot the
Cotiention, in reference to the motives
-..-inch evident 1 )- dictated the comniuriic: tion.
Tleir zeal to alienate the good .11 o» tins
v"Jbi.tr) from the late monarch, a-d 10-
c 1 ra f '-' t'.e odium tf ;e r'i c: ch nation a:' am It
the moiiarchv, svnsch was so aident as to make
,!<i,i overlook the tendency ol their commn-
Ini'-anor, to dila-i.i their vo ; aiies among us
of the plea of gratitude, may justly beluipect
cd of e fcagge ration.
- The truth probably is, that the ir)tJp.'Cuh.
Iron charged, amounts to nothing nioie tiian
that the governiireitt of France, in atfbtding
Jus alliance, was dnrtftvd by the Wives
w..il*; have been attributed to it, nnmul), the
t'. ore of promoting the interest ot t rant;, by
ieifening the power ol Great-!}; ataiu, a d
opening 1 lie.v channel ot c ir.merce to her
ieii—that the o. Dei s said to bave been given
to the Ambtiiiadors of Fra ice to tt-'p tiie ca.
reel- of our p oljieriry aie relolvable into
\ ipsc-iiiative jealousy pt't.he mimftJis el the
div, left the United Slates, by becoming as
p i-.verful a 1 <i great as they aie capable ol be
comma innlei a.i elUcient guvei iiii.cnt. might
prove formidable - to the European jiof.VCions
in America. With these ijua!.fic.it.o..; and
allowances, the i-.ddrels otiei s no new d- co
very to the intelligent and u.ibiallt'd f. lends
of their country. They knew long ago t at
the interest of Fi ar.ee had been the governing
1110 iv_- of the aid orforded 11s; and they law
cle irlv enough, in the convei Cation and c >11-
dust of her ag:nts, while the present corftitiv
tion of the I'itiU-d States was under tonlidera
tion, r'l it the government of winch rhjj.v .v. rt
the inft 1 urn: nts, would have preferred our re
maining under t'-e o'd I'niii, ior tie rcalor
which his been dated. They perceived a,Co
that thelV views had their effect- upon Come ol
the devoted partisans of Fiance among our
charaAers are embodying then.felvio with a'.
the a-d they can obtain, u-uler the lifc'j influ
ence, to reftft the operation of that go t ci nmeu
of which tlKy withltood the eftab! fli.mei t.
this was and i; leeu, and the boi'y 0
the people of America are too oYcerni:% ti
. .tai k about it. Too wife ti
nave been m:I!-d by foreign or domestic :11a
I'filiations, thc-v adopted a confritution whicl
was neceiiary to tui lately xl d to their hap
pi'iefs. Too wife (till to lw ensnared by tin
fame machinations, they will support the go
vcmmeiit rhey have eft iblilhed, ano> will t
care of their own peace, ill f'pite > i'the inii
.lion; elfurts which are making to detach ther.
from toe one, and to diilurb the other.
Toe information which the add 1 el's of the
Convention contains, ought to Cerve as an in
ftruftive lcHbn to the of this country
It o.isht to te.>eh us not tn over-rate florin
ftitnJJhips—to be upon our guard again!! /o
reijn attachments. The former will geneia.l
be found hollow «lnd delnfiye ; the iatter wil
have a natural tendency to lc..d a. ahde'fron
«ur own tiui inteieft, and to make us tin
dupes ot foreign influence. They introduci
a principle of a-tion, which in its eiTects, i
the expreHion may lie allowed, is anii-iiaiun nl
Foreign influence-is trulythe GttiLCr „n H; r.s.
to a republic. \V"e cannot be too carjri-1 t<
exclude its entrance. Nor on !ft w-e to ima
gii.e, t.iat't can only make its appioaciies ii
the gross finn ofduafft bribery, 'it is the,
mofl dangerous, when it comes tiiider tl-,e pa
trc*iage < t .cu.- pafiiotis, under the
national prejudice and partialitv,
I trull the morals ot this country are ye
too good to leave much to appie'-ci'd on tin
score of bribery. Care ill's, corticfcentm.is
nattery, in unison with Oiir prepofiVflions
ire infinitely more to be feared ; a-d as fa
li there i. opp.irtur.it) t.ir coi rnption, it is t<
H reine iibered, that one fireign power cai
moloy this rel'ource as well as another, an
ha| thee.Tea mud be niucli greater, when :
s combined svith the other meani of infli
.-nee, ttin.ii where it ft and; alone.
-
«t match i»>r
At ifoeihying of the corncr ltone of ihc Hotel
to be built by lottery in the Federal Citv, no
wards of 1500 people w:<e prelcnt, and walked
Irom thence in proefflion, preceded »'lodge of
I'ree-malon*, io a d.rinei, the uriucipsl diik of
which consisted of an ox mimed whole. A
numhei of toafh were <1 rai.k on the ocrafior.,
am. rite day concluded with much hu mony.
B. The principal fiont of the Hotel will
txitnd one hundred nnd twcri'y fecr, and the
jffcmbly room will be 43 bv so. ' T!i«j whol
*«or™,beb-tildin4 in Amt
fica, perhaps iii a»v oihej country.
' j
PACIFICUS.
Wajhington, July 4, t 79a ,
AUGUSTA, (\.»cor.) Jrtne 20..
We are authorised to .mention,
that ollicjsl coimjiiiiiicaiiont have
been received from the President
of the United States, by our govern
ment, forbidding Georgia (o cn:er
into any cffenfive war with ihe
Creeks. Tlit-fe orders authorize
the railing of one company of caval
ry and one of infantry, each 10 con
fid of one hundred men, to be cum.
iniHioned by the Governor of this
Itaie. a.id under Continental pay
wliilft in actual lervice.
Jt is faitl that a fcbooner has been
lately fitted out at Savannah, under
a Ki ench commission, to cruize a
gainlt the Btitilb. This p.ivateer
is commanded by a Fi enclitnan,
manned chiefly by Americans, and
owned by a Mr. Putnam.
Jv/y 27. General Pickens will set
out in she com fe of ihis week i 1 dm
Hopewell, in South-Col olina, for
Philadelphia.. ,
WINCHESTER, (Vir.) July 8,
By a gentleman from the Creek
nation, v/e are informed, that the
canCe of the aggi effious of that na
tion, on the < itmberland feitlers, is
by certain traders tellit>«* the Indi
ans, that cotflYtrv was thrown away
by Congi ess, and thety could do the m
mifchief with iniptinity. V\ hat mo
tive could these traders have for in
fufing such (entimem* into savages ?
rone, we can conceive, but .hat of
buying hoifis very cheap, which
the Indians Tteal from ths»,t place.
Q.ll the morning of the i-ath iiifl.
about the of day, Ca|>t. j«*n
Pfiiwiv wh"
company of inonnted infantry, con
fiding of (ifiy fix ; made an anark
011 the Hanging Maw's family, and
other Indians, who were invited
there by oider of government.
Major King and Daniel Cai in sclia
el, were at tl>e Hanging Maw's at
the time, and report that BeaircJ's
pai ty had killed Scantee, Fool Char
ley, one of'the chiefs of-' Hightower,
Betty, the daughter of Kittakiflia,
and federal others ; among thein a
white man, named Wiliiain Rofe
bprry. The Hanging Maw and his
wife both wounded, and Betty, the
daughter of Nancy Ward. Major
King and Daniel Carniichaei Isrjr
that it wis with grtfat rifqiie 6( then*
lives, they escape.d through the fiie
of these enraged whitemcn, and al
l'<J at their particular enireaty, they
spared the red of ihe Hanging
Maw's family, and did not bum his
house.
We hear that Capt. Beaird was
pofi:ively lellritfted by Gov Blount's
orders, fVonv cr fliivg ;he Tennessee,
'and to confine his piirluit- o that
parry of Indians, who had lately
killed the two Gilltims, or a librfe
fteajiiig party, iu the fame, neigh*
boi hood.
BALTIMORE, J.ity'to.
.The Coiiiinirtee appointed to
mine the fiiuation of the French
fleet arrived iti this harbor, a.n'jj
to afcerraiii the number of piifiea
gera, ainl ihe relief riecettarjf dO
be given them, Repqrt,
THA J- they visited \ j of the fltips,
and found on board g;i paflengers,
exclusive of people of cojour and n.e
gioes, ot which number about ioo
me women and children—.that th«
pafleivgers in other ships arrived and
expetfed are probably equal to the
above number, of which they have'
advised aii accurate report to be
made to tTie Confol of the French
Republic—That the diftreiies of
these unhappy people has not been
exngeraied, or perhaps equalled,by
the information already given to
the public—That an exertion of
great humanity is iitdifpenf.illy ne*
celling in the town of Baltimore, to