of§ • — —, / •« A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLIS-HI.D WELJMKSDAY.N AND SATURDAYS' FY JO UK FENXO, No. 34, Ni'BfH fIFTH-STH(s£T, ¥HILADfcLPH 1A [No. 109 of Vol. IV.] * » - of the imnZ&STJTES. THOPCIITS ON TWK ST\T*E OF AMERICAN INDIANS. (Continuei jro.n No. 107; of '.hi' Gazette.). No. IX, IN the prog' ess of ocietv, the art* naturally follow agriculture. The. cultivation of »rts and manufactures requires the joint la- bar and (kiil of many individual. As they add nothiiiß to the productive power of the focist', th?ydepetid upo" the furphls produce »f the cultivators of the foil for their support. T ie number of hufbandinen mud become con- Ittterahle before diftlnft protoiTToni and a divi fion of labor are neiieflVry. In the early stages of (bciefey, every family manufactures its own fceceiTa'us. As society improves and num bers .uicreafe, a division of employ me nt takes p} ac —.rtne who is expert in huts, excNaiges labor with the farmer, and erects him an habitation \yhile the farmer supplies him w th sod—another excels in making cloathes; he of course becomes theger.eraJ workman for the focietv. Such we may ima gine to have been the on gin of every profef fion—the habit of attention acquired by con fhnt exercise in their refpeftive employ ments, give them a dexterity and' acutenefs which kept pace with the improvement of the fwciety. The arts moil neceiTary to fo cietv, and which are firft cultivated, are fuck as relate to the preparation and use of food— the materials of cloathing—the prodn&ion and use of metals, and the conftruftnon of proper habitations. A brief detail of these j<nece(tary for the illustration ot the The instruments neceflary to facilitate labor and render the earth proper for tillage, are numerous and ingenious, and beyond the at tainment of savages. . The cultivation of graia alf(Vrdqitires long experience and much observation to bringit to perfection—the art of reducing grain to flour, tins again to btead, isjlowjy acquired; and the latter must have cost the experience of ages. Some na tions at'prefent are not acquainted with the art of fermenting their paste. ous liquors also require much experience, and many rude efTays mud have been made to render them in any degree palatable. Gar dening; and the-cultivation and improvement ©P plants and fees, are in like manner of dift ficidt diCcovery, and remote from the obfer yat'on of savages. The r e arts ari r e immediately from the cul tivation of the foil, and a : e neceflary in a greater or less degree to the infancy of civil fbciety. As fofirr as men proceed beyond the savage ftate v they for foaiething different from the of* beads? for defence or ornament. Eve y step in the art of cloathing is difficult so a lavage—the raifi.ig of the flax and wool— the* means of converting fhefe into' thread and yarn, and the inmvmerab'e gradations in the procePv of manufaduring these into cloth, inquire long attention and much ingenuity* The use of metal* also is of great service in tfte early stages of society, and greatly ac eel<* r 3tes the progrefe of refinement; the methods of procuring them are however dif ficult, and in a mea'ure unknown to men in the firft period of society. The d'fcovery of the ore—the means of extra&ing, refining andfoging it—the ait of erecting furrraces— «f procuring fuel, and of contriving machine ry for the abridgement of tailor—the art of tem »erUig the metal—the fibricalion of in- a id indeed the w.hole prucefi of the work, requires much trnc, much- tion % and muc'i exper ence, to bring them to any degree of perfection. The art of con ft rusting habitations for use ♦r elegance, is a primary ol>je<st of atrention ki the ea l : eft period of society. Atfirft, like all othe arts, it mud have been extremely Tude. The felling of the timber, the contriv ing and trdjufting the proportion*:, the tools proper for these purposes, and the whole that relates to to pa ntingand ornament, are difficult and imperfect, while the arts of civilized life are unknown. Att these arts are neceiTary to the full efta blilhment of civil society—-they are however •f difficult invention and flow progress, wtwn 4eft wholly to the rude efforts of uninftrufted genius. ■ Inexperience, ages elap r ed before they ar rived at any cimfiderable pe'feftion.—Thefie arts we have it in ou r power to communicate tntb* savages ; and by being early introduced among them, would contribute greatly to their Advancement towards poMhed manners. These are the means which appear to me noli proper to bs employed to bring the In dians t* tHe knowledge and enjoyment of the fcteffiwgs of civilization. Let a plan be contrived that will embrace the whole of these objects—To inftruft them fci 'elision—to regulate the inllitution of marriage—to introduce the notion of private property, of a fixed residence and agricul ture*—to furnifli them with the instruments of art, and to inftruA them in such as arc ">o4 aeceXuy to the iufmcy of foeiety. Saturday, June 15, *793. Let ftutable per Tons lie chosen and' r«f)t j am the i'urntftad with nmteri*]?*] for tlu' pi?oje(sttd I-Qt a con nexion be so med between them and t' 9 Uni ted States, and let it be made their inter eft to maintain peace with us, and cultivate our • fri.'ndfhip. T'var th'efe objects are deferable, I bebeve none wilLdenv—That - they may be atc.otii plifhed, we.have fuiriciont encotiragen.c'oi to warrant an experiment—'that the expence (hould deter us from attempting if, cannot be admitted-— the money already expended on the war* in which we we engaged witn would well nighfnffice to carry every arvarge raent I have fu&gefted into effi?:sV. It would surely redound more to the honor and inteieil oft be United Srate's to civilize, than to extir pate them. The attempt is further recom mended by the consideration that this is the only way a permanent peace with them. Tl.efe ohfer vat loir;. art iiitcpjdsd'o excrre forne attention to a fuhjeft hitherto not tJHfcek explored—to remove. fome-niiltake r corceTp' ing it, and to 'f.r : e to more benevolent fenti-. mfcrtts towards the Indiahs- They arf dic tated' by no>parry, foiixd«4 <m> no favorite hypothesis,, but on general principles of hu man nature, and such as have served a* the bails oftfates in former times, and are with detereiicei'uhmitted to the public, by their humbleitcrvant, LTCCURGOS. ♦ I v r/k not to be undujhid br tfih, to fay any thing rcipefling tin jujiicc «r policy of the xuiir in which we are now engaged with the Indians, FXOM THE (NEW-YORK). DIARY. IT Uavcircumffance highly gratifying to eve ry class of well disposed orderly citizen*, to fee that.the high executiveaurhority of the Union, is so well seconded, in his endeavors to maintain the dignity and peace of this happy country, by the Chief Magistrate of the State of New-York. This reflexion arose front mtbrmatinn received yeflerday fionia friend* that certain persona here, unmindf«i of their duty as peaceable citizens, and re gardless of the confequenc.es. winch might re sult to the community at large, from thair raftt conduit, hud equipt for Tea an armed veffbf, and'procured a commission from the French Mini ft er, to cruize a gain ft. and cap ture the property of any of rlrofe nations who are at war with Fracee, though at p&aC£ with America. My informant further a£ fured me, that as soon as Governor Clinton had fuificiently afcertainerf the fa&, that darmg a violation of national faith was a bout tobe perrenated, through the maihiefs and" avarice of a-few individuals, with a vi gilance becomi' g his (fation, and a decision which lias frequent!)' marked his chai after, he ordered the* Ibip to be arretted, and cau ed tliofe persons who had entered on this un» warrantable, enterprize, to be confined.— Tnis prudent and spirited conduct ofooru r Go vernor, I concei him to ihe thanks of the-people of America, and in a particular manner, d mands the tefpeftful ackrrowledg meats .of the citizens of New-York. Many refpeftable peifons in Philadelphia, sensible flf the delicate fi f ution of this conn try,. rela tive considered with the powers at war, have expredcd to the President of the United States, their approbation of that Proclamation, on which the present aft* of our Governor is founded. I submit therefore with all defer ence to the citizens of New-Yo<k > whether an address to-his Excellency Governor Clan ton, expressive of our resolution to aid him it neceflarv, by every means in our power, to preserve the reputation- of the city, and to maintain inviolate the neutrality proclaimed, and to decla e our entire approbation of the manner, by which, he has been pleased to put a (top to an ast, at once fQ unadvTed, auda cious and illegal. A CITIZEN- From the BALTIMORE DAILY REPOSITORY. Messw Printer*, I WISH through the mcJ um of your use ful paper, to communicate to the public the following humane and heroical action ot a vouiTg man of my acquaintance. It refle<sts much honor on the yornig man ; and is highly to tvetv generous heart, particu larly to the members of the Humane Society. On the evening of Sunday, 6 negroes, viz. 3 men, 1 bov, and 2 women, were in a canoe the river Salfafrai; suddenly the canoe funk. Only ore of the poor unhappy negroes could fwini so as to save his life. The other five must inevitably been drowned, but for the noble exertions of Mr. Samuel Councell, who, with fevera] others was providentially on board a veflel, which lay in the river, in fight of the canoe when lh« funk. This yonng man was the only one of the whole company, who through humanity and feeling fur th* unfortunate blacks, braved all danger to re lieve them. He at the dreadful light dipt off his coat, jumped overboard with the refl: bis clothes and Ihoes on, swam to their assist 433 f ■< ~ + it v\?j * rare*iu«» i bi>y wai drowned » ha ,n«vjr •emeige^asricouid*i«t be f.ranA Mr> Couiir celj neiiiy lo.£ Ijis life* in this 'undertaking. ■ He laid I'tn* 3 men on the canoe which wai keel Y'hilft employed in elTeftii.g tni>5 T the It wo.r.rn who M'ere alinoft drowned, i seized hi;n by the {hirt, and dagged him un der water. £ttt-he)\:and ireaits £0 difengaj-e . Imnfeifj.then catching rtiem aga-iri,, he, held them'up with ore-hand, and with the orher feiztd the canos ; remaining in that pofn ion tf !1 two oth?r canoe* cams to his afl'tttance, •ml-carried-- him- with - M«- trophies, fate on fciare. The anlheotic.ty i»f this mav b» de peifdmi o;j. A Coiifiunt university of Pennsylvania IT Iras hitherto been the practice of this Se minary, as it was all along the pvattice both oi'tfte Old College»aml of the Old Uni versity, to examine the feveralj rolls, once ai week J—and on every <uch occasion, to levy fines, except corporal punishment was Id beinlffAH, on such of'the, Students, as,, doniij the preceding week, had* been either lxt»in their attendance, or abil-nt altogether,, at any .particular feiTiou : Bitf v .this fva&ice, however good the de sign with which it wcs was found, to be attended with Tome inconveniences. Thecolle&ion of so* many petty fines was both trouHlefome and* degrading to the Pro-. felFors. Neither, after all, could the iropo fition of thcfe fines be expected to pr oduce the desired efFect : for, if coni'de* able* they' operated rather as a tax upon the parents, than as punifliment on the boys; and, it in con tide rabie, were but too apt to be dif:e garded.—And, as to corporal punifbrwenty the the infl.tflion of it so frequently, and in so public a manner* could Tu»t but tend to wear out,that ingenuous fen'e of fhanie and regard to chara&er, which it is one gieatend ofedu cation to cherish and promote : At a- meeting, therefore, of the faculty, held April i#, 1793» it was unanimously re fnlved, '«* That ail fines and corporal pumfhments for atterrding late, or being absent altogether, at any particular feiQon t< shall be abolilhed '• feoondly, that, on their ft Wednesday o£every month, there (hall bf held-a meeting of tjie ffcveral profaffops and tutors, for the pu'pofe of examining the. general roll* and comparing their federal particular rolls; when,an accurate statement of the attendance and. behavior of each (Indent during tllfc pre* ceding'month, (hall be made out, and pre fenc ed to.his patents or guardians." faculty confide, that by thus, extend ing, as it were,, the authority of parents and guai dians, there will be the less need for the exertion of other authority ; and that the apprelienfion of this monthly notice will be found to have at 1 tuSt as 'ninth influence on the minds of their pupils, as the apprebenfion of the weekly fines ar;d puniflimentt weie found to jjave formerly. Pub'ifhed tor the information of the pa rents and guardians of the students and fcho- Vin at i t Un-iverity •* By order of the Faculty ; WILLIAMS ROGERS, Sif'ry r Philadelphia, Ju»e 11, 1793* 'foreign Intelligence. STOCKHOLM, March 29. BAFON ARMKELD f , the Swed i(h Ambafl'adftr in Italy, has re ligned all his military appointments. The departure of Count Stackel berg, the Rulfisn Ambaft'ndor, will speedily take place : and rhis No bleman will speedily be succeeded bv ( ount Romanzow, hitherto Mi nifterofthe Einprefs at Frankfort. Btfides the regi.meut< which late ly received orders to march, that of Jonkoeping, confiding of 1100 men, lias received orders to hold iilcll in readiness. J his circumftnnce, to which may be added the continual palling of coin iers between this city, Copen hagen and Peieilburg, gives ns tea foa to conjeti tire, that foiue grand projects are planned. 1 he armament at Cai'fcrone is fhordy to be incieafed. His Mpjelly was accepted as a Free Itfafon, on die aad inft. in the-Grand Lodge of this city : the Duke Re gent presided as Grand Mailer. ' The Duke Regent, to give a tok en of his elleem to Sir Sidney Smith, an Englifbtnan. who feived as Col. in our fleer during the last war, has determined to fend as a prcfent >0 Sir [Whole No. 43. j .] Sidney, a •nnfte-rly pon rait of Charles XII. pointed by Kiofifl.ii Kraft. DA N T Z l t, April a In coufcqueiice of ihe preliminary capitulation agreed on betv*een nor Magiiit rates, and' Lie uterin hi. General Von Baniner, the I'ruflian took poH'eflinti of the gates, and' ad vanced works of tilts foi'ti ei'a on the 37th of March. During this surrender, a part of the gariifan of Dantzic revolted. Supported by the mob, they iwok poilefiion of the inner ramparts,and discharged their cannon and ("mall arms at the P ruffian troops. The infurrertjon was quelled in a few hours, with tlie lots of 14 u>*n killed on both fides. The ,apprehension of' il»e ring leaders, aui-rf a'.her falurary tions, haweeffecfted'a complete reWo .lariion of rr*i"»!»jititj"ty."' " We have iw>thirig> w> ftar'tven froni;the furrentler of the ciry. »t ---felf, which is fotlhw in. a tfelw days, becaufi* thei gnita have been removed from theaj/idbn rampitrtts, *ndt he P<*lifli. garrison isu compl'eie ly dif*riinerli. The Royal canuiuffion is dusty ex pected fronv Berlin, f6r tihepurpofe of making freftr, civil' ati 4 commer cial regulations. P A &• The posture of atfai ra on our fron tiers ij hourly becoming more and mote encouraging. PunicHirier is nearly abandoned, and the diffl-reuE corps of the northern at my are ra pidly organizing into an. invincible phalanx. The traitor in his flight had a narrow elcape from, the tij.e of several batr-alions,; his hoife was killed under him, and one of his aid de-camps fell by his fide.— All the heavy artillery is ret unveil Pafe to Valenciennes, and all the provision, stores and ammunition to Douay. The fortified towns on ilie frontier are i.u tlie hell pofliblcltate of defence agaiiift the attacks, of any force whatever, and in a very fllort time, from the exertions that are making, will be proof to the most iibltinate ficge, and provided with every neceti'ary for a grca,r length of time j while t lie enemy are in an exhausted country, and must bring every breaktaft they make some hundreds, of miles. Thus, it is to be hoped, the check that tres»« foil has effected on us, will only serve in the end to disgrace the trai tors. who perpetrated it ; and it v ill be 110 small advantage to.the repub lican cause, if this event qures thjr French of their extravagant tjy for individuals, and that filly proj>eufiiy toenthufiiftic admiration of their leaders, upon every tranf?- ent gale of success- Ignorant or ill disposed people do our cause im mense harm, conilantly spreading alarms and apprehensions on the (late of our affairs, which have ft fa tal effect at a diilance. Recruiting is going on rapidly, and difciplinfe enforcing. Our enemies well know that France can never fall but by an illdiretfted application of its strength. On the 6th instant, after evacuating Malines, an immense ba ilie of property arrived fafe into Douay, to fay, 90 pieces of cannon, 7,50 c mufquets of the firft quality, 2,000 pieces of small cannon with firelocks, 3,0001b5. vvt. of copper, a vail quantity of artillery imple ments, and lastly a mo-tar that was burst in the bombarding of Litte, which the new comi.iillior.ers onth# frontiers have oideied back to that place, in the name of the reprefe-m tatives of the nation, which in their opinion will be a moil acceptable prelent to the people of Lisle, w bos« firmriefs and courage once Caved the republic, and will save it again.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers