DISCOURSES ON DAVILA
Utitimquc regem, fua multitudo coulalutavcrat,
EACH party expected its own regent. The
ancient usage, and laws often confirmed by
the States, called of right to the function, the
King of Navarre. But what a reverie ? Whatan
appearance r To confide the person of the young
King, and the government of the kingdom to a
Prince fufpecfled of a conspiracy againlt the llate,
detained as a prisoner, and tile accomplice ofa
brother condemned to death !
The Cuifej had governed with fupreine autho
rity under the late King, and attempted the mod
violent meafurcs. By committing to them the
fame power, it was easy to follow the fame plan
ana execute the fame designs. But they were
not of the royal blood: how, commit to them
the tutorage ofa young King, contrary to all the
laws of the monarchy ? What envy, whatjealou
fy, what oppofiiions would they not have to con
tend with, from the nobility and the grandees,
who would be discontented with their power,and
afpireto despoil them of it ?
The States had fonietimes confided the regen
cy to the mothers of Kings, during their minori
ty, and in the present competition of so many
interests and contending faiftions, it was not pru
dent to place in other hands, the life of the King,
and the conservation of the state.—But a woman,
a ftr.anger, without partisans, and without sup
port, could (he maintain her ground again It two
Inch powerful factions, ready to support their
pretentions by the force of arms ? The Guises,
forefeeing what might easily happen, leagued
themselves with the Cardinal de Tournon, the
Duke de Nemours, the Mai (hals de Brtjfac and
Saint Andre > Sippisrc, governor of Orleans, and
many other great Lords, with whose influence
they reinforced their party, to defend their lives
and preserve their power. The King of Navarre,
conceiving happier hopes for the future, united,
more strictly than ever, with the Chatillons, the
Admiral and Cardinal, the Prince de Ptrcien,
Jamac, and many others of their partisans. He
secretly armed his friends, and dispatched couri
er after courier to the Constable. The two par
ties, having thus placed themselves in a posture
of defence, the whole court, and the troops di
vided themselves among thein, and even the de
puties of the States took their party, each one fol
lowing his paflions, his interest, or his principles.
Never did the neceflity of a third mediating
power, or an umpire, appear more plainly than
in this cafe. Had there been a conftituticw in
France, and had that constitution provided,
as it ought to have done, a third party, whose in
terest and duty it ihould have been to do jultice
to the other two, and every individual of each,
there would have been little danger to the peace,
liberty or happinefsof the people : for such an
intermediate authority, by doing justice to all
lides, would have been joined and supported by
the honest and virtuous of all fides, and by this
means would have controuled both parties by the
laws. But in this instance it seemed impoflible
to form a third party. Agitation and terror
reigned every where. It was dreaded every mo
ment that the friends of the King of Navarre,and
those of the Guises would come to blows. All
their measures and devices tended mutually to
destroy each other. Nature itfelf, however,
♦"ithout much aid from any conftitution,produced
an effedl. Although this unbridled ardor of rul
ing, inflamed as it was by private animosities,
hindered not the two parties from rendering pub
lickly their obedience to the King, this submissi
on had no other principle than a jealousy and mu
tual apprehension, that the one party would
snatch fromthe other the firlt place in thegovern
ment. This motive only, and not any refpedt
for a constitution, had made both parties eager
to appear to be the firft to do homage to Charles
the IXth : and on the day of the death of his
brother, he was unaniinoufly recognized as law
ful sovereign. This step tended insensibly to re
eftablilh order and authority. The Queen-mo
ther saw that it would not be fafe to trust the
life of her young children, nor the administrati
on of the state, to either of the parties, one of
which was extremely irritated and embittered,
and the other full of aflurance and haughty prc
tenfions, both well supported and ready to pro
ceed to the last extremities. She desired to con
tinue mistress of her children, and of the govern
ment of the state : She proposed, to this end, to
remain as a mediatrix ; and thought that the two
parties, unable to agree among themselves, and
neither being unable to triumph over the other,
they would both unite in her favor, and aban
don to her, by concert, an authority which the
opposition ofrheir competitors would hinderthem
from obtaining for '.hemfelves. We fee in this
instance that the tripple balance, is so established
by providence in the constitution of nature, that
01 dei, without it, can never be brought out of
anarchy confufion. The laws therefore
ihould eftablifli this equilibrium, as the dicftateof j
nature aud the ordinance of providence. J
{ To bt coitinucd.) I
No. XXIII
EDUCATION.
Extract from the Charge of the Hon. Chief Justice
Pickering, to the Grand Jwy, at the opening of
the Supreme Judicial Court, at Dover, Sept. 14.
THE reason given by So lo n for not providing
a law against parricides, might be ailigned
for not compelling a free ai>d enlightened peo
ple to keep lchooh, namely, that he thought it
iinpoflible any could be guilty of Co unnatural a
barbarity. One would conceive it equally unne
ceflary to make a law requiring a parent to love
his children; for the fame affecftion, duly regu
lated, would prompt hjm to provide for their
inftrudtion ; this is a duty every parent owes to
his offspring—every citizen to his country —and
every man to his God. If a child fliould be
brought up without a common education, it is
more than probable he must drudge through life,
become a servant to all—the dupe and sport
ofthe crafty and designing." Though knowledge
alone, may better the head more than the heart,
yet, without it, the lieart'cannot be good. An
early and good education is the molt probable
mean to preserve a child from the devious paths
of vice, and lead him in those of re&itude—
" Train up a child in the way he fliould go,
and when he is old he will not depart from it."
Having glanced at the natural and moral con
sequences of this cruel negletft, let us for a mo
ment advert to the political. If knowledge and
learning, generally difftifed through a commu
nity, be eflential to the preservation of a free go
vernment, then the want of these, must inevi
tably prove its deftriiiftion. Where ignorance
prevails, tyranny triumphs; for the truth of
which we have the concurrent testimony of an
cient and modern history, confirmed by our own
observation. Can we then neglecft the education
of the rising generation, the hope of our land,
when their and our all, so greatly depends up
on it ? Let us rouse from our fupinenefs, and
emulate each other in promoting the means, and
cherishing the interest of literature ! Did Ame
rica everneed men of learning and knowledge
more than at the present juncture ! Or will the
period shortly arrive, when she will no longer
want such characters to fill the various depart
ments in the national or state government ?
MORAL SENTIMENTS.
VIRTUE is not the JoU qualification, but is a primary qualifi
cation for a good ruler. It is necellary in regard to the pre
sent adnitnillration of government : and it is no less neceirary in
regard to the virtue and happiness of the rising generation. If
we aid and encourage the promotion of a vicious citizen, what
ever talcnu he may pofTcfs, we are guilty of a kind of tieafon a
gainst the State, by committing it into hands, in which it cannot
fafely be trusted ; and we hasten corruption and ruin on those
who are to succeed us, by putting a kind of fanftion on vice and
holding up honor as its motive. As long is a free people bestow
honor with discretion, their government will be upholden in
righteousness, they will be faft-and happy under it, and their chil
dren will receive it pure from their hands. But if their elections
should become corrupt, and their appointments should be made
without regard to virtuous merit, they may fee their freedom ho
vering to depart : she breathes only in a puie atmosphere : a con
taminated air soon expels her. A corrupt and degenerate people
are unworthy of her smiles ; and they will not long enjoy them
IF I were to advise a young mm how he might rife to hon
or, one of my firft lcflTons would be, cultivate a modest
oimnionof yourself. There is not a more despicable charac
ter than an arrogant conceited youth. If you aflTume airs of felt
importance, you may be aflured of univerlal contempt. If in all
companies you engrofsthe conversation, obtrude your own opin
ion on those who are wiser than you, and treat their's with neg
lect; if you make yourfelf the fubjeft of your discourse, and re
peat, with felf-applaufe, what you have laid on I'uch an occasion,
how solidly you once confuted such a man, and how wittilv you
answered another, you uiay be pleafcd with the display as your
talents ; but you will pass with others only for an impertinent
coxcomb. I have heard it remarked of Doaor Franklin, that in
conversation he foldom appeared confident of his Own opinion,
or directly contradi&ed the opinion of any in the company. He
fuggeftcd his sentiments by way of enquiry ; and while he was
capable ot inftrufting, seemed to fuppofc all better informed than
htmlelf. He communicated his thoughts without apparent de
sign. He seemed to aim at his own inlormation.
(American Mercury.)
The late Dr. James Malone's Recife for a cold, which be mo/I
jtrenuoujly recommended.
' 1 a ' ar S e . ,ea " cu P full of linseed, two penny worth of
± It ck liquorice, and a quarter of a pound of fun raisins Put
these into two quarts of foft water, and let it simmer over a flow
fire till u is reduced to one ; then add to it a quarter of a pound
ot brown fugar-eandy powder, a table fpoonful of old rum, and
a table Ipoon full of the best white wine vinegar or lemon juice
Note. The rum and vinegar are best to be added only to the
quantity you are going immediately to take ; for, if it is put into
the whole, it is apt in a little time to grow flat.
Drink half a pint at going to bed, and take a little when the
cough is troublcfome.
This recipe generally cures the word of colds in two or three
days, and if taken in time may be said to be almost an infallible
remedy. It is a moil sovereign and balfamlc cordial for the
jungs, without the opening qualities which endanger frelh colds
ingoingout. It has been known to cure colds that have been al
molf lcttled in consumptions in less than three weeks.
CHARLESTON, (S. C.) Oft. ;8.
G'f CAUTION TO MARINERS.
THE CommiiUoners of Pilotage for the port of Charleston fS
C.)give not.ee, that a Wind Mi/I has lately been crested on the
the point o : Upt-Roman, which, at a distance, has the appearance
of a Light-Houle, and may have the effect to deceive ftraneers an
proachmg thecoaft, In falling in with the IV,ndMill, you muO
not come into less than seven fathoms water.-bringing it to bear
nrf ri l' VOU a re a hre.ftofthe point of Cap e . Roman Ihoal, and
and Ciiarlefton Ligln-lloufe then bears S. W. by W diftauct 12
league*. *
632
LONDON.
PHILADELPHIA, Oft, 30.
Exit ast of a letter from James Stimpfon, Esq. R ujjian Consul, at Gibral
tar, Augujl 30, 1790.
" By thisopportunity, I have thought well to forward a dii
patch for the President of the United States, committed to mv
care, and which I request you to forward. I trail it convsys a«
alTurance of peace towards you with the new Emperor of Moroc
co. Spain is the only nation wilh whom he has hitherto (hewn
any disposition to quarrel. He has demanded Ceuta, which has
been refufed him, and he is making preparations for bcfieging the
garrison ; an undertaking I am fatisfied he is by no means equal
to. An Amballador from Spain has been lying in Tangier iiay
these 16 days, with a very great present for the Emperor, but will
not land until he (hall agree to give up all prctcnlions to Ceuta,
which he has not yet done.
" The Portuguese squadron continues to be flationed here du
ring the summer months, for the purpose of preventing the Al
gerines from palling to the Westward, which we have reason to
believe they do effeflually. I continue firmlv of opinion that
you have but very little chancc of malting peace with Algiers,
during the present Dey's life. His death may, according to the
courle of nature be daily c<pe&ed. Inclosed I fend you a lift of
the 14 furvivir.g Americans at Algiers, on the gth la'ft month, fix
I find died ot the plague in '87 and '88. 1 have taken the liber
ty of writing The Prefidcnt some particulars nil the fubjeft."
" Prisoners names: Ship Dolphin, Cupt. O'Brien, Andrew Mont
gomery, Jacob Jenavier, William Patterfon, Philip Sloap, Peleg Lor
'ig, John Robertfon, James Hall : Schooner Mary, Capt. Stevens,
Alexander Forfytk, JamesCarhart, George Smith, John Gregory, and
James Hermeti."
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Sept. 28, 1 790.
NOTICE is hereby given, that proposals will be received atthe
Office ot the Secretary of the Treasury, until the 31ft day
of December next inclufive,for the building of a LIGHT HOUSE,
nearly of the di mentions proposed by the late Commiflioners of
Virginia and Maryland, upon the lot of land on Cape Henry, in
the County ot Princess Ann, and State of Virginia, lately ceded for
that purpose to the United States. It is desired, that the proposals
may leave the election, whether the building above the foundation
ftiall be of brick or ftojie, and as the cost and charges of those ma
terials vary, it is expc&ed, that a correfpondinj difference will be
made in the terms offered.
Ihe foundation of the Light-House is to be of stone, and funk
to the depth of thirteen feet below the water table, over the top of
which the pavement is to be laid. The diameter thereof is to b«
twenty seven /eel fix inches, with a vacancy of about nine feet in
the centre.
1 he diameter ofthe base is to be twenty fix feet, at which place
the thickness of the walls is to be fix feet. The height fro:n the
bottom of the water table to the top of the stone work is to be fc
venty two teet,where the diameter is to befixtcen feet fix inches,and
the thickness of the walls three feet. The form is to be an o&agon,
havtng three windows in the east, and four in the weft. If it be
built of brick, it is to be faced with the glassy. kind, if of stone, it
is to be faced with hewn or hammer-dreHcd stone.
On the top of the stone work is to be a floor of joifls, bedded
therein, planked over and covered with copper, extending about
twofccteiglit inches beyond the wall, thereby forming an eve,
w htch is to be finifhed with a cornicc, the whole having a descent
fiom the centre fufficient to throw off the water.
The lanthorn is to be supported J>y eight posts of wrought Iro»
of three inches square and twenty feet in length, ten feet of which
are to be wrought into the (lone wall on the inner part at each
cornei The diameter of it is to be ten feet, leaving a platform on
the oufide thereof of aboul fix feet in width. All the work above
tjsisto be of iron and copper. The janthotn is to be ten feet
high, having a semicircular roof of five feet more, with iron raft
ers covered with copper. The whole space between the posts sup
porting the lanthorn, is to be occupied by the sashes, which are
to be made of iron, each fafli is to have twenty-eight panes of
glass, twelve by fourteen inches. One of the sashes on the south
welt fide is to be hung with hinges for a door to go out upon the
platt >rm, from the outer part of which to the roof of the lanthorn
is to be a frame of iron covered with a net work of strong brafe
wire, to preserve the glass from injuries by hail and flights of
birds in the night. 5
The rafters of the lanthorn are to be well fattened to an iron
hoop, over which is a copper funnel, through which the smoke
may pais into a large copper ventilator in the form of a man's
head, capable of containing one hundred gallons. This head is to
u C ? VlO be turned by a la r?e vane on the spire above it,
p l. J venting the smoke may always be to the leeward.
Ight dormant ventilators of fix inchcs diameter are to be fixed
in the roof of the lanthorn.
A close stove is to be provided and fixed in the lanthorn, which
n, u° be £ urn,lhed Wlth lamps, each capable of containing fix
quarts, hung in two tiers over each other transversely. There are
to be fix flights of stairs to ascend to the lanthorn, the entrance to
m covcrcd with copper. The building is
of Hghtning 1 ™ tW ° condua °"' to secure ■' from the effects
i»A« ln,e u OU u fe is t0 be built for lhe deeper, twenty feet square,
with lXnfta^er haframCkitChC " ! thCWho!ct °
A vault for the storage and fafe keeping of the oil is to be built
len e r n a ,:? n l Cn,ent u d^ anCe ' ,welve ' eet widc ' a " d 'wentV
whfch'a (hed i f a " covered Wlth earth "r sand, over
ftrnn bebu,l: > and lt,st ° be furnithed with eight
hundfcd C^l| C C 'f SW ! lth C ° VerS ' cach ca P ablc °f containing tlo
door g ons of 011 - The entrance isto be secured by a strong
bc«peaed Urit L forthef,i,hful contra* wiU
r»c expected. Payments on account will be made at crooer ft
fr' ? S diffe lhe b l anC , C ,r" be completion r
or, it a luitable difference should be made in the terms ca(H wiM
be advanced for the purcliafe of materials and provifiom.
II Treasury Department, Sept. 20, 179®.
Tis hereby made known, that the following arrangement hae
sss ssSses s;;:z *•«-
partments, Indents of Interest, and Bi lso g f Old EmT
be receivable indifcriminatelv at the w j T W '"
miflioners of all the States Th* r. . and by 'he Coir,
ted this arrangement for the e fuu ' ,lon . of th « Checks hasdicta
impoliiions by forged or counterfeit CCUnt y °' th = public agamft
have been adopted from tl, f P a P cr > an d which theslaideta
of the bufinefsCerich t t^ t r ? me -r.° n - r,dcr - Mion '° r ' he cxecutl °"
applications from £ Hoi le "o' a « d dir P if
the Treafurv and of tl , P n Certificates ol the Rcgifter of
Army Accounts, and' of ComrrtfT and f C " m " lim " ncr °f
menis above mentioned -1 a ■ goners of the five DepaTt
fury - and if J C made ln the firll infla nce at the Trca
fica.es, and CcfLSlTb,' L ° a " ° ffi « Ce
ment ot Accounts in the refnefi' s 1 10ne ", ° r ' he ad j u(U
ner to the CommifTioncrs oH ' VC ' es ' are like man
were i(T uc d Trans'-.,,. cStatcs m wh ich they
the Proprietors of «: !S VCc r" °* CC