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PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY 7OH.V FENNO No fir. Hiru stoc-lt ~Z ~ " ~~—
' b9, HiG H-STREIT, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA
[No. 6of Vol. lII.]
)R THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
EDUCATION
| '"pHE Englifti papers represent the riotevs atßir-
I -*• mingham as an ignorant rabble. Andthatit
isoffuch that mobs are always tompofed. Wlie
ther a man is much of a pliilofopher or not, he
cannot well avoid reflecting on the mifchiefs
"done, and lofles of property fnfrered, as well as
the terror, diflurbance and disgrace, refultin"-
from these violent disorders. A mail will then
fee that, as the niofl: ignorant of men are the ac
tors in these scenes, ignorance is the true canfe
of all the mifchief. In (lead of hanging men,
though doubtless tHey deserved the gallows, let
the government of England look to the root of
the evil. The loss of property is said to have
amounted to fouie hundred thousand pounds
sterling. Had the interell of the sum been ap
plied for the support of schools, and the rioters,
in their youth, been taught in them, it is proba
ble that they would not have been concerned.—
From whence it may be inferred, that the negle<fl
of education costs more than the provision for it.
For it is certainly right, in keeping the accouut
between ignorance and knowledge, to charge the
former with the mifchief it does. A fchool-honfe
■will turn out in the end a better security of the
public peace, than a regiment of the hoi fe guards, j
We fee the latter not arriye in time to pro
tect the fufferers at Birmingham. It
cheaper and wiler, as well as more lnny£ne.
prevent evil, than to remedy orrotiUh iit
is done. How few persons, b)-(M tcjje-
rably well educated, have b&en lit-be i s oPthe*
public peace. The gallows WcAild aCTtt the truth
of this remark, if the of its'oMctye and
almost unpitied victims could now be told. Very
few, efyecially of the natives of America, have
fuffered, whose fate could not justly be afci jbed
to neglect of their youth—Shall we then go
on fmootbly as they do in England, hanging one
half the people to keep the quiet in
their beds !—or will our men of humanity, and
our politicians, bestir themselves at last, and by
establishing schools, get at the fountain head of
the evil, and endeavor to diminish crimes and
banishing ignorance ?
All other public cares are worse than loft, for
*hile they®f>anifh offenders with more and more
fruitlefs severity, they divert our attention from
v£he true nature and proper remedy of the evil.
PARIS, September 6.
THE Bourdeaux chamber of commerce has im
portunately demanded the recall of the de
crec > granting liberty and equal privileges with
the whites to the mulattoes in St. Domingo. This
is diretftly contrary to the opinion of ihe citizens
of Bourdeaux, who in their petition on this fub
jetft, voluntarily offered to embark in quality of
soldiers, to compell the coloniits to comply with
the decree of May iytli. The municipality and
friends of the conllitutioti wiihed to prevent the
fetiing out of the meflenger that had been en
gaged to carry the address of the chamber of
commerce to the National Afi'enibly ; but the
mercantile and naval bodies urged his departure,
considering, no doubt, that the commercial ill
terefts had at lead as good a right to petition, as
the club conftitutionilts.
Sept. 26. It is currently reported here, and
very confidently believed, that the King, since
his acceptance of the conllitution, lefufed to re
ceive a packet addrefled to him by his brothers,
or to hear any verbal explanation of the contents
from the bearer; to whom he said, that he could
hold nocorrefpondence with the Princes till their
return to Paris.
■everything is as peaceable and quiet here as
if nothiug hud happened ; trade is taking its
Saturday, December io, 1791.
usual couiTe, and we have not the lead suspicion
®f any of the powers of Europe attempting to
disturb our domestic tranquility. We (hall, how
ever, be prepared for defending ourselves, but
we (hall treat any attacks as those of an aflaflin,
who endeavors to disturb individual repose.
The choice of a new Marine Minister was not
declared or known yesterday.
Conformable to the decree of the NationalAf
fembly, two preachers yesterday informed the
Municipality of Paris, that they had formed con
tracts to enter into wedlock immediately.
M. de Segur, who was lately appointed ambas
sador to Rome, will, it is said, proceed to Eng
land to replace M. de la Luzerne, deceased.
DUBLIN, September 17,
Yesterday wheat fell in proportion of last week, four {hil
lings a barrel. If flour gets anything of a tolerable fall, the
aflize of bread being struck from the average of both, we may ex
pert an addition of half a pound to the twelve-penny loaf. Po
tatoes now fell in Francis-ftrcet at soar-pence a ft one, and cheap
er by the hundred. The fine weather we have happily experi
enced for some timepaft, has occafDned this redu&ion of the late
qxtravagant rates of two such essential necelfaries of life.
Whatever may be the opinions cf the people ot Ireland on po
litical fubjefts, we hope the Frencl king's acceptation of the con
stitution will giveuneere and general pleasure—as preventing the
efFufion of hurnan blood—putting ; ftopto the madness of ambi
tious OFtapricious wars, and exaltkig 25,000,000 of people to the
rank of freemen.
L O N D O N-D E R R Y
We have received from Philadelphia letters and papers down
to the 3d of August. All account*agree in a favorable repoit of
the mcreafing prosperity Sf the United States—their flocks are now
above par, as money is coming into them from all the countries
of Europe—the fubfenptions to the federal or national bank, were
filled up in a few minutes, and their crops this season, are rich
,and'plentiful. The Indian war has taken a fortunate turn : On
ifhe lft of June, Br>g, Go"* Ocot* lv "' < 4)| in* ftvagw oil
the bsihk.s of the'Wabafti ; army was soon after
jofned by 500 Indians, and nations have sued for peace.
The tfnw fifteen llatcs (by of Vermont and
weie lancet in Congrcfs the beginning of October.
-'.f ♦
« LON«D CV NT September 30.
farriage was celebrated yeftcrday at Ber
would have deferred it for some months
and address of a lover fount
;ged M. Bouille in the command of th
and the Mofclle.
troops
N STATI OF POLITICS. fM
The Emper the King of Prussia, are said to have met a
boutfometh' 'it 110 one can clearly tell what; they may or
may not have .rfed concerning Fran«e, but whatever they
may intend, it is to be trusted little mifchief to the caule of liberty
in an age present, can ensue against the energy of an una
nimous peopTSfVhich as advocates tor a different form of govern
ment from that which they lately experienced, the French nation
certainly are—for if absolute monarchs be permitted to suggest by
what form a neighbouring kingdom (hall be governed, little in fa
vor of the people can be expe&ed. Imperfedl as the new consti
tution at fjrefent may be, the people of France have now fufficient
materials with which to work out their own happiness, without
the interference of surrounding nations ; and we will hope there
is too much virtue in Europe, to fuffer such an officious afliftauce.
Has involved itfelf in a war with Morocco, at a time when all
its vigilance requires to be exercised at home, to prevent an uni
versal fpiri: of discontent from breaking out into action in its own
provinces. The late edicts directed against the French inhabitants
of Spain, have, and little else could be anticipated, set the natives
to enquire what this liberty is which provokes such a spirit of
persecution ; but the advocates for freedom in Spain have a ilub
bani foe to contend with in the clergy, who are a much more
powerful body than ever they were in France—moreover, ths
French being expelled the kingdom, they have no philosophical
leaders to urge them on ; theSpanifh people of weight and con
sequence being at present by no means remarkable lor thai liberal
mode of thinking which has long diftinguilhed their Gallic neigh
bors.
THE PAPAL STATES OF ITALY
Have lately discovered strong fyraptoma of discontent ; and
the mifchief of it is, his Holiness has no power to oppose against
any advances that may be made upon his ancient prerogatives, but
the artillery of anathema, which of late years has been discovered
to be very harmless in its effefls.
Has yet met with no interruption in its happy revolution ; the
new wheels which have been inferied in the machinery of its con
ltitution, have been put into motion, and found to work well and
harmouioufly with the whole. Neighbouring delpotifm effects
to frown, but its frowns aie despised ; though much remains at
fonie future time to be done for the Poles. The people at large
are certainly happier circumftanccd thin they were, and the no
bility not lels so. Comparative liberty has been given, without
licenlioufnefs hating been encouraged.
Has begun to fulfil her terms with :hc Porte, and the peace, at
length eftabhthed between thWe violent foes, promiles to be one
of some continuation.
Having temporarily disengaged itfc ll from iu unfuccefsfnl con
flict in Europe, finds its Asiatic pofTcffions m a great :
but having now leisure to attend to them, it is not fuppoled Irom
the fanpuinary mode in which the Court of Constantinople pro
ceeds in cases of rebellion, that any lofsof territory on that quar
ter will be theconfequcnce.
257
SPAIN
POLAND
RUSSIA
TURKEY
, o
[Whole No. 273.]
CONGRESS.
PHILADELPHIA.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
FRIDAY, December 2.
(CON C LUDF.D.)
IN COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE,
On the Appropriation Bill for the year I 792.
A/TR- GILES was of opinion that the commit
tee had done their duty, and had acted in
conformity to the resolution of the House. Me
mentioned his being one of" a final I minority a
gainst that resolution, when it was under confe
deration. At that time, he said, he was of opi
nion, that some previous examination was neces
sary.
He adverted to the eflimate from the Secreta
ry ot the Senate. That officer called for 4JOO
dollars, for contingent expences, though it did
not appear that there was a deficiency in thefum
of 3 000 dollars granted last year. Theonlyrea
fon that was given for an increase of jo percent,
was, the increased price ef the articles to be pur
chased. He was against allowing an unneceflary
latitude in appropriations. It would generally
l->e found, tie hi<i < [hat the expenditures would
come up very near i„ fhe fu m appropriated ; and
if 3000 dollars were (ast year, it remain
ed to be determined whether the increased price
of articles warranted an increase of 50 per cent,
in the funis to be appropriated now. Jf an in
crease in the appropriations for the department
of war, from good reasons, was neceflary, this
was no reason why the contingent expences of
the Senate should increase. He hoped the paflage
ot the bill would not be precipitated,, and was
of opinion that information fliould be previously
Obtained.
He approved of th« idea suggested by Mr. Ger
ry, to call on executive officers at ltated times
for th eir accounts. It had been said that mem
bers could seek for information at their offices ;
he thought it more proper that the officers should
be called upon to bring their accounts to the
House. He did not like the mode pointed out ;
and, indeed even supposing the members had ne
gletfted a duty, yet he hoped further time would
not be refufed. He was for the committee's ris
ing.
Mr. Barnwell was of opinion, that the report
of the Treasurer, containing a full account of
the receipt a..4 expenditure of all the public mo
ney, was the fullelt information that need be re
ceived, neither the members of the House, or a
committee of it, could poilibly examine into the
minutia* and items of every public account—The
Comptroller, Treasurer and Register were the
proper officers to do this. If any member of the
House was diflaiisiied with any particular charge
received at the treasury, he could either as an
individual call and examine into its propriety,or
on the floor of the House call for the informati
on he wanted to latisfy his mind.
Mr. Fitzfiinons was againit the committee's
rising. Many of the items in the appropriation
bill were right without doubt, and papers were
on the table to explain the propriety of others.
Salaries would not be disputed. If clerks were
unemployed at the ofaces,they would not be paid.
The contemplated appropriations for contingent
and incidental expences depended on estimates
which were before the committee ; and if any
are thought too coniitlerable, motions may be
made to reduce them ; but to rife now wouid be
mere waste of time. He enumerated fomeof the
objefis of expence which called for a larger ap
propriation this year to remove the general ob
jections of the gentleman from Virginia.
Mr. Madifou considered the present a good op
portunity to determine how far the House could
go into an examination of the accounts of public
officers. It was true that the representatives of
the people were the guardians of the public mo
ney. and consequently it was their duty to fatisfy
ihemfelves as far as possible of the sources from