Holland, in order to pafi 6*er into
England ; but with more probability
of truth, that under the pietence of
Opening the gales of Sedan to the
ComnuUJoneri of' the National Aflem
bly, he and seventeen of his Jitat Ma-1
jori, among whom were M. A)e*an i
der Lameth.M. Jieauliamois, and M.:
Gouvion, the brother of the general 1
that fell so gloriously, took ihe op- (
portunity of throwing theinl'elvei in
to the hands of one of the advanced'
polls of the enemy, and by which
they were made prisoners of war.
There certainly was no other way
by which he could save hi* fife a
gainst the decree of the Allembly,
which inltigated every one to limit'
him down.
" We have this day accounts that
the coiniiiiirioiier3 have fnfpeuded M.
Luckner. 1 his feeble old inan,\vh.Qj'e
Germanic tliirft of" money would
make him yield toe»ery polfible con
dition, however fordid, the comntif
iioners, upon enquiry, did not chul'e
to eotruli with the fate of fiance.
" You will fee that M. Manunorin
was taken at the house of a wafher
woinan in '.he KauxbourgSt.Antoine,
His examination at the bar of the as
sembly was *ery interelting. His
dexterity in repelling the members
•was admirable. He laid, the letters
found in the Thuilleries were not
addrefled to him. He had no apart
ments in the .Palace. There was a
jiother Montmorin, governor of Koji
tainbleau, and to him poflibly these
Jtueis might be directed. Onlearch
ilig him fever a I doles of opium were
found in his pockeiK ; but so perfect
■was ills address, that it is thought
tiny will not find ground for accufa
lioti in his conduct."
1 he fblpenfiim of M. Lixkner and
M. Union, lias followed the flight of
M. <le la Kayeue; The JVlaielchal
has o.f late.begun to think his puwei
foinewhit independeni ut the legilla
tive hotly. and M. Drl'lon's fit ft' iditer,
after the loll) ii<H. certainly judical
ed an jnien.-jim to lupport ihe King
against the N&Uonal rtfJeii'bly, ifaflv
uggle could he maintained between
• hem. M. kellei man has ihe com
mand of M LOtklitVs aiiny.
!• i The.three commiliu'iiers lately im
pjiifontd at Sedan, are now■•■veleafcj!,
»*EX!NO i ON ..(Kentucky) Sept. 13.
■fxirafl oj a -It! let fnm a gentleman at
¥ert WajhiiigtOH, dated Sept. 7.
\ t ' '' I arrived,here lull evening, and
fhi» in ft ant Geti. Wiikini'on arrived-;
Jhe has been to the battle ground and
two pieces of cannon that were
' Jptt «ft the unfortunate fourth of No
"tCßibcr lalt. Lalt night a party of
'ladtans came to Fon-Hainihon and
"look off about sixty hoi fes of" the Con
tradiors ; Capt. Baibee with 60 men
.** f' I fuit of thein, mwl 1 make iu>
Wfjll overtake ihem."
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES
ML CH has been lately (aid and written about
the Secretary of Staies' political versatility,
1 don't know much about hu politics,, but havjrig
tome time ago read htt book, entitled Notes onVir
gwta, wherein is an elaborate attempt to p.ove
that the negroes are an inferior race of animalr, I
wa* not a Jurlc furprifird at a later to; a certain
Benjamin fiaiineker, a black man, lately publtfh
cd, in which he fays, '® tfiat nature has given to
".hu black brethren talcnif equal co those ol other
" colours, and that the appearance of a want of
44 them is owing merely to the degiaded condi
tion of their exilteuce both in Africa and Am' -
14 nca." The to which I allude iu his
book (and whitn evince considerable ve*fatilitv in
hi i> p/n/oJ<jpJiuaJ opinions) are so diametrically 'op*
poiue to this I'entiment that for the fake of thok
who may not have it, I will transcribe them.
Mr. Jctteifon, I understand, had formed a c'uri
ous piojt&ol emancipating the (laves-Of Virginia
aud then Ihipping them ail to tome other country ;
in page 252 ot hi* book, he fays, 44 it will proba
bly be a Iked, why not retain and incorporate tht
blacks into the Siatt ?" he aufwers, 44 deep root
ed prejudices entertained by thr whites, ten thou
land rccolledions by the blacks of the injuries
they have fultairted, new provocations, the realdf
tindions which i.atu)e hjs made, and many oihct
cucuioftanccg will divide us into parties and pro
duce Gonvulfious which will never end but in the
extern) ination ot the one or the other race. T<»
these objedhons which are polnical, may be added
others which arc phy ileal and moral. The fir ft
diitercnce which strikes us is that of colour, whe
ther the black ot the negro resides in the reticular
Tnemb'ane between the fltin and scars skin, or in
*he scars fk:n itfelf, whether it proceeds from the
colour ol the blood, or the colour ot the bile, or
from mat of feme other secretion, the difference is
fxed id nature as real as if its feai and cause
Vvf ' l Qttter knowii to us.—And is this difference oj
t.o importance f Is it not the foundation or a greatei
or a«c ihare of beauty the two raccs ? Are not
the tint mixtures of red and white, the expref
i*on* of every pafiton by greater or less fuffufions
cl colter in-the one, preiw«Uleto that eternal mo-
I *lwh reigns in the to«mcn;rce«, iftit
• immovable veil of black which covert SlUhc cmo.
- itonsol the other race f Add to ihefe, finding halir
a more elegant lymineuy fnriji, their nun rnit
mntmjamrojtketuhuu, d-cu.td by 16,/p'.
• teiem-c ol ibem as unilomity »s is lie pctcrzvu at
\"" Orm-OoHnJor the Hack women ourtut,ft olk„
. »*■» Jpec,es. Tliec.icumiUoceoi fupe, 10, beauty
j>• thought worthy attention , n the propagation ot
our tmifn, dogs and other domestic animals
why not in that „l ? Brides tnofe of cttou'r \
| fig"" 'here are other phrjtca/ dijittittns
!" am 'g * t'Jerence oj rait; they have Iris hair on
jiKeh.ee am. body ; ,k tJ Lcrct Ufjty the hidnieJ, and \
more by the g landJ of the Jim, which gives th,» a try 1
tttmg mUHftgrteM oJtun They , r e more to- '
lerar.t .* hi~i,«.d IH»Joot ci>ld,ttun the whites; 1
perhaps own ' to a difference Its Jlruiturt in the pu/. (
mvnary apparatus.-, j i>ey j,. moit aukac alui 11*11 1
emale ; then gnefs arc uaolkhi j in general their '
existence appears to pmti c | p „ c more nf fenfatton *
than reflection. They are in no/on much in/enor t
to the uhita, as I ih.nk one could scarcely be lound <■
capable ol traciogaod comprehending ihe lnvetti
gdiionaaf Etfclid ; in imagination they aic dull,
' Many have been brought' I
'IP '9 bttidityift arts; some have been liberally
educated, and att (m America)have lived in coun
tries where the wu ao«l sciences are cultivated to
a considerable degree, and have had before their
ryes lamplcs of the best works from abroad. The
Indians, with no advantage* of this kind, will o»-
ten cai vf figures on their pipes,not ddtitute ol d< -
(ign arid merit; they will crayon out an animal,
a plant, 01 a country, so as to prove theexill. net
ot a germ in their minds, which only wants culti
vation. They aftnniOi you with (Irokes of ihe
most fobt'me oratory,luch as prove their realm
and fentimcni flrong, their imagination glowing
and elevated ; but never yet could 1 find that
a Hack had uttered a thought above the level ol
plain narration, never fee even an elementary trait
of painting or fculpturc. Love, is the peculiar
oellriim of the poet. Their Jove is ardeni, but ii
k.ndlesthe senses only, not the imagination. Rt.
ligion indeed has produced a PkiUis Xheaity, htit
It rOuld not -oiorfuce a poet ; ihe comppfi't,,*,-
published under her name, art behmj the dignity 0/
critieifik. Ignatius Sancho has approachcd nearer
to merit in his completion. Tho' we admit liim
to ihe 6rft placi among those of his own colour
who have presented ihetnfelves to thepoblic judg
ment, yet when we compare him with the writers
of the race among whom he lived, and particular
ly; with thr ep.ttolary class in which he has taken
bis own (land, we are compelled to enroll him at
the bottom oj tht jtolumv.*-* This criticism supposes I
ihe lelicrs puulilhcd under his name to fee -genuine,
and to have received amendment from nftother
t'and, peintsaf/nch wouldnot he tf eafyineiejKgatibtt.
(The lame mfv peitftpthc fatd'al ileuuuvin Ban
tu kcr s almanac J The :nvjtq\'< nigQi oMJk
blacks rn body and mind, in the fjrtt irrftarvct ol
I heir mixture win).-it* whites, has bren obftned
by every one, and prefertttH-tkeir iiptimty is not
the eged nurety nj their condition IXe. Among the
Romans, 1 hf„;r jlavts wercolten thrtr rarejt prt'JQ ~
'hVf 1 xcetled too in (*cießce,i(t'omßcl)"sS ff! be'a&i.'
'My as tutors to their rfiattei's r.hildieo ;
Eniftetus, Teience and Plioed.us, were (lives ; but
' he V were of ihe race oj tohttqs It h not their ,con
dition then, hut nature tihjch ha< produced the dijlivc
tion. ' j
Tffs nor againtTexpeHence to suppose that J/f.
ferentf pedes of the fame genus, or varieties of the
fmejpecies, may uoffefs different qualifications.
Will.not a iover of natural history tlrn, one who
| views the gradations in all the races of animals
wiib th« eye of philosophy, ex cafe an effort to keep'
1 hose in the department of man as iiflintt as naturei
has formed them : this unfortunate difference of co- '
lout, and perhaps ol faculty, is a powerful obflacU
to the emancipation cj these people. Many.of iheir
idvocates, while they wiih to vindicate the liberty
of human nature, are anxious also to preserve its
dignity and beauty. Some of these, embai raffed t>y
th question—What further is to be done with
rhem ?' join thcml'clvis tn oppofuion wiih those
who a&u-ated by loidid avarice only. Among
• he Romans, ( mancipation icquirrd but one tffor;.
The Have, when made free, might nvx vi 4», rvtth
"tflainipg the blood oj his mafter\ hut with us, a
fcond is necejjars, unknown to hijiory\ w hen freed,
jhr is to he it-moved »" \ <»nci h- reach of-mixture."
How docs this la'll Tentirneni ,n_cmd wilh the
■following wilh',- expwffcd in the Sorretai* 61
Stale' leuei 10 Benjamin ihe iwflro I can
add wilh truth that no body u tOuS'inore Mdt inly
to fee a good system commenced loi raifmg ihe
condition boA of their body and mind u> what
it ought to hr, as last as the l imbrellity of their
prrfcut cx'ltin, e, and other citaimftMH* which
cannoi be ticgK tied, will admit."
Probably some ingenious l r iend may reconcilr
his apparent tr,( or.filVenry, with as mucli plauii
biltfy as 14 A'ijl'de»" icconciled the letter* about
•he French debt lo the principles of honcftv. and
lie letters about th: adoption of the Conftnution
o an attachment o the federal government. If
so, it wtll give great plcafu»e to a friend io pWIiW
lophical as well a* political CONSISTENCY.
Philadelphia, o£t. 24.
Abflra ft of further European Intelligence, by the Ship
Kitty y fiom Liverpool.
Paris, Aug. 23. The King and Queen con
tinue in the apartments of the temple; some
nyfterious appearances in their conduit and
that of their servants, have led to mcafures
providing for their further security ; a wall is
to be eretted outside of the fofre now digging
round their garden. The National Aflenibly
has publilhed an adclreft to the \yarld fitting the
and causes which led to the depo
wton of the King. The new Criminal tribunal
is inceilantly employed in trying ihe persons ar
rested on fufpiei >11 of a treacherous correspon
dence with the executive power, previous to
the affair of the iDth August ; the place de Ca
rousel the fesne of that day's battle is to be the
nlace of execution : A verditt has been given
i,. against M. D'Aigrement, who was beheaded
tlie fame night in the above place ; the real
name of this person was Collinot.
M. de la Fayette having founded the dispo
sition of his army, found them nearly unani
mous for supporting the National AlTemblyj he
is fled, accompanied only by his etat Major.—
167
gf ft,
T l?n''
gWSMIStS^&.
paraMßx^fe-ttf'
£lt^ r -rredeJ a.
" Wourti- ort)< -' r «<i to ba 'telealed ■
feSffT **&«**!«* '•*« Jn-
Mlirtix ~t the National Aflembly.
All tne Swiss regiments latelv in the service
■Lf- ra k C T 3 l e bro i e V s«!
pall ' 10rt,; fw li * P ur pose
H '^"a 6 " .^ he K ' ng hav|n g demand-:
i e Sur M ! " '' h,m > " s moved in
the Alterably that the money (hould be „ ivetl I
hut not into the hands of the King, who might
f * ke U ( -. o lt to corrupt 'his guards, and fend
(ptterj oi information to the'enemy; it was
theret»re ordered to be paid into the hand, of
Commissioners for his use. According to letters
flncc of the King, which
ire said to have been found in the palace, it ap
ttajsthat a plan was concerted and nearlv rea
•for execution, which v/ould have ended in a
(>n«ral massacre of all that opposed the King's
Mower-—in which cafe it is probable many mem-
Oers ol the National AlTembly would have been
V-rigced —Time will ascertain the truth of
neie reports.
tCapt. Brookhoufe, iirnved at Salem from Havre
r-G.acc, fays, ,hat the ta.nilyoi M. dc la Fayette
■<mb»rked privately it Havre-de-Graee for Eng.
££££ 23d Ausuft - a,>d h^ pi 'y s ot awa^
VErtfaft ef a Utter, dated New-York, 18Ik Oefoitr,
I 1 79--
' Script, the fcwnd
[made, 21 Dollais."
&'™( l of a letter from Havre, to a gentleman in
BoJloßy daltd Au-guji 25, *792 -
.. «' I arrived here from Pans lail evening-where
, vc """<««» 'he moil dreadful scenes of i u .
mult, outragiW.eiv.i war. [The*,i,er he,e
details the events of the Augnff; sfld ihofr
wh'ch followed, to the imprilonmentot the Frcnch
King,—of whom he writes:—] "The King in
now a prisoner ; he is lo be tried, and if found
guilty they mean to On-King him, and let h.m go
where he pleafes—lf not, they will allow him a
pension to live on, like any private man.
• " The Marquis la Fayette, with about 300 of
t"S principal officers, have made their escape by
«ie lollowmg stratagem. As soon as the Marquis
geard that the King was dethroned, and that Com-
Jiiffjries were on their way 10 the army, he Tent
jbtine df his officers to Sedan, to detain them—he
tjien proposed to the army that Paris was in a dif.
trtfied situation—and wished to know if they
fl>«old mttch lo its relief; which they refuTed.
He.then fentto the officers at Sedan, to fend on
KWons to perflate the Commissaries, with a
l»iy.fabricated for the purpose to the army—and
while Ihefe pretended Comriiiflaries were negoci
with the army, the Marquis and his
fiends u>*de their escape."
'&r ax of the Return'; of vote-, frsr TVlemTwrs
of Congress for the State of Pennsylvania,
excepting the counties of Alleghany and Hu
ntingdon.
D. Heifter
\ W» Findley
F. A. Muhlenberg
W. Irvine
J. \V. Kittera
T. Hartley
P. Muhlenberg
A. Gregg
T. Fitzfimons
W. Montgomery
T. Scott
J. Smilie
J. Avmftrong
J. D. Sergeant
C. Thompson
S. Sitgreaves
11. Wynkoop
J. Barclay
W. Bingham
COMMUNICATIONS.
After the compleat refutation of
the charge which has so frequently
been brought against a certain pub
lic officei, of his being an advocate
for the doctrine that " public debts
are public blessings," the reiteration
of the aflertion on the part of our
anarchy-men, difcoveisa difpoHtion
exactly on a level with the old wo
man's, who being charged not to fay
lanotherI another crooked word, ciied out—
" Rams horns, if 1 die for it."
A writer in a Bolton paper, speak
ing of the National Bank, fays, the
" Uiiectors are principally members
of Congress." This is one, among
many of the unqualified untruths
which support the opposition to the
measures of the general government.
The fatSt is, that not one third of the
Directors are members of Congreft.
The experience of France is a les
son to all mankind ; and if they will
not improve it to their own advan
tage, it will bebecaufe kingdoms and
states are so blind and corrupt, that
they are unprepared for, and unwor
thy of the bleflings of free and just
government. The arbitrary govern
ments of Europeought totake solemn
warning in due season, and by relin
jquifhing their afl'umed powers, by
Kvbich they uniuftly dispose of the
Ijves, liberties and pro;*rties of tlie
pe°pit ameliorate the condition of
-heir fulqects- and by -dimiuifhing
<heir fenle of injury, and encreafing
their means of enjoynient, attach
10 Mthoriijr from convic
tion and sentiment, rather than by
the force of power and the terror of
arm*. Those governments called
tree, should eradicate exitting abuse*
which have no plea for their conti
nuance, but precedent and the rult
of antiquity—they should accommo
date their laws wore and more to
promoting the etfemial inteielis of
the great body of the people—to ele
vating the poor on the pillars of
knowledge and equal rights—lo dif
fufing general light and information
among the people—for no govern
ment, however just, and much lels
an oppreflive one, can be permanent,
that is not founded on the enlight
ened attachment of the people. In
ihis way alone, can ihofe iultiiutious
be preserved which are founded on
the immutable principles of huinart
nature—ftnee ignorance, in its p».
roxy fins of frenzy, will level in indis
criminate ruin, the establishments of
I wisdom and patriotism, as well as the
impofuions of despotism. An en
lightened people can alone appreci
ate the importance of a government
of laws—ignorance is the loij which
produces demagogues, parties and
uncontrolled ariflocracies, and which
in the end invariably produce des
potism.
The experience of France and oF
other countries, ihould infpiie the
people of the United [states with the
highcfl veneration for their own free
eletftive government—and make them
more and more solicitous to preserve
in violate the sacred right offuffrage
and here again the immense impor
tance of information and general
knowledge among the people, is strik
ingly apparent—for wiihout these,
this inestimable right will be proflri
tuted to party purposes, and to the
fubvertion of the constitution and the
public liberty.
TO THE EDITOR Of THE GAZETTE OF THE
UNITED STATES.
Bed jot d y OQobtr 14, 1792,
Sir, *
.CAPTAIN JOHN STAKE having resigned
hia cwtMU.»«V» ra t4n y yy >"■ r
fend you for publication the following Letters
which passed between the Commander in Chief
and that Officer on the occasion—
And am, Sir,
Your unknown friend,
30878
3°797
3 0 565
29588
28517
27128
21279
SIR,
'6755
I received your letter of the 29th ultimo, re
queuing permifiion " to resign the Commission
yon bear in the service of the United States'."
It is always with concern and regret, that I
hear of the intended relignatton of an experi
enced and gallant officer I have therefore gi
ven you time tor reflexion,previoufiy to accept
ing of your resignation, and hope that you have
seriously reconlidered this bufipefs, and that
you will not quit the service of your country at
this crtjis ; but fltould you continue in the fame
determinatioH, as when you wrote that letter,
I will comply with your request.
Y(?U will therefore pjeafe to faror me with
your filial decilior, as soon as convenient.
Interim, I am Sir,
Witii esteem and refpeft,
Your most obedient,
Humble servant
16696
16288
16048
' x 6°33
158V3
M 995
14874
14882
14412
14. Pl
r 39J4
Sir,
NOTHING could hare, added more 14 f)*.
pain I feel on leaving the arjny at the
period, than the ftntiments contained iu yoijr
letter to me of the firft instant.
And was it poflible for any thing to f\ray mr
from my purpose, it would be your Excellency's
kind felicitation.—But my mind is mide up,
and my arrangements made accordingly,fo that
I find it impoffibie for me to recede from my
firft determination, and I trust Sir, that you
will not accu r e me of obftinacv, in again follcit
ing your Excellency's acceptance of my ap
pointment, but attribute it to the delicacy of
those feelings which (hould eier inherit the
breast of a soldier.
I am, Sir,
With the ffKi# perfect eften^.
Your obedient, and very
Humble feryant,
JOHN STAKE, C. I. D.„d
Sub. Legion u. S. Amy.
ARRIVED at the PORT of PHILADELPHIA.
Ship Philadelphia Packer, Rice, Amfterdagri
Kitty,
Brig Bcifey,
Sophia,
Paffy,
Schr. Alice,
£3" Price oj Stach as is Gazette oj the 1 ytk irjl.
(CopY.)
HEAD QUARTERS.
ift Oft. i; 92.
ANTHONY "WAYNE.
(COPY.)
Diagom £tuamfmcrt,o3. 4, 1798.
SHIP NEWS.
Reynold,
Ruffd,
Price,
Fowler,
' Nccdtiafn,
Liverpool
ditto
C. Franco!*
Made in
Providence
W. E