A NATIONAL PAPER, PUBLISHhD WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAY*: fOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, PHILADELPHIA [No. 32, of Vol. IV.] Wednesday, September 19. 1792. FROM THE PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, No. ir. Observations en the I.eilcrrtf " A F* it Addrejfed to the YeomwryaJ. the United AN idea has been circulated, that Congrcjs have granted exemptions, privileges and bounties to the New-Jersey Shitty for promoting t'feful manujadures, and parts of the letters of " The Farmer" tend Co confirm that mistake. The freemen of the United States will find, how ever, on the ftrifteft examination, that no vote, refolutiou or act, of the federal legi.lature, has been parted concerning that company, and of course that no bounty, privilege, exemption or other advantage has been given by Congress to them, their workmen or their property, of any fort or kind. They are indifputab'y liable to the impolt, tonnage, duty on distilled spirits, and every other revenue of the United States, present or future, in like manner and in equal proportion with any other citizen or owner of property. They have no direst or indirect ad vantage under the acts of Congress, but what every citizen has, who inclines to pursue the branches they may carry on. It is therefore tin high duty to the people to undeceive them in a matter, which might give them discontentment with a government, under which they are tail ing a degree of prosperity never before enjoyed by them, or any other nation. The whole of the advantages enjoyed by the New-Jersey manufacturing company are under a law of that State. This art has exempted their workmen from military duty, except in cases of invasion or imminent danger ; but this will not avail them in the fmallejl degree, because it exempts only from calls under the laws of the State, which are now annulled by the mili tia art of Congress. From militia duty they are not nor can they be exempted by the legisla ture of New-Jersey ; and the law of the United States requires the fame militia services, du ties, fines, &rc. from each of the New-Jersey Society and its workmen, as from any other ci tizen or manufartnrer. The company have powers relative to canals and inland navigation, similar to those of the Sufquehannah and Schuylkill canal companies, in Pennsylvania, and the Hudson and Mohawk river companies, in New-York. Corporations for inland navigation exist also in New-England, Maryland, Virginia, North and South-Carolina, though it should seem that " The Farmer's" objections to this kind of alTbciation is such, that it is doubtful whether he would confeut to € corporation for making a turnpike road, or an inland navigation, or a religious society or a public school. The yeomanry of the United States, however, it is presumed have no such fanciful objections to these common and neces sary means of obtaining such desirable and ufe ful objerts. We have city, town, and borough corporations in Pennsylvania, and in all the States, with civil powers to preserve the peace and order of the focietv, and the health of the people, and to facilitate the settlement of ac- ] counts and debts in places where there is ufual-1 ly some dealing and trade. Burlington, Amboy, Elizabeth-town and Brunfwick, in New- Jersey, being so incorporated, the legislature of that State appear to have thought it no great favor to provide for the eftablifhme/it of the diftrirt which (hould become the principal feat of the pianufartory in the fame manner, but probably deemed it, as it really appears, highly expedient. It seems to be very wife to have a well regu lated police in a place where there will be ma sy ft rangers. The aflembly of New-Jersey have exhibited a cautious delicacy, worthy of the legislators of a free and intelligent people, in exprefly providing, that the place or diftrirt lha!l not become incorporated, if a majority of the taxable inhabitants thereof (hall fignify to the Governor their disTent from, or disapproba tion of the incorporation—So that if, on ma ture deliberation, rhcy do not like the powers of the incorporation, or if they are, on general principles, again ft any fort of incorporation, they have ample power to prevent it. Thi c , fellow citizens, is the law which 4< The Far mer" tells you u grants to a few wealthy men the exclufivt jurifdirtion of fix miles square, and a variety of unconstitutional privileges." It ic not a few wealthy men, but all the taxable inhab itants, who are to be incorporated, and nearly all of the principal owners of the stock of the company artually re fide in other town (hips, counties and States, and a few in foreign coun tries ; and not being 44 inhabitants" cannot be members of the territorial corporation, which is to pofTefs the civil powers. Besides it reallv is not true, that they a*ie to have 44 cxduf.vt" jurifdirtion, for they are as much under the controul of the legislature, the Governor, and the judiciary of tiie State and of the government as the United States, as any otSier city or cor porate town, or any county or .village in New- Jersey. It is not neceifary to comment upon the indecorum and abuse for art, design, crimi nal itvf folly, and breach of duty, which 44 The Farmer 1 ' bestows upon the government of N-w- jersey, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the company, in the very page wherein he thus amply miflakes and misrepresents their proceedings. Ke fpeaksof danger from a capi tal stock of £. 140,000 sterling in the hands of a great number of persons, when there are and have been these thirty years several individuals in the United States, who are each worth as great a sum. This stock is owned by manufac turers from abroad, who are employed by the company, by farmers, merchants, lawyers, physicians, women, minors, landed men, and monied men, members of the general govern ment, officers of the State of New-Jerfev, ci tizens of various States, and foreigners relident here and in other countries. Can it be expect ed, that combinations and devices dangerous to liberty or honest induitry can take place in so mixed a society or can it be fuppoled, that such perversions of the countenance of a State will be permitted to exist a single month. The legislature of New-Jersey have exempt ed the workmen from their State poll-taxes, upon their persons and occupations ; but it is not likely that such exemption will be of any value, because poll taxes are so generally diiapproved that they are always made very light in this country, and are seldom or never imposed on any but single men, and taxes on occupations are a very trivial part of the re sources of any State, and the exemption will be of little avail, because Congress will lay the principal taxes and they have not given any ex emption. The great taxes of all known coun tries are consumption duties, custom-house du ties and the land tax. All these the workmen will have to pay, whether laid by the State or by the United States. But as the finances of New-Jersey are in a very good situation and dai ly improving, and it is a State of great ceconomy in its public expences, its legislature will have very little occasion to collert money from the people. The federal customs, duties and taxes are thole which the citizens of New-Jersey will principally have to pay, and the workmen, raw materials, manufartures, lands and tenements of the workmen and of the company will be as liable to those customs, duties and taxes as if the exemption had not been made by the State. For it is plain that a State art cannot exempt from taxes of any kind due to the general go- vernment. [To be concluded in our next.] FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES, Mr. Fenno, IT is true that men have degenerated from what the ancients were. But one is led to believe, from the resemblance of temper and condurt dis covered among certain writers agarnft our govern ment, that the Athenian blood is not yet all run out. The best republics of ancient times were ruined hy the ambition of men who ftudicd the moll re fined arts, and pra&ifed the vilest means to krep the multitude restless and inflamed. Men poflcfT ing the powers of oratory to govern the aflemblies of i he people, were jealous of their own authority. They haled those whom genius made their com petitors, and merit and virtue their superiors.— Impatient for honors and employments, of which j they were unwoithy, they aflumed the office of i censors on those who poflefled them. Not having nor being entitled to gain the public confidence,: they made it their inceflant care to deflroy it j where it was placed. By arts, alwavs odious, but always formidable, they inflamed intestine dif fentions; they diflemmated suspicious and fright ful tales through ihe state. They had againfl them, indeed, the severity of the laws, and the contempt of all good men : but in their favor they had the pretext of public good, so often made an instrument >n the hands of ambition and party enmity; and they had also, what was of ft ill more avail to obtain their ends, their effrontery and their insolence. No city had more glory than Athens—no citizens enjoyed less tranquillity— none had wiser laws or less regarded them—none produced more great men or better citizens : yet none murdered more reputations, or spilt more of the blood of heroes than Athens. O city ! not less renowned for tumult than for genius, while we weep and wonder over thy ruins, may we learn this inftruftion, th?r even wile and equal laws, un less flrirtly and ftradily enforced, incite faftiom to a fiercer aniinofny, and arm them with more deadly weapons. B. Foreign Affairs. TREVES, July ij Hostilities will not take place till after the publication of the manifeflo of the confederated pow ers. These are the principal articles of ;hat important at!t—il>. The How ets declare thai tliey do notdefign to make war againlt the King nor the French people, flill less ro ditftate laws to them ; and that they are on ly armed against those who, after hav ing overthrown the empire, threaten the general fafery of all Europe to gether.— 2flly. That they enter into France only to facilitate to the King the free exercise of his lawful autho rity, and the means of concerting with the French pation themeafures which circumstances, and the return of tran 125 quiliry make necefl'ary.—3d!y. They render the bodies in authority respon sible for all attempts which might be committed in the 1 pirit of fanaiicifm or otherwise against the Royal Fami ly, or the persons prescribed by the seditious. PARIS, July 16 On the Federation day a circuni ftance took place while the King was at the Military School,which is known , to very few bat those present. About 1200 national grenadiers, who formed the escort of the royal family to and from the Thuilleries, being aflembled in the court of the military school, oneof them addrelling his brother sol diers, told them there was a probabi lity that some evil ininded pcrfons might make an attempt upon the King, he invited them all to swear mutually to defend their King till the lafl moment ; the suggestion ope rated like the ele