i
ndependent whilll we arc obliged to look to
hem for our lieceflary cloathing, or even liiper
iuous ornaments.
Suppose the whole population of this country,
which is lo rapidly increasing, were devoted to
hulbandry—what depreciations would be made
in our forefts*! How loon would our fields be
cloatlied with every kind of grain—apd our pas
tures filled with cattle, feeding oil a thousand
hills ! This would be charming—no fear of a fa
mine—every one would have food for allcing fol
ic—but what price would our provisions bring,
and what is to be done with thefurplus of them ?
Why fay thel'e wife men from the East, (and their
humble retainers of this country) let the Euro
peans come and fetch them away, or starve.—
This is very good—and pray what are we to do
if their crops lhould not happen to fail them—
or when their kings should be tired of war, and
consent that their iubjeCts be permitted to culti
vate their own fields in fafety ; will these fo
reigners, out of mere charity, come and take your
i'uperiiuous crops off your hands ? Will they give
you a generous price for your wheat, &c. ? I
presume not. Pray let me alk these politicians,
these friends from the other fide the water, who
are so alarmed left we injure ourselves, by en
gaging improvidently in manufactures, why
grain is dearer in England than iii America
Our lands do not produce so many bushels on the
acre as theirs—we give higher for labor, and yet
we undersell them lb much in market, thattheir
farmers would be ruiaed if a free importation
from this country was admitted. I (hall proba
bly be told that rents in thac country are higher,
and that causes the difference; but I demand,
why are rents higher there than here ? Why be
raufe the products of land will fell so mueh high
er there than here. And why do they fell so
much higher there than here ? Is it for exporta
tion ? No such thing—lt is because of the "inalti
tude of their mechanics and artizans, who create
a conltanc demand for home consumption.
A home market is always the belt, abating ex
traordinary demands that may arise from the ac
cidental failure of crops in a foreign country ;
or the ruinous depredations of enemy. The
average price of wheat in England, 1 suppose may
be stated at 6s. to 6s. 6d. lterling the bufiiel.
"When it arileth to 7s. the bufliel, their ports are
opened for importation, lealt the dearnefs of
bread (hould injure their man utadlures; but when
it falls to the uftial standard, their importations
are prohibited, left the farming interell (houkl
l'uffer.
The average price of wheat in America, taken
at the farmers' lioufes, inay be rated at j to j-6
of a dollar ; tho at the ports of. exportation it may
average one dollar. But if our country was as
full of manufacturers as Great-Britain, our grain
would be principally wanted for home consump
tion, and the price would be raised to js. 3d. or
even 6s. sterling the bufliel. The farmer would
then save not only the transportation to the sea
port towns ; but the subsequent storage, shipping
coastwise, freight, insurance, &c. to Europe; and
the price and rent of lands would rife in propor
tion. But this is not the whole advantage—.if
we can make our own cloarhing, it will soon re
duce the price materially, and enable them to
make a saving in their purchases as vvell as on
the sales of their crops, so that the farming in
terest is most intimately concerned in tlie fuc
refs of our manufactures. Whenever wool be
comes as plenty in this country as it is in Eng
land, the price of woolen goods made here will
be as low as those of the fame quality are in that
country ; and the expence of purchasing, pack
age, storage, shipping charges, freight and in
stance will be a clear saving to this country.
J his cannot be rated at less than 20 per cent, on
all our importations Think of these things
my countrymen, and let your Patriotifin appear
by your conduct.
Utility cj planting Willow Trees in Burying Grounds.
FOR many years pad, the phi'.ofophcrs and phvficians of Eu
rope have borne a testimony against the interment of the dead in
the centre of large cities. But since the difcoverv of the ufefulnefs
«t trees in absorbing putrid air, and discharging it in a pure Hate
much less *vil than formerly is to be apprehended from ifns p , dr '
tice. To derive and extend the utmost possible benefit from this
discovery, would it not be an a a ot humanity in each of our reli
gious societies, to surround their grave-yards with trees ? They
would afford a {hade to a ctfnfiderable part of our city, and add
to it! coolness and ornament in the summer. The weepm* wil
low would accord mod with the place. U puts forth its leaves
tarly in the (pring, and returns them late in the fall. Befidcs,
Doflor Priestly has demonstrated, that it is the best and quickelt
correttor of impure air, of any tree that grows. Its rapid growth
■will moreover, in a f«w years, give us all the advantages we expect
,rom Mufcum.
PORTLAND, May 9.
We have heard from Falmouth, that at a late meet ; n;r of that
town, the inhabitants were all, except four, in favour of a lepa
ra un from the other part of the Commonwealth.
A: Standilh, 46 were for, and 16 againll the measure.
At Hallowell and Vaffalborough, they were all in favour of a
separation.
Ihe inhabitants of Portland are on Wednesday next to confi-
and decide upon the question.
N E W-Y OliK, May 20.
Tlie St. James's Chronicle of the 15th March,
fays, the toial average price of wheat in Eng
land, and Waies, per bushel is 6s. qd.
£~/ce
LANSIrtGBURGH, May 13.
Ihe Hon. Oliver Phelps and Ifracl Chapiri,
Esquires, are appointed the judges of the court
of common pleas of the county of Ontario ; Ju
dah Colt, Esquire, iherifl", and Nathaniel Gorhain,
jun. Esquire, Clerk.
The road from the weft branch of Mohawk l i
ver contracted for byMefl! Pepoon and Edwards,
mentioned in a late paper, is found to be a mis
take ; it ourfhc to read from the wejiern branch of
the Delaware.
BOSTON, May 14
On Thursday the Circuit Court of the United
States was opened in this town. The procellion
was formed at the Senate-Chamber, and proceed
ed therefrom in the following order :
Eighr Constables, with Itaves.
Deputy Marlhals Bradford and Thomas.
Marshal Jackson.
Chief Judge Jay.
Judge Cushing—Judge Lowell.
Attorney of the United States—Attorney-General
of this State.
Clerk—Rev. Mr. West
Barristers, Counsellors, other Gentlemen of the
Bar, and Citizens, two and two
Tlie pro'cefiion having arrived at the Coin*
House, and the usual Proclamations being made,
a very refpecfiable Grand Jury was sworn, (of
which Mr. Thomas Harris, of Charleltown,
was appointed Foreman) —After which the Chief
Justice delivered to them a (hort and elegarit ex
tempore Charge.
From a Briflol paper of the 26th March, brought
by Capt. Wilder, w: have extracted the following : —
Paris, March 20. A meifenger extraordinary
sent from the Northern Department has brought
to the National Aflembly intelligence of the most
afflicfting kind from Douaj. The seizure of a
boat full of corn gave rife to a dreadful commo
tion; and to quell which the troops of the line
being brought ouc, refufed to obey their com
inlander. The municipality being unwilling to
declare the martial law, the fury of the insur
gents had full scope for its execution ; and two
of the national guards, who wished to interfere
in the riot, were suspended at the fatal lantern
post. The members of the deparsment, terrified
at chefe proceedings, would not flay any longer
in the town, but fee off to hold their fittings at
Lisle.
Philadelphia, May 25.
In arbitrary governments, there are no " fixed principles," whether
the adminiftratton be in the hands of the one, ihefew, or the many
It is efll-ntial to a free government iha there thould be " fixed prin
ciples" ia its conflitution : The jorm of theConftitution may be al
tered, modified, and adapted to particular circumstances ; but the
great principles always remain—they are unchangeable : These
principles refpeft the unalienable rights of man in all possible fi
xations, whether in a civil or savage state : They exist indepen
dent of government, or society—are ins-parable from a /late of
freedom, and are therefore the basis of every free Constitution—
they refpea the rights of the minority as well as the majority, and
cannot be " annihilated" without the interpolation of despotic
power.
With all the guards to libeity that can poflibly be devised,
such is the prevailing influence of riches, honors and pteajures, that
mankind in all ag?s have facrificed their precious rights and pri
vileges to gratify their appetites for these baubles: And it is in
vain to talk, of equal rights, ar.d of constitutions, to a people who
are uninformed—for as an enlightened people can never be ensla
ved—so it is impoflible that an ignorant people can long continue
fr «- —What is the duty then of real patriotism ; Is it to cry aloud
that Liberty is in danger, when every man fits quietly and securely
underhis own vine and fig-tree, having i,one to make him afraid f
Is it to pretend extraordinary zeal in the cause of freedom, while
no exertions are made to place the people out of the reach of ty
ranny, by addingto the bleflings of liberty, the means of perpe
tuating the invaluable inheritance ? The following extradl from
Dr. ADAMs'Defence of the American Constitutions, on this point,
will remain a monument of his penetration and philanthropy, so
long as genuine patriotism is conlidered a virtue—Ue observes,
" The inftruftion of the people in every kind of knowledge that
canbe of use to them in the prafticeof their moral duties as men,
citizensand christians ; and of their political and ciril duties as
members ol society and freemen, ought to be the care of the pub
lic, and of alf who have any (hare in the condu6t of its affairs, in
a manner that never yet has been praftifed in any age or nation :
The education here intended, is not merely that of the children
o. the rich and noble, but of every rank amJ clafjof people, down
to the lowest and poorelt: It is not too iitSfch to fay, that schools
or the education of all should be placed at convenient distances,
and maintained at the public expence." In this way, and this
only, can we provide fuflicicnt checks to a baneful aristocracy,
wnich is always disposed to monopolize the avenues of knowlege
to the exclusion erf the great mass of the people. No greater fole
cilm can exist, than that a man (hould be a friend to Freedom
and at the fame time opposed, or indifferent to the
means of learning among the people, except it be this, That a
friend to an universal inftruftion of the people, in the knowledge
of their sacred, civil, and political rights, (hould at the fame time,
be an enemy to public liberty !
On Friday the 20th inft. the Hon. Thomas Jefferson, Efq
S-crctary of State, and the Hon. James Madison, Esq. arrived at
New-York, from the Scat of Government, on a tour to the East
ward.
The Grand Vizir Haffan Pacha lias been deposed and beheaded
Papers from London, received by a late arrival at New-York
inform, that there is not the least idea of peace at Petersburg'
Ruflia but on the contrary, every thing wears the appearand
of war.
On thequeftion for commiting the bill on the unclaimed di
vidends, in the Houle of Commons, March 15, there appeared in
tavor of the commitment 191— againfl it 83.
Lend on papers of a late date, fay, that the Pope has disowned
and cxcoinmuoicated all the new Bilhops of Francc.
31
ExtraH oj a Utter f,em a laly in Chtrltjlm, to heirffiend in this city,
" O nr city lias been iniuch a bustle all this week,
and every body so much taken uji with our be
loved President, that little or nothing like busi
ness has been done, as you will fee by the news
papers 1 fend yon. He arrived lalt Monday—and
was received with every pofiible demonltration
of joy ; almost every body went to fee him, ea
ger to have a fight of a man they so much love—
I went among the reft ; tho 1 had seen him so
often, I wished to have one more look, as tis pro
bable it will be the last time.
On Wednesday evening he honored the cor
poration ball with his company ; the collec
tion was very large and brilliant indeed—near
ly 2 Jo ladies, elegantly drefled—many wore sash
es and ribbons 011 their heads with his picture
painted on them, and different inlcriptions in
gold and silver letters, pertinent and fentiinental.
When he entered the room joy sparkled in
every countenance ; but more I'o when, after
being seated a few minutes, he rofs, went all
round the room and bowed to every lady—this
gave particular fatisfa&ion, as every one was
anxious to have a good view of him. The city
hall was elegantly prepared for this occasion ;
The pillars were all entwined with laurel and
flowers. On Thursday the Governor gave a
public dinner, and in the evening there was a
concert, given by the St. Cecilia Society—at which
the number of ladies exceeded those at the ball.
The President dined with the Governor,
and passed the whole evening at the concert
he gratified the company greatly by frequently
star.ding up, and with charming ease and digni
ty walked about the room anticipating the willi
es of every spectator. On his entrance, and ac
his retiring, pieces prepared for the occasion
were performed. The heartfelt fatisfatflion de
pid;ed on every countenance, was reflected from
one which beams with benignity on all.
The bells have been ringing and gnns firing
every day since his arrival ; yesterday howevei"
was pretty quiet as lie dined at a private din
ner with Major Butler. This day he is to dine
with the merchants—and on Monday next he
takes his departure for Savanna ; May every
protecting angel be his guardian."
Asa iyiuptooi that a more enlarged plan of po-
Hey will in future be adopted by the Britifli go
vernment, leave has been given to bring a bill
into the House of Commons, for the relief of
the proteiling Roman Catholics, by a repeal of
thefeveral penal laws against them now in exist
ence. This motion met with little or no oppo
sition even from the minister.
We are left, by the latest foreign prints, to
wander in the wilds of conjecture as to Eui'opean
news and politics. It seems the Grand Seignior
has sworn that he will not make peace with Ca
tharine, till she has expiated for her cruelties at
Ifmael ; we do not learn whether his fubjedts
have sworn to support the oath taken by Aclimet;
some accounts wear a different appearauce so
that as to peace between Ruilia and the Porte,
we are just at the point we fat out from months
ago—uncertain.
It seems to be very problematical what part
Great-Britain means to take in this war whe
ther coercive, mediatorial, or neutral ; it is
probable that Catharine will pursue her objedl
without consulting any of the other powers
meantime the stock-jobbers mull have something
to form the basis of fpeculatien, and whether
Great-Britain Jhall interfere or jiot P appears the
most obvious question for the moment—this be
ing the cafe, nothing but positive jafts can be de
pended upon in all that we read on the fubje<ft.
With refpe<st to French affairs, the English
papers gi«e accounts of various infurre&ions in
the provinces—but they appear to be merely lo
cal and temporary—and have no important af
petft on the revolution—so far from this, it does
not appear that there has ever been in contem
plation any fei'io'us plan of a counter-revolution
and perhaps to this hour all the oppofiiion that
has been made to the decrees of the national af
fenVbly, has not been more than was neceflary to
keep alive the fire of patriotifin. This was re
markably the cafe in these United States at the
commencement of theconteft with Great-Britain
—In some States there was a greater proportion
of dftaffetfion to the cause of liberty, than in
others, but the whole quantum produced and
kept alive, a watchful, vigorous and animated
oppofuion, which finally carried us to the con
fum niation of our wishes. It is the prayer of all
good men, and of Americans in particular, that
the cause of freedom in France may obtain a
compleat and glorious triumph, and that the es
tablishment of a free and equal constitution in
that great empire may forever blast the hope!
of defpotifin both in Church and State.
Pft ICE CURRENT.— PUBLIC SECURITIES,
FUNDED DEBT.
: 7ji. 17/2 pt.£
9/' 9A
o/i._
6 pr. Cents
3 pr. Cinti
Dcfered 6 pr. Cents
UNFUNDED DEBT.
Final Srttl.and ntl.et Certificates 16
Indtnts qfr
N. and S. Carolina atbts, icj.
May 7,
1. 86 pr. cem.
46 no.
45 do.
80
43 do.
d».