PUBLISHED WEDNESDAYS AND SATURDAYS BY JOHN FEN NO, No. 69, JgGHSTREET, BETWEEN SECONJ) AND THIRD SIJCEkIS, PHILADELPHIA
[No. 96, of Vol. ll.]
Discourses on Davila No. 28
(Concluded.)
THE death of the Duke of Guise was followed
by a general peace—and the Royal Army re
takes Havre de Grace from the Englilh. The
King arrives at his fourteenth year, and is de
clared of age. The Queen's inventive genius
imagines various means of appealing the discon
tented Princes; and to accomplish her designs,
travels with the King through all the provinces
of the kingdom. 111 Dauphiny, they contrived
an interview with the Duke of Savoy ; ac Avig
non, with the Ministers of the Pope ; and on the
frontiers of Guienne with the King and Queen
of Spain. To rliefe Princes they might commu
jiicate their secret designs, without apprehenlion
of their coming to the knowledge of the Hugo
riots, which would have been almost inevitable,
if they had employed Ambalfadors. The Queen,
■with her usual diflimulation, endeavored to pre
vent the public from suspecting her genuine de
lign, and secret views. She pretended that it was
a limple desire in the King to fee his kingdom,
and (how himfelf to his people. The Queen pre
tended to consent to it only to dil'play before the
eyes of the people the magnificence of her court,
and to fee her daughter theQueenofSpain. Un
der the veil of these appearances, so different
from the truth, nothing was seen but magnificent
preparations and sumptuous liveries—nothing
was talked of but huntings, balls, comedies and
leads. The interviews and intrigues in the course
of their journey with the Dukes of Lorrain, of
Wirtemberg, and other Chiefs of the Proteflants
or Catholics in Germany ; the Count Palatine,
the Duke of Deux Ponts, the Duke of Saxony,
and Marquis of Baden, the Duke of Savoy, and
the Miniftersof the Pope,we pass over. In 156;,
at Bayonne, they met the Queen of Spain, accom
panied with the Duke of Alva and the Count de
Benevent: While they pretended to be there
wholly employed in feafts and pleafnres, they
held secret councils in concert, to abolish the i
diversity of religion. The Duke of Alva, amai/
of a violent character, whose very name, as well
as that of the Cardinal de Lorrain, is aflociated
in every mind with bloody bigotry and anti
chriftian intolerance, said boldly, that to cut
the root of all novelties in matters of religion,
it was neceflary to " cutoff the heads of the pop
pies"—" To angle for the large fifh—not amuse
themselves with the frogs"—" When the winds
ihall cease to blow, the waves of the populace
will soon be calmed." These are the miserable
maxims of tyranny, whether it be exercised by a
single man or a multitude. "There is no dif
ference," according to Aristotle, and liiftory and
experience, " between a people governing by a
majority in a single afl'embly, and a Monarch in
a tyranny; for their manners are the fame, and
they both hold a despotic power over better per
sons than themselves. Their decrees are like
the other's edirts—their demagogues like the
other's flatterers."—Arijlotle'sJolitics.Ulb.4. cli.4.
Old Tarquin would not utter these maxims in
words to the meflenger of his son from Gabii,
but walked out into his garden and (truck off the
heads of the tailed poppies with his daff. With
110 better authority than these trite aphorisms of
despotism did the Duke of Alva support his dog
in at iim , that a Sovereign could do nothing more
fhameful or contrary to his interelts, than to grant
to his fabjects liberty of conscience, and his ad
vice to employ (ire and sword, to exterminate the
Chiefs of the Hugonots.
Origin of the Bank of England, tin d iti Utility to
the Slate.
THE derivation of the name is from Banca,
the Italian word for the Bench, on which
money changers anciently fat in the public
markets.
The fii ft bank for the fecnrity of private pro
perty, was that of Venice, formed in the 12th
century ; and all the forms of transfer, accord
ing to the present pratftice were then regulated.
she bank of England was projetfed in the
reign of William and Mary, by Mr. William
Patterfon, a merchant, who submitted hisfcheme
to the Privy Council. It was, after considerable
deliberation, eltabli/hed by ad: of Parliament,
executed on the 27th July, in the year 1694 ; and
the stature enaifted, that their Majesties might
Jake particular subscriptions for t,200,0061. of
any pei sons, foreigners of natives, whom their
Wednesday, March 50, 1791.
Majesties were empowered to incorporate, with
a yearly allowance of ioo,oool. viz. 96,0001. or
eight per cent, for" interest, till redeemed, and
40001. to be allowed the bank for the expence of
management. The title of " Governor and
Com pany of the Bank of England," was confer
red ; and their fund abovementioned to be re
deemable upon a year's notice, after the ift of
August, 170s, and payment ot the principal, and
then the corporation to cease. Its eftablifliment
from the day of institution has never been (liaken ;
they were originally prohibited from borrowing
more than 1,200,0001. except on Parliament
funds; but 011 the 3d February 1708 —9, their
capital was enlarged ; and on the 20th of Au
gust, 17r5, the royal aflent was given for its be
ing farther extended, in order to raise a sum of
910,000!. for the service of the public.
In the year 171 7, the bank lent government
two millions and a half, at 5 per cent.
In July 1742, the further fuin of i,600,0001.
was advanced for a renewal of their charter:
and, chough iu 1746 they were enabled to lend
government i,000,0001. more, tliey were so preii
ed the preceding year during the rebellion, that
on the 20th September they began making pay
ments in a further loan of 1,400,000!. at three
per cent,
In the year 1749 —jo, the bank and South Sea
<iirecftors agreed to the reduction of the inrereft
of the national debt, upon a proposition of Par
liament ; and in two days the sum subscribed was
upwards of 40 millions.
Their notes in 1696 bore 20 per cent, discount,
and were under par in 174J, when the merchants
of London aflbciated, and agreed to take them
as specie. Under the adminiitration of the firll
William Pitt they acquired credit on the conti
nent, and after the peace of 1763 were univer
sally current through Europe. Small notes of
101. and ijl. each, were not ifl'ued till the year
WJ9-
JROM A LUNDON MAGAZINE.
the following lujlances of the medical Ejfeft oj Mag
netism, were communicated in a Letter to Doc
tor Simmons, F. R. S. by Mr. Thomas Hen
ry, F. R. S. Apothecary, at Manchelter, and
inserted in the London Medical Journal.
" A Young gentleman had been for some
days troubled with a very severe tooth-ach, for
which he had tried all the usual remedies with
out faccefs, and was on the point of submitting
to the extraction of the tooth, when a friend in
forming him that the application of a magnet
had been known to effetft a cure, he immediate
ly purchased a small artificial one, fnch as those
fold in the (hops for tobacco (toppers, and, with
little expetftation of success, applied it to his
tooth : to his great surprise, in a few minutes
the pain entirely ceased, nor had he an« return
of it afterwards.
" Being myfelf afflicfted last winter with se
vere pain in a decayed tooth, which was too rot
ten to beeafily extracted, and having tried vari
ous remedies in vain, I recolle<fted the above
cafe, and, having a magnet in the house, ap
plied it to the tooth: instant relief succeeded,
my pain left me ; and though it afterwards re
turned several times in the course of a few days,
it was condantly removed by the magnet, which
I carried for that purpose in my pocket, and I
have since remained quite free from it.
" About fix weeks since a tinnitus aurium was
very troublesome every night. At frrfb I only
perceived it when I lay upon my right fide, on
which was the afflicted ear; but it loon increas
ed so as to dillnrb me on which ever fide I recli
ned. One night, being much disturbed at it,
and having nothing near that seemed likely to
relieve me except the magnet, I determined to
apply it, and introducing it into my ear, and
holding it there for fonie few minutes, when 1
again lay down, 1 was free from the noise, nor
did it return for several nights. A flight attack
which happened in the courf'e of t+iat week, was
rriftaiwly removed by the fame means, since which
time 1 have been perfectly relieved from my
complaint." .
Boston, March 10.
Extratl of a letter from Pujfamaquada, to a penile
.t • . i . i r> ) _ .
man in this tow/i, dated February 24.
" I take the earliest opportunity to acquaim
you, his Excellency Governor Carletonhas been
pleased to permit (by proclamation) lumber into
our fettlemerit."
797
r *
Whole No. 200.]
CONGRESS.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
SATURDAY, Feb. 5.
The BAN K BILL under confideraiion.
(Conclusion of Mr. Stone's Speech.)
TH E preceding remarks (heobferved) (hew
ed how dangerous is the doctrine of im
plication, and upon what small data ingenuity
can raise the most dangerous fuperftru<fture. He
said he fliould now take a view of those prece
dents in the former and piefent Congress which
are relied on to juftify the prcfent meafm e.
ill. The Bank of North America : Here he
stated the diitrefsful and critical situation of Ame
rica at that period ; he remarked that ic was at
the declension of the continental money. He
(hewed that there were no powers in the confede
ration to which (even according to the reason
ing of the other fide) this power could be inci
dentalbut what required thevoreof 9 States ; that
the ordinance palled by a vote of seven Sta es,
which fliowed that neceflity alone gave birth to
that measure. He (howed the dillimularity of
the iituations of the 1 former and this Congress,
and the difference in their powe s and conle
quently in the dangers to be appiehended from
the encroachment of either.
ad. The redemption of our prisoners ac Al
giers : This comes within the power ro regulate
trade. If, faicl he, we are not capable of re
deeming by the bell means in our power our ci
tizens—our trade may be entirely ruined ; and
lieuce the law which shall be marie for re
demption would be neceffiiry and proper. But
by the constitution the executive may make trea
ties ; these ntay be general or for a particular ob
jetft and the legislature may effeiftuare thesn by
grants of money.
3<J. We have bought certificates, and not deC*
troyed them : This they fay is implied from the
power of paying the debts.
He asked, if before the purchnfe the certificates
were debts due from the United States ? And
demanded, if by the purchase they were diverted
of that quality ? Now (said he) in my judgment
when a debt is fairly cancelled it is as much like
3 payment as need be.
4th. We had no right except by implication
to give a salary to the Vice-Prefident. He (aid
he had voted againlt the salary and had been for
a psr dism allowance, because he thought the
Vice-Trefident was viewed by the conltitution
only as Prelident of the Senate. But thisexam
ple fails mod palpably, as Congress in the com
pensations are not confined by the conltitution
either to a particular sum 01" mode of payment.
sth. Congress have made corporations and ex
ercised compleat legislation in the Western Ter
ritory. He said to answer this cafe nothing more
was neceflary than to read the clause in the con
itiiution which give to Congress expressly the
power to make all rules and regulation for them.
It seemed to him as if gentlemen were invert
ing the order of things ; by making powers where
there were none—and attempting to prove exr
press grants to be implications.
6ih. Our regulations refpecling freighters and
owners—and between captains and Teamen : He
had not those regulations correctly in his memo
ry but he believed them proper and necellary re
gulations of commerce.
7th. It has been said we have exclusive jurif
didtion in places belonging to Congress, and
within the lo miles fquarc. We could erect a
Bank in any of those places ; its influence would
extend over the continent—the principle upon
whjch we founded this power could not be con
fined to a particular time or a spot of land. Gen
jremeu ridicule the idea that the exercise of a
pervading influence and a general principle
(hould be limited by any particular number of
years or be confined within a fort. He said the
power of exclusive legislation in those places was
expressly granted, and under its influence the
Congress might exercise compleat and exclusive'
legislation within those limits ; that the power
was confined to the places. But if the genera