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PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FENNO, No. 69, HIGH-STREET, BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, PHILADELPHIA
[No. 101, of Vol. ll.]
Discourses on Davila No. 50.
THE Hugonots lay siege to Poitiers. The Duke of Guise re
solves to throw himfclf into it to succour the garrison. This
young Prince, the obje£l of the hopes of the Catholics, proposed
10 himlelf to become one day their Chief, by imitating thus, at
the beginning of his career, b) an illustrious and memorable ex
ample, the glory of his father; who, by the defence of Metz
igatnft the forces of the Emperor Charles the Vth. had prepared
his way to the highest power and molt brilliant reputation,
The Duke of Anjou proposes to raise the siege by a diversion—
he aflembles his army, and leads it to Chatelleraud. The Admi
ral raises the siege of Poitiers, and obliges the Duke of Anjou to
raise that of Chatelleraud. The Duke of Guise, however, by his
activity in defence of Poitiers, and his frequent ("allies, came out
of it covered with glory and applause ; the whole Catholic party
began to consider him as the support of religion, and the worthy
iucceffor of the power of his father. Sanfac in vain lays siege to
la Charite. The Earl of Montgomery defeats the Royalists in
Beam, surrounds Terfide, and takes him prisoner. The Duke of
Anjou comes to Tours, to consult with the King his brother, and
the Queen Mother : The Duke of Guise camc there alio, ftiining
with honor and glory for the great a&ions by which he had figna
lizcd himfclf at the defence of Poitiers. They all deliberated on
the means of pushing the war, and the Duke of Guise, coming in
the place of his father, was then admitted for the firft time into
the secret council: he owed this favor to the splendor of his birth,
to the services of his father, to his own valor, to the prote6lion of
the Cardinal of Lorrain his uncle, but above all to the implacable
hatred which the King had conceived against the Admiral. After
the death of the Prince of Conde, at the battle of BafTac, Charles
had entertained hopes that the Calviniftical party, no longer fup
poited by the authority of a Prince of the blood, norof a General
r.apable by his reputation and his valor of supporting the weight
of so great an entcrprize, would separate and disperse, or at leafl
incline to submit. But he saw, on the contrary, that the policy of
Xhe Admiral had re-animated the forces of his party; that his valor
and his ability, by availing himfelf of the name of the two young
Princes of the blood royal, had preserved union among the Cai
vinifts, caused greater commotions, and exposed the State to dan
gers more terrible than any which had been before experienced.
He therefore caused the Admiral Coligni to be declared a rebel,
by an arret of the Parliament of Paris, which was pubiifhed and
translated into several languages. They dragged him in effigy
upon an hurdle, and attached him to a gibbet in the place destined
•to the execution of malefa&ors : they ordained that his houses
should be razed to the foundations, and his g«ods fold at auction.
From this time the King resolved to pursue the Admiral to death,
began to elevate and favor the house of Lorraine, and above all the
Duke of Guise, who, burning with ardor to revenge the death of
his father, did not dissimulate the implacable hatred he bore to
Coligni. The Admiral continues the war with vigor. The Duke
of Anjou, whose army had been reinforced, fecks a battle: the
Admiral endeavors to avoid it. At length he prepares for it, for
ced by a mutiny of his own army who demand it: he endeavors
iieverthelefs to retire : the Duke of Anjou pursues him, and joins
hitn near Moncontour : the two armies come to a&ion on the
plains of Moncontour, and a bloody battle ensues; victory i emains
to the Duke of Anjou, with a great carnage of the Hugonots.
The party is discouraged; but the Admiral, although dangerously
wounded, raises their spirits, and persuades them to continue the
war. The Princes and the Admiral abandon the whole country,
except Rochelle, Angouleme, and Saint Jean d'Angeli.
Their design was to join the Earl of Montgommeri—a resource
which fortune seemed to have referred to re-eflablifti their forces
and repair their loffe*. After that jun&ion, they intended to re
main in the mountains until the Princes of Germany and the Queen
of England should fend them succours. They founded, moreover,
some hopes on the Marlhall of Da in vi lie, Governor of Langue
doc, who for some time appeared inclined in their favor, and wiih
whom they maintain a secret intelligence. While the Constable
lived, Damville had held a diflinguifhed rank in the Catholic
party, and had (hewn himfelf a declared enemy of the Hugonois.
His jealousy against Francis of Montmorenci, his elder brother,
who was connected in friendfhip with the Prince of Conde and
the Colignis, his relations, had inspired him with this hatred of
the Calvinifts; which had been fomented by the eftcem which
'he Guises pro felled for him, and the favors they procured him.
Able and profound in difliinulation, according to conjunctures,
they had employed all poflible artifices to retain him in their party,
and by his intervention to attach to them indiflolubly, the Consta
ble, who discovered much predilettion and partiality for Dam
ville, whom he believed luperior 111 courage and abilities to his
other children. The Queen Mother made him the fame demon
orations. Obliged, during the minority of the King, to manage
the grandees, (he employed the Marital Damville to prefeive her
the attachment of the Constable; but, after his death, all these mo
tives and confederations ccafed. The Queen, who had no longer
occasion for Damville, gave herfelf little trouble to reward his ler
vices. The Guises, far from showing him the lame regard, em
ployed the management and persuasions of the Cardinal of Lor
raine, who was now very highly in favor with Charles IXth. to
depress and disserve the Marshal, as a sprout of an house which
tad been long the object of hatred and jealousy to that of Lor
ran.e. Damville soon perceTvcd this change: the death of his
fatnei put an end to his differences with his elder brother, who
was not less exasperated than himfelf at the refufal of the office of
Constable, pofleffed so long by their father, and which they had
Solicited more than once. He began to make advances to the
friends and relations of his family, and fought to renew an inter
com fe with the Admiral, to whom he intimated secret, though
uncertain hopes. This motive had hindered him from fuccour
mg Terfide in Beam, and from taking from the Htigonots the
places which they held in Gafcony and Langucdoc. He was the
inore inclined in favour of the Calvinifts, as he saw the Admiral
a.rcady advanced in years, and every day exposed to evident dan
gers. If this nobleman should die before the Princes were of an
a gc to command, Damville hoped to lucceed him in the command
die Calviniftic party finally, he dreaded, that if the King
and the Guises should overbear the Princes, the Admiral and all
r Nugonots, they would then turn their efforts against the family
or Montmerenci, which would remain alone of all the ancient ri
xa's, who had iufpi* ed him with jealousy. These dispositions did
not cfcapc the penetration of the Admiral. Excited by such hopes,
• c persuaded the Princes to abandon the flat country, and retire
a small number of troops into the mountains of Gafcony and
Langucdoc. The Duke o! Anjou besieges and takes Saint Jean
o Angeh, and lnfes much time and many soldiers : he falls Tick
retires fiift to Angers, and then to Saint Germain. The
Saturday, April 16, 1791.
Princes join the Earl of Montgommeri, and reinforce their troops
111 Gafcony. Tliey pass the winter in the mountains,and descend
into the plains in the spring : they pass the Rhone, and extend
themselves into Provence and Dauphiny. They march towards
Noyers and la Charite, with the design to aporoach Paris. The
King fends against them an army under the command of the Mar
(hall de Code, a general of little attivity, and who desired not the
ruin of the Hugonots. From a fear of confiding his armies to no
blemen, whom their elevation, their power and their animosities,
or the great number of thcr partisans, had rendered fufpefted by
him, the King committed the conduit of it to a General, who,
persisting in his ordinary inclination, gave the Hugonots a favora
ble opportunity to revive. This resolution was also attributed to
the policy of the Duke of Anjou, who dreaded that some other
General might take away the fruit of his labors and viflories. It
is pretended that luch motives engaged him to inspire the King
with suspicions against all the other Princes and Genera's, and to
prefer, to them, a man whom he considered as incapable of gaining
my great advantages.
FOR THE GAZETTE OF THE UNITED STATES.
MR. FENNO,
r ~T<HAT the legislature has a right to inftrucfl
A the Senators of the State in Congress, is an
aflertion made to vindicate the condudl of fotne
particular State Afleinblies.
I will let the question of right alone, because
I hate long argumenis—and so I believe your
readers do. A inan has a right to do a great
many unvvife things : He has a right to spend
his estate—or if he should not, to cut off his chil
dren with j/. a piece—and feme maintain that
he has a right to beat his wife. By doing either
he would diflurb the peace and happiness of his
family, and so far as their consent would go, the
world would cheerfully give him a right to hang
hitnfelf. Without touching the queltion of right
in a legal sense, no wife AHembly will do a very
mischievous atft—we speak accurately enough in
common when we fay that they have no right to
do it.
What is the tendency of an Assembly voting
and giving instructions to their Senators againlt
the proceedings of Congress ? When 1 scribble
in your Gazette, 1 barely obtain notice—the rea
ders glance a careless eye over the page—and
even if it amuses, it is soon forgotten: A few
ideas may be laid up by some—but they are re
ceived without any authority, and retained with
out knowing whence they cauie—a memorial
from a town, and especially from a great city,
has weight—each individual receives it as the
opipion of a great many individuals, and there
fore refpeiiable —still they are only individuals,
vvhofe opinion dispute, because he never
anthorifed them to decide the matrer for him.—
The cafe is far otherwise with a representative
aflembly: They arcchofento enquire, to decide,
and to enforce their decisions ; their doings are
published, not as problems for dispute, but as so
lemn judgments to put an end to it—and this
work ofjudging, the citizens commonly let thein
pursue without taking any part in it on ordinary
occasions ; they mind their business, and leave
their fei vants to do their duty, in making laws
for thcin. In a free country, the legislature will
poflefs the entire confidence of the people—they
will not only make their laws, but in moll cases,
regulate their opinions. Men cannot act as a so
ciety but by their representatives, and there are
reasons deduced from the nature of man, which
will (hew that these representatives cannot long
govern a freefociety, without the trust and con
fidence which has been noticed.
Is not the tendency of the resolutions of state
assemblies cenluringthe at'ts of Congress; destruc
tive of this confidence, and of consequence of the
peace and fafety of government ? What is it but
resorting to the confidence of their constituents,
to weaken and destroy that which is placed in
Congress ? It is an attempt by means of the in
fluence and authority of the legislature of a slate,
over the minds of the people, to throw them in
to thefcale against the general authority of the
Union. Jt breaks asunder the very ties offocie
rv and incites one part against another, by fett
ilio- rhe fundamental principal of social union, in
opposition to itfelf: Some will answer that it is
true, state-remonstrances against Congress have
this tendency—but they will fay, the interests
and opinions of the people of a state are matters
of fa(ft, which it is very proper Congress should
know and that a remonstrance from the state
legislature, conveys this information. To prove
facts, and to establish arguments, Congress fliould
resort to the authority of truth, not of a state.
A measure that is likely to effedl men's interests
will be remonstrated against by private persons,
and their fa<fts and arguments will be brought to
817
[Whole No. 20r r ~\
Che test of truth. If the people should overlook
or negled: their interetts, their members in Con
gress may be supposed watchful and a dive enough
to afl'ert them. But when a state interposes to
stop a measure, will it be pretended that it is to
represent facts or arguments merely, or to over
awe Congress—some late events remove all doubt.
To be continued.
Fromthe New-York Daily Advertiser.
TT is a very rare occasion indeed to fee a fafhion-
A able practice receive such an improvement as
to become a real utility, and to challenge the
approbation of every discreet and reflecting per
son.—Wealth judiciously applied is treasure in->
deed—But I must remark that, the jollity of
clubs;—the felfi(h pursuits of new-fangled socie
ties—and the interchange of polite attentions a -
mong those wealthy citizens who reciprocate
splendid civilities in order to pamper and gratify
each other, come in no lhape within the pale of
such a reflection. The feftivity ordinarily at
tendant on marriages in this city, has never till
yesterday, as tar as I know, penetrated into those
doleful habitations
Where wants and debts and fickncffcs devour,
And heart-enliv'ning freedom's quite Ihut out.
The uncommon method, which I am well in
formed Mr. Alexander Robertfon took to honor
the nuptials of his daughter gave rife to these
thoughts, and furnifh a leflon well worthy ofte
cord, and highly deserving of imitation. '
The following ftateinent while it exhibits Mr.
Ptobertfon's manner of making merry, will
illustrate without the aid of further commentary,
those sentiments which cannot fail touching eve
ry heart alive to the impulses of a disinterested
benevolence. To cheer the hearts of the lick in
the Alms House, and the hapless Debtors in
Jail:
I jo Loaves of Bread,
300 lb. of Beef,
130 lb. of Cheese,
3 barrels strong Ale,
3 barrels of Apples.
These items I conceive evince a spirit of inge
nious humanity:
1 Blush grandeur, blush, ye proud withdraw your blaze,
* Share, if ye dare, your wealth ; —if not, give praif;.'
Friday, April 8. Old Times.
ExtrqCl from the reports of the London Humans So'
TWO of his Sicilian Majesty's gallies being on
a cruize, pursued and took an Algerine ves
sel of 20 guns and 100 men. The prize wasfent
to Naples, and whilst lying under guard at the
Mole, a young gentleman then bathing, was
seized with the cramp, and immediately funk,
in the presence of numbers who did not attempt
any thing for his relief. One of the Algerine
sailors who was standing on the gunwale of the
prize, instantly jumped into the water, and hav
ing laid hold of the body in its rife, tied one
end of a handkerchief round the shoulder, the
other end of which he fattened to his own, and
swam with it to shore. The drowned person was
recovered by proper applications ; and the Mar
quis de Palluchi, whose son was thus preserved,
being introduced to the King, threw himfelf on
his knees, and requested the liberty of the gal
lant Algerine. His Sicilian majesty's reply was
truly noble. " Your request, Sir, (said he) is
bothreafonableandhumane ; the Moor is your's,
and you may dispose of him as you please. The
remainder of the crew are mine, and by the
laws of war perpetual slaves : but they are free
from this moment. Ten righteous men would
havefaved Sodom from the wrath oftheAlinigh
ty, and fhal! not one gallant and humane man,
who has risked his life for an enemy, and restor
ed to me so valuable a fubjetft, merit the pardon
of a few companions? Next day an order was
published for their release, and they departed
ainidft the acclamations of the populace.
JNECDOTE
ON the arrival of one of the last Indiamen in
England, a monkey, in the absence of his
matter (one of the officers) amused himfelf with
throwing from the cabin into the custom-house
officers boat, rolls of silk, to the value of iool.
which were intended to be sent on /here by a
different conveyance. The silk was of course
seized, and the offender hanged at the yard-arm
for his ingenious imitations.
&tiso
ciety.