LONDON, October 23
A letter from the Hague, of 14,
" Refyedti ng the late Isa-engageui c;it bet wee.
the Kufiians and the Turks, we learn that they
met in stormy weather ; that the Turki.li com
mando having hat) notice of thefigning of llie
preliininaries,reiii ed ; but being followed by the
Rulijai.s, and lev e. ul Turkifli Hups being damaged
by the llorm, they tied to Coiiltantiii»]>le, and
uccafioned gi eat alarm in t!ia( capii al ; but no
fliij'sfell into the hands of the Ruffians.
" We learn from the rendezvous of the French
Princes and their party, on the frontiers of Ger
many, that the news of rlie King's having tor
riia]i y accepted the French Conilitution, has
cnufed great sensations among the.n, insomuch
that they hardly know what to resolve upon :
nay, it ii even laid to have thrown such a damp
upon their intended plans, as to make it djubt
ful :f they wiil put them in execution, and its
e(Ft«sis in the different courts of Europe, mull oc
casion some alteration in the proceedings of the
ai iftoeratic party."
1 he liberal and handsome conduct of Lord
Petre, on a lare occasion, and the general beha
viour of the whole bod)' of Roman Catholics,
mufl fpecdily root out every prejudice that has
been entertained againit them. The JVlinifters
of il.eir profeilion (hew no ill-will to the Miuif
ters of the Ellablilhed Church, but appear to ue,
as vre think they really ai e, zealous to promote
unity in the nation, and to forward every thing
that may tend to morality and good order
FiomGlafgow we understand, that trade has
been very brilk there the last tS months. The
exports of mullins, and other Scots and English
es, of late to America, has been very
so that wages, in all branches, have been
rising. About ten cotton-mills have been eredted,
or begun to be erected, in the neighbourhood of
Glasgow ; and above a dozen of blaft-fiirnaces
have been creeled in the well of Scotland. Nei
ther is the improvements in lnanufacftures con
fined to the weft of Scotland ; for, at Aberdeen.
Dundee, &c. in the north, they have lately e
icdted several cotton and lint-mills to go by wa
ter. In fljort, never was Scotland in fopiofpe
lous a Hate ; yet, from the great advance of
' ems, the turning many small farms into large
ones, the emigration to A merica has been greater
this year thsti at any period since the year 1774
EDICT pu~blifted by the Supreme Council of CafU
on the lot/, 0] September, again/} ,he Circulation
% ' ,tin £ s which have a Tendency to propagate
*he 1 rmciplc> oj die French Conjlitution.
" Hie King, informed of the distribution of
■ceitain writings, full of falfehood and dangerous
maxims, capable of diftnrbing the tranquility
and of endangering the fidelity of his fubjetftj
,e;it c "rcular letters, the sth of January
J79°, to prohibit tbe entry of tliefe libels, to en
courage informers, and to give the utmost lati
tude, ooth in difcoverjrig and punishing such ac
trocuies. Thtfe precautions have produced the
e - Majesty's Council had
" Ihe King is again »!Tured, .tiiat attempts
ate making to introduce a.id difFufe throughout
ns dominions fim.lar writings from France, con
taining seditious principles, contrary to the si.
;„V ty r Ue t0 , hIS r ° ve,ei g» power, to public
anqu.hty, alu ] t j le profperily of his faithful
uLjeJs; .i,s majesty has resource a second time
•to tUe lame precautions, which were before luf'
went to prevent the evil . he .has renewed the
prohibition of those writings in his States, and
ordered that every per son who ihall find or seize
in the hands of any person such productions, ei
ther printed or written, fhal] be obliged to erne
them up to the tribunals, rendering an account
of the motives which excited them, if t-heyknow
?,v V 1? u aim€d WUh then, ' on failui e which
U L ',P r 'T Cded aS wdl « ot ber
delinquents for the crime of disobedience ■ th u
the tribunals (ball be obliged to tranfmic to the
have been° Un r the , W,!tin g s wllicl » may
.. .• , f 1" efented or denounced to them, or
Th" f h3Ve ; and to Proceed in
«?,,reKr t th, h . aU ,hE Vi e i!ailCC 3 » d
1 such important cases.
to of ,!lC mA is "commended
... p- fiord 1 and monorchia! zeal of the Mod
fecullr "liops, Bin,ops, Prelates, as well
Spain. ' ' egll!ar > throughout the kingdom of
FOR THE GAZF.TTE CF THE UNITED STATES.
TO THE RESPONDENT
OMr«dn.Ryoar piece. I take it that a man
ho ,s llot ot your opinion, is an ariftocrar I
!hnr/ n h OP V I,On tof> ~ ,nay 1 be f cail
those who deny Ir, aristocrats, In this afF,i r I
taxe Dean Sw,ft for an aiiihoritv—Oirhodox v is
niy D*xy, Hecprmloxy is another ,nan's Doxy—
theretore yon and I aie in the rijrht ; we Inte
an ltocrats _ ye vvon](l fai . and fe S he; l-.e
,4keof POLITICAL TOLERATION.'
fays,
rIIILAD E L P H I A
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
TUESDAY, December 13, 1791.
Dcb.lt! on the amendments prcpofeil by the Senate to
the Repref.ntation Bill.
SOME debate havng taken place, refpefting
the regularity of a resolution moved by Mr.
Benfon, for apportioning among the different
slates (according to their refpeJtive numbers)
the whole number of Representatives, produced
by (lie gross amount of the aggregate populati
on of the United Scans ;—
Mr. Sedgwick moved, to amend the Senate's
amendment, by infering two members for the
(late of Delaware, instead of on:.
In favor of this motion it was observed, that
the injury, arising from unrepresented fratfiions
of population, is morefeverely felt by the small
er, than by the larger flares, as in the cafe oft be
ftateof Delaware, to vhich the bill allowed but
one reprefencative f0r59,000 inhabitants, whilll
the larger states wouU! be much better represent
ed, as their fractions vould be divided among a
greater number of representatives—By the a
mendment proposed to the Constitution, a lati
tude, it was said, was given to Congress in this
particular, allowing tieni either to apply the ra
tio to the aggregate amount of the general popu
lation, and then to apportion the representation
to the different states, as nearly as they could ap
proach Hie ratio once eilablifhed—or to apply
the ratio to the population of each Hate ; and if
in cafe of applying the ratio to the aggregate
number of the inhabitants of the United Slates,
the number of reprefetjtatives was found to be
exaiftly one hundred, it appeared doubtful whe
ther Congress could wtll avoid adopting the for
mer mode : otherwifeit would be impossible to
apportion the representation to the population
with exac r t pi ecifion ; Hen it the United States
were to be divided into diftridts of thirty thou
sand inhabitants each, there would still remain
a fraction, and inequality f<yne where or other
mud be ilie consequence : '
In the bill, it was said, a manifeft inequality
appeared, as it nllowedVirginiato eleifi twenty,
one representatives, whereas, according to the
proportion which her population bears to that
of the United States in general, fl lc j s entitled
only to nineteen : the constitution has said, that
" representatives and diretl taxes shall be ap
portioned among the several states, according te
their respeCtive numbers but iftaxation were
to be apportioned in the fame manner as the re
presentation is by the bill, the inequality would
be finking, and such as never would be submit
ted to lUiode-Ifland, for iuftauce, being re
presented by two members, would have to pay
60,000 dollars, whilst Delaware, having but a
single reprelentative, would pay only 30,000 al
though the difference of population is so small
between those two ftatei—R,hode Island having
only about 68,000 inhabitants, whilst 50,000 are
found in the slate of Delaware —the time may
come, when the fafety and good order of govern
metu will require the imposition of direct taxes •
ij.it how can any such taxes be laid, without a
Eew census, and a just apportionment of the re
prcfentation ? before these steps could betaken
the measure might be too late ; and it would be
1111 wtie in the present Congress to pass any law
that may at a future day, deprive the House of
Oivc-O.i jts conliitutional powers, the power of
laying direct taxes—lt was further observed that
the Confbt.mon itfelf did not seem to exaift so
rigul an observance of die ratio, as to require
that any state should be deprived of a reprefem
ative merely on account of a trifling deficiency
«n the number of inhabitants ; it appeared vifi- I
Vf° contemplate such deficiency, and that there
might be states whose entire population would
not amount to the ratio that might betfxed on :
ihll it had provided that such states should not
reman, u„ represented ; but that, however small
the population may be, << each state shall have at
least one reprefentat.v e :"_the convention them
ehes who framed the Constitution, were not
such fcrnpulous observers of trifling fractional
differences, when they apportioned the repre
fenta.ion ; for altho, by the estimate of popula
,hre g ;° Und uf " r ' ,e a PPortioninent,
the itate of New-Jersey, was, ftriciiy fpeakin-/
entitled only to three members ; _yc t
a large traction remaining, she was allowed four
In oppofinon to the proposed amendment it
was said, that the constitution never contemplat
ed a minute attention to fractions; that the weight
° 10 lhe in the r«„ le l
274
CONGRESS.
ccnecffion, (o compensate for anvJr.- i
they might be fubjert to in the W h?k ythat
the ieg.flaiare j that the oouftitu.i o '„ of
the apportionment according to ,l le : r P i r out
numbers of the feverai Hates"- thar t Vi P e
P r f Tentative to be chosen bj a "re
thirty thousand, would be an open Zhri "■
the express words of tl.e constitution • „
were not uncoiiftitutional, ye; it nev' er ! sicf ic
a permanent rule, answer the purpofc 7 d '
n was intended. The fame difficulty wouTl tU
recur on other occasions ; for if it wer J •'"S a,n
as a rule, that an additional member 7"
allowed only for a fraction above so Der 1(1 be
ui.ght happen, that there would bcflL"'"' K
state a fraction of ij.ooi inhabitants and" ° nC
ther the precise number of i c 000 '« ano "
state of Delaware to be in the latter predic
she would have a representation of
ber for j.rty-five thousand inhabitant S™'
noiher (late, whose fraction were i/oor « m
be represented in the ratio of one , . 1(1
less than thirty thousand ' " le '" b " f or
The constitution direrts, that taxation fl, in
apportioned among the individuals in ' /
ral states, whereas representation is to be
tioned to clafles of thirty thousand in each
and this according to a census firft actually ta] '
hence as the one apportionment was '
operate upon st ates , and the other upon i„ di vi v
ual Citizens, any difference in the aun ( ,r.' '
ment could never curtail the authority Tf theT'
vernment with rtffpcct to taxation. As to the
equality, laid to arise from one large state
ing as many representatives as fix smaller It- *
pi e.onatives) whereas the large state havin
only two members, can pollefs but i-i 4 th part of
red-f X1 | fIUC ' Ke : r l '" circ »™fl"i>« ope
rates to the disadvantage of the largefl state i ,d
■n favor of the smaller ones, whicf have the/e
fore no leafon to complain of an inequality tha
exifts but in idea ; or if it does exill at all bears
lieavier on the larger state, to which a f,„all at )
vantage: the House of Representatives can hard
y e deemed a lullicient compensation for the
loss it in nil neceflanly fuffer in the Senate the
piopofed amendment would but encreafe that in
S'l'"S a greater portion of influence
to the smaller states, which already pollefs mo.e
tape fni'mth" 6 C 0! ir ' a " <! ( ' ei ' ve thisadvan
, y yey y circumstance which is com
plained of as productive of inequality in the
House of Repi clentatives. On a former occasion
piopofition had been made to correct that fup
po ed inequality, by allowing the state of Dela
ware two members in the house ; it was made at
a tune when no local lnterells could be supposed
to influence the decision ; and it was then de
ciaiedtobe unconstitutional. nnlefs that state
fliould be found to contain sixty thousand in ha
bit ants.
The qneftior. being taken on Mr. Sedgwick's
amendment, was loft.
The question was then put, on agreeing to the
senate s amendment, and parted also in the ne
gatne : after which, the committee rose and res
ported accordingly.
WEDNESDAY, December 21
, ~ 6 c ° m,n ' !:le e of enrollment, presented t»
the Speaker an enrolled bill, " making appro
priations lor the support of government for the
yeai 1792. The Speaker signed the fame, and
it was prelented to the Prelident of the United
States, for his approbation.
A report from afelect committee, to whom was
referred the report of the Secretary ofthe Trea
sury , on the petition of Comfort Sands and o
thers, was read, and made the order of the day
for Friday next.
The committee appointed, reported a biJl for
carrying into efß;<st the contract for the purchase
of a ti act of laod bordering on Lake £rie ; which
was read a fir ft time.
T ne rloufe resolved itfelf into a committee of
the whole (Mr. W. Smith in the chair) and re
sumed the consideration of the port-office bill.
After haying proceeded through all the re
mainder of- the bill, except the Bth, the 22d,
and twenty-third feciions (refpetfting the carri
age of i.ewipapers) which were poltponed for
future consideration, the committee rose and re
ported progrefi. Adjourned.
THURSDAY, December 22
A bill for carrying into effert a contract be
tween the United States and the State of Penn
sylvania, was read a second time, and referred
to a committee of the whole house, to-morrow.
Mr. Goodhue presented the petition of Law
rence h urlong, praying compensation for Cervices
as a pilot in the navy of the United States during
the late war, which was read and referred tothe
Secretary of the Trcafury.