r MR. FENNO, i THAT the sentiments contained in the sol- lowing PROTEST may be more generally known throughout the Union, yoir are requested to in sert it in the Gazette'ok ibeUni:ed States. The Minority on the Vote refpelling the Rifolution s of the House of Representatives on the fubjett of the Excifs Dill, now depending in the Congress of the United States, having had permifton to enter on the journals the reasons of their dijfent, have ac- cordingly introduced the following : ifi.T) KCAI'SE, the piecedent being once eftablilhed, that if is II rxpedicnt foi the Stale Legislatures to enter into legisla tive icfolutions. refpefling the aas and proceedings of Congress, would be attended with the mod fatal confeo|uences to the peace and tranquility oftheunion; for under the specious and seducing plea, that is now alledgcd, of protefling from invasion the liber ties of the people, an opposition to every a3 of the federal go vernment, for impofwg taxes, might be juftified; now the state lcgiflatures are chosen for the particular objefli of municipal jurtf diflion ; the people have never committed to them an agency in the bufintfs of federal legislation, rror have inverted them with au thority to oppose legislative barriers to the discretion ot Congress, in the exerrife of their constitutional powers ; for they mufl ne ceflaril" be incompetent thereto, lor want of the colleifed wisdom and ext'enfive information that the complicated affairs of the union require. 2d. Because we cannot but express, in language of unqualified disapprobation, the impropriety of the House of Representatives of Pcnnfylvania, difcufling the merits of a report ot the Secretary of the Treasury, at the very period that Congress was employed in deliberation on the fame fubjeft ; and of foreboding the mlf chicf that might enlue from its adoption, by the federal iegiflature; this was drawing an inference of a necelfary perversion of power, to the public detriment, from the exercil'c of their conftitutior.al authorities; which was ungenerous, as the poflible sbufeof power is equally incident to every trust; and as amon;ll the acts ot Con gress there is no evidence on record that canjuftify so dreary and unfavorable an anticipation of their acts, the intentions (hould be never malicioufiy prejudged, nor (hould crnfure be implicated, without the proof, or even appearance, of error or criminality; the federal government merits kinder treatment! han to be brought into disrepute from a mere apprehcnfion of meditated danger. 3d. Becaufc, on a fuppoGtion that Congress, regardless of their duty to their country, and their condiments, should pass acts, which contravene the constitution, by encroaching on those pow ers, which the (fates have ixclufively retained, it is presumable that there would be found such inflexible integrity and indepen dence in the federal judiciary, so to expound the laws, as to pre vent their being carried into execution; bcfides, an additional security and salutary check, arifeoutof the enlightened patriotism of our Chief-Magiftrate, who, we may reft allured, will never fanftion a legiflauve ast, that indicates an encroachment on the reserved rights and powers of the people. 4th. Becau(e,the federal and ilate governments, are, in their refpeftive characters, agents andtrulUes of the people, totally dif tinft from, and independent of, each other, instituted with dif ferent powers, and designated for different purposes. Neither has any right to interfere with theconftitutional acts of the other ; and (bould either attempt to enlarge its sphere of jurisdiction, at the expence of the other, there is an ultimate appeal to the sentiments and fanftion of the people, who are their common condiments, their common superior, and their common umpire. This res ponsibility to, and dependence on the people, may not only be deemed an effectual guard against the dangerous and improper ex ercise of the legiflativetrufls, but as a fufficient controul, to prevent undue encroachments on each other's authorities. sth. Because, from the relative situation and circumftarices of the federal and state governments, with refpeft to weight and in fluence, there is too much reason to apprehend danger, from the encroachments of the latter, on the acknowledged rights and con {litutional powers of the former. The federal government, in its infancy, encountered many difficulties, arising principally from the ftrongrer attachments and predilection of influential charac ters to their Hate anthorities. But its operations have been so in strumental in meliorating the situation of the country, aggrandiz ing it? interests, and rendering the people happy, that many of its warmed enemies in this and other States, hare abandoned their former propensities, and become its firm friends and supporters. But there is still much to apprehend from an undue interference of the state legislatures on the proceedings of Congress ; a disposi tion to which, arises out of the qualities inherent in, and attached to, all public bodies, but which will be much matured, from a precedent being established, by so powerful a state as Pennsylvania —and ftiould other states follow the example, of transmitting to their delegates in Congress, legislative refolytions, on the various matters that may be depending in that body, there is too much reason to believe they would have an improper bias on the minds of the members, who might pay too great a deference to opinions fanftioned by such high and refpeftable authority ; this would tend to disarm the federal government ot its power, and reduce it to a slavish dependence on the state legislatures. It would give rife to a legislative warfare betwixt the federal and municipal governments, and instead of a system of legislation that should be founded on a spirit of mutual conceflion and ac commodation, which connects by ties of sympathy the various interests of the union, it would flow from the discordant and dif tinft views and wifhe? of the separate members of the . confede racy. 6th. Because in the interference of the House of Rs an indiipofition to comply with the result ot the federal arrangements, but induces an ide.i of the exertion of an undup influence; which mud necedarilv inflame the prejudices ot the djfaff fled, and create alarms »nd jealousies n the other States of I the union. , , . _ ... qth. Bccaufe, the people of this State, in ratifying the federal constitution, made a solemn compact with the peopleof the other Sates to veil certain Ipecific, and defined powers, iri the fedetal government, tor thecommon good of the union. Whilst the government ot the United States, confines itfelf with in conftituiional hounds it is incompatible with the duties arifan j out ot its engagements, for a State legislature, to interfere by legislative resolutions, in opposing the exeicife of their powers ; for however anxious a State may be to disengage itfelf from its fe de-al obligation, yet it cannot effect it, without the confcnt of the other States, which are joint parties to the contrafl. Under the influence of the ideas exprefled in the foregoing ob servations, and as friends to the conftituiional and acknowledged rights of the federal and State governments, we feel ourWves cat led u; on foltnmly to enter o«r reasons ot difieut, against so fatal a precedent, as that eltablithed by the resolutions of the House of Reprefent.itives, and to deprecate the pernicious consequences that may arif.- therefrom. WILLIAM BINGHAM, JAMES COLLINS, JONATHAN ROBERTS, HENRY TYSON, ]OHN CHAPMAN, WILLIAM M'PHERSON, BENJAMIN MARKLEY, THOMAS LILLY, JOHN STEWART, RICHARD DOWNING, DANIEL CLYMER. This day is publijltcd, By C arey, Stewart, and Co. No. 22, in Fhont-St ieei, The American Museum, For JANUARY, 1791- CON TENTS. ORIGINAL ARTICLES. PROSE. METEOROLOGICAL obfeivations, made in Philadelphia, December 1790 Observations on the weather and diseases in do. Exports from Baltimore, from Oft. 1, 1789, toOft. 1,1790 P:an of a Ruflia voyage Number of fouls in the territory of the united states, north weft of the river Ohio, in 1790 " I have seen—and I have not seen." By the late gov. Livingfton Series of letters from a gentleman to his friend Observations 00 gaming Sketch of the nature and causes of diseases—explained upon lcien tific principles SELECTED ARTICLES Letter from general Varnum to his lady—written a few days be- fore his death Progress to bankruptcy of an honed tradefmar. Cursory thoughts on duelling £xtrafts from the introdu6lory le&ure of the hon. James Wilson efq. L. L. D. Anecdote of Thomas Paine Anecdote of an American, at a theatre in London Bon mot, refpe&ing the king's evil Bon mot, refpe&ing a musical performer Some account of the shape, manners and customs of the Hottentots Calamitous events entertaining to the mind. By the rev. Joseph Lathrop EfTay on appearing what we neither are, nor wish to be Curio, a chara&er. By miss Bowdler EfTay on the influence of religion in civil society. By the rev. Thomas Reefe, A.M. pastor of the presbyterian church at Salem (S. C.) Revolutions of Englifti literature. Tranfhted from the Italian Curious particulars discovered by the microscope On the improvement of worn-out land. By Richard Peters, esq. Expcnfe, culture, and profit of half an acre of hemp. By rnr. Curvcn Expense and product of an acre of hops Mode of destroying canker-worms, and of preventing the blading of grain. By John Cufhing Precautions against fire Mode of purifying tallow, to make candles A lingular accident Method of tempering edge-tools, of too brittle a quality Method of checking the too tree pcrfpiration of the hands Lift of the moll material articles exported from'the state of New- York, in July, Auguft,and September, 1790 Arrivals at the port of New-York, from January 1, 1790, to Ja. nuary 1, 1791 Lift of the sea-vessels, which arrived in the port of Philadelphia, from January 1, to January 1, 1791 Account of the patients in the Philadelphia dispensary, from De cember 1, 1 789, to December 1,1790 Bill of moitality, tor the town of Salem, for the year 1790 Extra&s from the ccnfus of the inhabitants of MalTachufetts Census of the inhabitants of the state of New-York Census of the 'nhabitauts of the city and county of New-York Statement of the tonnage of veflels, entered in the united states, from O&ober 1, 1789, tp September 30, 1790 Jf Obfcivations on the artifices of animals. From Smellie's philo sophy of natural history The negro equalled by few Europeans. Translated from the French Anecdote Charter of Rhode-Island. Verses, addressed to the trustees of the college and academy o! Philadelphia. By the rev. Nathaniel Evans The hermit's vision. By the rev. Thomas Penrofe Inftru&ions to a porter. By mr. Bedingfield Verses on the new year Hymn, written for Sunday-schools. The nest Invitation to the country. By Lefbia triendlhip. By the rev. Thomas Penrofe Home—?.n extempore effufion Song, written in Maryland, during the late war. Philadelphia, Feb. 1, 1791 Wanted a Ground Rent, of 15 or 20J. pr. annum, wellfecu'red, Enquire of 732 PROSE POET R Y By William Hayley, esq. Jos 1 ah Hewes, Law#. ance Seckel, J Ow en Jones, jun'r. MASSACHUSETTS STATE LOTTERV. THE Managrrs as the STATE LO T i ERY, present the Public with the Firt! C'afs of the Majfachufttts fcmi-annual State Lot tcry, which will coinmencedrawuigin the RcpreJcntctneVLhamLer. in Button, on the Seventeenth of March next, or fooncr, it the Tickets (hall be disposed of. SCHEME> NOT TWO BLANKS TO A PRIZE. 25,000 Tickets, at Five Dollars each, are 125,000 Dollars, to be paid in the,following Prizes, lupj. ft io 4