For the GAZETTE of the UNITED STATES.
SNOWHILL, (IVorceJier County, Eajlern Shore cj \
MarylandJ fuly 26, 1791.
ON the 4th in It. being the sixteenth annivcrfary j
of American Independence, the *Franklia Soctets
of this place met at the Court-houie, at 9 o'clock,
A. M. to eelebrate the return ot that auspicious
day. The Society on this occasion, anxious to
promote that fpint ot tnendthip and general in
tercourse so necelfary to locial happtnefs, and actu
ated by a laudable delire ot communicating that
glow of enthufulra, that ardor for liberty, and in
ipinng those fentpneuts of bentvolencc towaids
each other, and gratitude to the divine Being, to
congenial to a haypy and tree people ; impelled by
thtle phiianftuopic motives, they departed from
their ulual privacy, and emblematic ot the expan
lion ot their teelings on tins happy day, they open
ed their douis to Hie malsot their fellow citizens.
A ictpettable audience having aiiuribled, the Yic
lident announced the intention ot the meeting in
a lhort addreis suitable to the occasion; aiie<
which the Declaration ot Independence, and Att
accompanying it, being read, Willi am Whi t
tincton, hiq. a member of the Socicty, role
and delivered a very learned, judicious aud patri
otic Oration.
The Socicty then proceeded to the difcullion ol
a political queltion—which being debat-d and de
cided agreeably to the regulations of the initia
tion, the audience were addrefTid in an elegant
and animated Valedictory Oration, by Mr. John
Dennis, ano.her member of the Society.
The Society then adjourned at 4 o'clock, P. M.
to dme and tpend the evening <>.t Mr. Smith'?
Tavern ; where thz spirit of friendlhip, social
mirth and good humour, so legibly depi&ed in
every countenance, united to heighten the joys of
this happy meeting. Alter dinner the following
patriotic Toasts weie drank, succeeded by the dis
charge ot cannon after each relpc£tively.
:. The Day. May the memory of it be chc-
Tilhed in the boiom of every true American, and
tranlmmed with applause 10 the laiett polterity.
2. The Pretident of the United States. May the|
mild iuttre ot his declining fun prove no less glo
rious than the effulgence of his rifmg, or the tran
scendent fpiendor of his meridian greatness.
3. The Governor and State of Maryland.
4. The Congiefs of the United States. May all
party and local views, inconsistent with the good
of our common country, be forever banithed from
that august assembly,
o -- J'
5. The memory of our illuurious countryman
3. Franklin — while we Tevere his name, may
wc emulate his chara&cr.
6. The Vice-President of the United States,
j. The Agriculture of the United States—-as it
is molt ufeful, so may it always be considered the
moil honorable occupation.
8. i'iie Commerce of the United States. May
its extended operations corineft us with every
quarter of the habitable globe.
9. The Manufactures of the United States. May
the wovk-fhops ot America rival and excel those
o* Europe,
to. The Arts and Sciences of the United Stales. ]
May the g nial influence ot liDerty eftablilh and ;
perpetuate their empire in this happy land.
11. The memory of those heroes who fealed 1
witn their blood the glorious cause of liberty.
12. The Freedom ol Elcftions. May every free
man hav? difceriimen"; enough to judge of the me
rits of legislative candidates, and foirit enough to
resent any attempt to influence his free and unbi
ased vote.
13. The Heads of Departments. May they ap
prove themselves worthy of the confidence re
posed in them by th ir country.
14. Ourhrft and best friend and ally the French
Nation. May the fabric whicii they have raised to
Freedom, defy the malice of its enemies, and ex
tend its influence throughout the world.
15. Peace and Happiness to all the World.
* This injiitution originated with a Jew refpeftable
charaders of this village; zo/io, from frequent experi
ence, found that in jocial and virtuous mtercourje, the
vibjl laudable objefls were purjutd\ that mutual aid
contributed much to perfection in ail. a>ts and Jcicnces ; I
contemplating and anticipating their advantages, a',
committee was appointed to draw up such rule> and re- j
filiations as might be necejjary to the good order and
interejl of the injiitution, and agreed to assume the name
of the Franklin Society, in honor abl: memory, and as
a tejiimony oj the grateful rejptel t ey enter tain for the
late venerable Americap Patriot, Philofopner and Poli-
Doctor Benjamin Franklin ; and as a
jhort memento oj the primary objetl oj the injiitution,
they adopted the J allowing Motto, Dilce et Fac.
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES,
Mr. Fenno,
IN your Gazette of last Wednesday, after ob-,
serving that the Editor of the National Ga-|
zette receives a salary from government, I en- j
quired 44 whether this salary is paid him for
tranjlations; or for the deiign of which j
is to vilify those to whom the voice of the peo- j
pie has committed the administration of our
public affairs." In his paper of this day, he in
timates that he u receives a lmall Itipend for
services rendered as French Tranfiator to the
Department of State, and, as Editor oj a free newj
piper." T lis excites my curiosity itili farther,
and I shall hold mylelf obliged to any of your
correspondents, or to the Editor of this really
National Gazette (as it now appears to be) if ei
ther of them will inform me what inducement i
our rulers can have to hire a man to abuse
them, and whether they do not hereby unnecef-j
farily squander the public money. I have often'
heard that authors in England, or their book
sellers for them, when they find tneir books do
net fell according to their wilhes, hire some
garrettecr to write against them —t-ien publilh
a reply to his own lucubrations—-and so go on,
objecting and replying, until the attention of
the public is drawn towards the book, and thus
it is brought into demand. If there were as
many pieces in the National Gazette in faror of
government and public characters, as tnere are !
against the n, I ihould be apt to conclude ttiat;
Congress and their oiiicers were playing us the
fame trick, in hopes of keeping their ieats and
places for life ; but when all the publications
are against them, and none in their favor—hen
this u free newspaper" is always
Free to defame, but never free to praise,
it Joes not appear eafv to accountfor tnisbranch
of national expence. If none of your readers
can do it, we must wait with patience 'till the
treasury accounts are publiilied, as ike Confuta
tion of the United States requires, and then,
perhaps, the mystery will be explained.
July 28,
For the GAZETTE of the UNITE!) STATES.
a Republican dijlribution cj Citizens
wit'i remarks.
THERE appeared not long fmce, in the
National Gazette, a lhort elfay, with the
above quoted title. It begins— u A perfect
theory on this fuhjedt would be ufeful"—it
would at least be an original—but taking it for
granted that such a production is poiiible, we
are favored with the happy effe'fts naturally
to be expected. 44 It would be a monition
agaii\ft empirical experiments by power"—
that is an infallible ltandard of political or
thodoxy—perfecution, for conscience fake,
is a damnable doctrine—but a perfect theory of
citizenfliip would gradually approximate the or
der of society to the true ltandard ofphilofophical
equality
" k The life of the husbandman is pre-eminent
ly iiiited to the comfort and happinefsof the in
dividual." This is not leaving that order oi
men to judge for themselves ; few will acknow
ledge the polition, and it is fandtioned by the
conduct of a less number.— u Healthy the iirft ot j
bleflings, is an appurtenance of his property and ,
his employment—Virtue, the health of the foul,
is another part of his patrimony, and no less fa
vored by his situation." Virtue has long since
been considered by some as a fccondary confide ra
tion—Labor is the patrimony of the poor, and
the parent of health—but Virtue is an adtive
principle—the fewer its objects, the less appa
rent its effe<sts; and from thefc alone can we
determine the reality of its existence, or the
degree of its power. But is it a fadt that Vir
tue is favored by the situation of the husband
man ?—let experience teltify.
Virtue was ne'er confined to dwell,
In eloifters drear or hermit's cell—
She seeks as her fuprerae delight,
The heart that wiihes to do right;
And iccfrns the vicious mind to own,
In lhady groves, or smoky town—
For grant that ignorance confines
The farmer's views in narrow lines,
Afford them power, knowledge choice,
And idleness will nurse each vice—
With all the gaudy scene of things,
Which envy round the village sings.
It is true that the more any description of ci
tizens depend on their own the less
dependent they muftbe of course on others—but
do fa&s warrant the afTertion, u that the great
er the proportion of the class of husbandmen to
the whole society, the more free, the more inde
pendent and the more happy mult be the society
itfelf?" This is certainly no farther true, than
that a savage life is capable of rendering man
kind more happy than a civilized ; not that the
life of a hulbandman is savage, but the reason
ing goes to fliew that the farther we are removed
from the variety arising from civilization, the
better—for if there is no medium in refpe<st to the
proportion between the farmer and all the other
i clalles, the sooner all others are absorbed in the
I firft, the better—this fully accounts for the idea
| which led a gentleman to suggest thefuperior po
! licy*>f transforming our fifhermen into back
\ woodsmen.
In cities pamper'd—what a puny race,
Live on their incomes—or immured in shops,
Piod on from year to year—industrious Haves,
To fortune, pie afu re, honors,-fame !
While the firm hind, who turns the teaming foil,
With nerve of brass, fnuffs the free air, and
ranges unconfin'd,
The happy landlord of his well-earn'd farm—
But fay—does freedom there exert her force,
That shock eledtric—which trills from man to
man—
And routes all his latent pow'rs to a&ior.—
In Cities she delights to dwell—her impulse
thence—
Diffus'd—foon wakes to life the hardy yeoman
band.
"In appreciating the regular tranches of ma
nufacturing and mechanical industry, fays the
etfay, their tendency mult be compared with the
principles laid down, and their merits graduated
accordingly. Whatever is least favorable to
vigor of body, to the faculties of the mind, or to
the virtnes or the utilities of life, instead of be
ing forced or foftered by public authority, ought
to be seen with regret as long as occupations
more friendly to human happiness lie vacant."
" The several profefljons of more elevated
pretentions, the merchant, the lawyer, the phy
sician, the philosopher, the divine, form a cer
tain proportion of every civilized society, and
readily adjust their numbers to its demands and
its circumstances."
So far as the above quotations appear to have
any precise meaning, it is this, that mechanics
and manufacturers, h projcjjion, a re" an useless
order of men—that they merit no kind of en
couragement from government, left an excess
in tiieir number should be the consequence, and
some individuals fliould be benefitted by their
industry. Every other order, it seems, will re
gulate itfeif—but an increale of this, will be
the inevitable consequence of encouraging their
exertions; for though the farmers can make
their own neceflary apparel, yet if you put it in
their power, they will purchase fuperfluities,
and if they have the means, they will enjvy the
[ conveniences and luxuries of life. It is how
ever pretty evident, that the speculation now
uiidor confideratio.i was intended to prejudice
the public opinion against governmental encou
ragement to manufactures. But a comparison
between projtjfion and praftiu may not be impro
per. We are warned against empiricism in po
litics and government—and yet the United
States are, it seems, to rife to eminence by
adopting a theoretic fyftfem, not warranted by
reason or experience. The pe-ople of thiscoun
71
try nuit either forego their commercial and ci
vilized chara&er, or be dependant on foreign
countries for tho e articles which a superior
state of civilization,fuch as theUnitedStatesnov.
enjoy, cannot do without. If we are not to be
univerlally tranfmographied into tillers of the
ground, and back-woodsmen, we lhall require
for our comfortable accommodation rathermore
than our families can produce of manufactured
articles- If manufactures are neceflal'y, it ine
vitably follows, that in order to their iuccei'sful
prosecution, they must receive governmental
aid—for without it, it is demonstrable we can
not £and a competition with thole countries
who give their ft veral fabrics the highest sup
port. The touchstone of the whole bull net's of
opposition to manufactures, would be a fimpie
proportion for its opponents to give an exam
ple of their attachment to retirement, by aban
doning all the luxuries of civilized society tor
the delights of a back-woodfman's.life.
T. L.
Philadelphia, Aug. 1.
On Sunday last arrived here from Charleston,
the ftiip Delaware, Capt. Art, w th the following
pafFengers :
Mr. W.Smith, and family ; Major Butler, and
family; Mr. Kdward Mitchell; Mr. Hyme ; Mr.
i Lenaw ; Capt. fijflctt; Rev. Mr. Hollinglhead,
and lady.
On Sunday 22d ult. Captain Jbnathan Lam
bert arrived at Salem, from the Cape of Good
Hope. The Britifli frigate ./Eolus, which fail
ed from Calcutta about the 20th of February
\7itll dispatches for England, touched at the
Cape about the 20th of April. The ac counts i
by this frigate were, that Lord Cornwallis's ar
my had tftken several of the out posts of Sering
apatam, Tippoo Saib's capital ; that the army
was in high spirits, and that there was not the
Icaft doubt that Seringapatam would soon fall J
but that it had not been taken when the frigate
•ailed. Tippoo, under this appreheniion, had
withdrawn himfelf, with many of his principal
people, and much treasure, from the place to
one of his hill forts.
A powder mill was blown up at Springfield,
Mallachuicts, the 17th ult. and one man killed.
Extraß of a Utter J rem Albany, dated July, 17.
" There can be no doubt, from a concur
rence of circnmftances, but that the Britilh at
the posts, as well as the Indian tribes, influenc
ed and dire fled by them, have been active in
recommending peace to those nations adjoining
the frontier of the United States more souther
ly. Nothing seems now to be wanting to make
a firm system of pacification with the savages,
but a fixed line of honest demeanor towards the
hostile Indians, treating them as we ourselves
in their circumstances and situation would wilh!
to be treated. As it is more than probable a
treaty will be formed ere long, the preservation
of it must depend upon the vigor ofgovernment
in feeing the terms carried into execution, and
the infringers thereof puuifhed."
Extra& of a Utter from the city of ,» l 'aJkington t dated
The Commissioners attended on the Prei
dent of the United States the 16th inft. Abou
26 plans for the' Capitol and President's houfi
wercprefented—viz. from Maflachufetts, New-
York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and
South-Carcdica. Several of the Artists were
present. A preference was given to a plan of
the President's house, made out by Mr. James |
Ho ben, of Charleston, South-Carolina—there
were others of considerable merit.—The house
will be about 170 by 93 or 100 feet. The out
iide walls probably of free-ftone. Mr. Hoben
brought refpe&able recommendations of his
character and experience, had a regular educa
tion in the study of architecture, and poflefles
honorable testimonials of his success in some
competitions of Ikill in that line. He is em
ployed by the commitfioners to superintend the
execution of his plan, and such other matters
as may be placed under him. The work for
the foundation of the President's house was en
tered on the next day, and the necessary mate
rials are collected and collecting at the spot.
44 No choice was made out of the plans for
the Capitol—lt is expected this will take place
in next month."
Extrad oj a Utter from New-York, dated July 27.
44 With respeCt to the late election, there is
little or nothing said about it, among the peo
ple—And as to the late failures of the great lu
minaries of speculation, they are equally silent
—Commerce flourilhes, to my view, aftonilh
ingly—the wharves are crouded with shipping
—and business is proportionally brisk—it is
lively to a high degree—lmprovements to the
city are made and making in every poflible di
rection—ln short, every thing wears lb pleating I
an afpedt, that you would not conceive thati
credit and confidence had received any recent
(hock whatever—Surely the federal interest
must forever be predominant here—for the
new state of things has given unbounded icope
to the enterprizing disposition of this busy
place."
The enemies of freedom, for only such are
the enemies of the Union of the United States,
will leave no artifice uneflayed to subvert the
peaceable principles with which the citizens are
imprelfed towards their own government—-ly
ing paragraphs of fabricated letters have been
circulated through the medium of newspapers,
inland—this may be called the coasting trade of
those who deal in falfnoods and deceit—But this
domestic commerce of lies is tooeafily detected
—and therefore the sphere of action must be en
larged—hence we fee letters from the Islands—
yea even from Europe—and when they cannot
be readily produced from so great a distance,
a man who has been there, must be employed to
write a letter here on the fpot—Certifying ljia
ny things which are much better told in the fo
reign print:—The letter from St. Lucia (fee
the Wilmington head, in this Gazette) is a curi
ofity—Au enquiry is made whether the people
CRITO,
July 22
of the United States are as free as they are im
ported to be —tl\is is a fiimzey covering for the
gross insinuations that follow—Not to wow that
the people of the United States are perfectly
free, is to know nothing—it indicates, a dark
ness of mind, and a want of intelligence that
would incapacitate a,v'human being from the
poliibility< of enjoying civil liberty in any coun
try under heaven.
" By uniting weJlnna —b) dividir.% u.c
Club-, committees and ailbciations, indepen
dent of the constitution and the general laws of
society, are excellent expedients to cieftroy u
government—but it may be jultly queried, whe-
ther they have ever formed, treated or eila
blifhed any guards for freedom, or any fyilem
of laws in lieu of thole they have destroyed, for
the security of persons or property—How is it
possible they ever fhould?—ln the commence
ir.en.t of the American Revolution, thele socie
ties answered valuable and important purpoles
—but power is intoxicating, and it was not till
alter long and repeated struggles with tiie pow
ers of those regular governments, which im
people found necellary to their own prelervati
on lhould be eftablilhed, that committees re
linquilhed powers delegated to them for objects
which no longer existed.
The clubs and societies in France brought
about the late glorious revolution there—but
the people, not the clubs, after two years ardu
ous ftruggie adopted the Conititution.
The letter of M. Andre Chcnier, publilhed in
the Gazette of this day, exhibits a dreadful por
trait of a people whole government is in the
hands of two independent bodies—one afling
under the laws, arid the other superior to law
and the constitution.
The people of the United States, happy in
their present situation, are alive to every at
tempt which would rob them of the precious
fruits of their labors; —lenlibie of the uncer
tainty of all human acquisitions-—-and realizing
that so lon» as pride, ambition and avaricelhall
influence the heart of man, their liberty, peace
and fafety will be available by those whole in
genuity and knowledge of the prejudices of the
world, always l'upply them with pretexts to
diftuib the peace of society—they pay a sacred
regard to that bond of union which the conlli
tution has formed—Safe from the incroach
ments of despotism on the one hand, and the
billows of anarchy on the other—on the high
and ficm ground ofa free government and just
laws, they lpurn with indignation the attempts
of thole who would fever the ties of mutual
confidence between them, and those they have
deputed to administer their affairs.
A chemist in an inland town of Sweden, has
discovered a composition, which being rubbed
on the materials used in building a house, will
render it fire proof; also a powder, which whtn
sprinkled on any thing burning, will immedi
ately extinguish the lire; an experiment has
been made on some houses built,on purpose, and
filled with combustibles, which proved the be
neficial eftefts of this dilcovery, to the fatis
faftion of the governor of the province, and
the principal inhabitants of the neighborhood,
who were present, and have attested to the suc
cess of the undertaking in the moll public man
ner.
SHIP NEWS.
ARRIVED at the PORT oj PHILADELPHIA.
Ship Delaware, Art, Charleston
Brig Friendship, Forreft, Newry
Columbia, C.mpbell, Caruuna
Port Rofeway, Wiiharr, Barbacioes
Charleft<-n, Garraan, Charleston
Sthoon. Columbia, M'Coimick, do.
Polly, Hart field,
Weymouth, Tirrell,
Sloop Sally, Fernald,
Ranger, Coffin,
St. Joseph, Domingo,
Phiiad. Packet, Fanner,
Anna, Gardiner,
Industry, Ciaik,
Hope, Hulfey,
Merry Andrew, Ackerly, New-York
On Friday last a brigamved at New-Castle, im
eight weeks Irom Newiy, with 240 pallengci*.
PRICE OF STOCKS.
6 per Cents, ai
3 per Cents, izj'i
Deterred, ijj
Full lhares Bank U. S. 45 per cent, prem.
j lhares, 55
Bank of theUnitedStates,
RESOLVED,
THAT an Office of Discount and Deposit, be
cltablifaed in the City of Richmond, Siate of
Virginia.
RESOLVED,
That the 2d Tutfday in September next be ap»
pointed tor the Election of Thirteen Directors and
a Caftiier, for the Office ol Discount and Deposit,
in the City of Richmond.
By Order of the President and Dire&ors,
JOHN KEAN, Calhier.
To be publifued by Subscription,
AMERICAN REMEMBRANCER,
OR, PROCEEDINGS OF THE
Old C/ontpre^i,
From September 1774, to March 1789;-—
An authentic and original collt&ioti of
OFFICIAL LETTERS, &c ?
written during the late war;
And extracts from the
SECRET JOURNALS.
( for particulari, Jce Propcfuls atUrg
Subfci iptiont are received by the
BookCellers, and by the Editor s ■
JOHN CAREY, Ho'. iS, Pear-Street, *■
N. Carolina
do.
Portsmouth
Capt-Francois .
Leguira
St. Croix'
Nactucket
New-York
Sherburne
July 10, 1792,