9ISCOURSES ON DAVILJ.
Augufte veritfc !
C'cfta toi, de montrer aux yeux des nations
Les coapablcs effcts lcurs divisions.
WHEN one family is deprefled, either in a
Monarchy, or in any species of republic,
another ni uft arise. While, in the reign of Fr an-
Cis Ift. they thus humbled the branch of the Boui
llons ; there arose two other powerful families,
who soon obtained the administration of affairs :
The house of Montmorency, and that ot Guise ;
bolh, indeed inferior to the Blood Royal ; but
both illultrious by the l'plendor ot the most an
cient nobility. That of Montmorency produces
Titles, which prove its descent, by an uninter
rupted fuccefiion, from one of the principal Gran
dees who accompanied Pharamovd in his firft
expedition. It has the glory of having been the |
lirft French house which received baptism and the
Christian Faith. The memory of this diftinttion
is preserved in the motto of their arms, Cod help
the firJl Chrijiian Baron ; a splendid testimony both
of the antiquity and religion of their ancestors.
Anne of Montmorency, who united a vast genius,
directed by prudence, to a grave and imposing de
portment —who combined a lingular address to a
patience never to be exliaufted in the intrigues
and affairs of the Court, which change so often
their afpeift, sprung from this stock. His high
qualities merited the confidence of Francis lit.
After having palled thro all the military grada
tions of the State, he was at firft elevated to the
dignity of Grand Master of the King's house hold,
and after the death of the Duke of Bourbon, to
that of Conjlable— in one word he concentered
in his person, the command of armies, and the
principal administration of all the affairs, civil
and political, of the kingdom.
The house of Lorrain, of which that ot Guise
is a branch, derives it ofriginal, from the highest
antiquity. It reckons among its paternal ancef
tors, Godfrey of Bouillon, the famous leader
of the Crusades, who by his valour and piety
conquered the kingdom of Jerusalem ; and by the
female line it traces its descent from a daughter
of Charlemain. Anthony, ot Lorrain, chief of
this rich and powerful family, reigned over his
people, with an absolute authority ; Claud, his
lounger brother, went into France to take pof
fellion of the Dutchy ot Guise, and there recom
mended himfelf by his valour.—After the battle
of Marignan, where he commanded the Ger
man troops, he was taken out from an heap of
dead bodies covered over with blood and wounds;
his cure was thought to be a miracle, and he held
afterwards the firft rank among the greatest cap
tains of France. The houses of Guise and Mont
morency, had rendered services of such impor
tance to the State that it was difficult to deter
mine, which of the two merited the pre-emi
nence In the splendor of their birth and the
extent of their domains, the Guises had the ad
vantage. In the favor of the King, the family
of the Constable was most advanced, and saw lt
felf at the head of affairs. Nature which has es
tablished in the univeile a chain of being, and
universal order, defending from Arch Angels to
microscopic animalcules, has ordained that no
two obiects shall be perfectly alike and no two
creatures perfectly equal. Although among men,
all are fubjec r t by nature to equal la-ws ot morality,
and in society have a right to equal ktwsfyr their
government, yet no two men are perfectly equa
hi oerfon, property, understanding, activity and
virtue—or ever can be made so by any power
less than that which created them ; and when
ever it becomes disputable between two individu
als or families which is the superior, a ferment
ation commences, which disturbs the order of all
things until it is fettled and each one knows his
place in the opinion of the public The quef
tln-i of superiority between the Guises audMont
morencys had theulual effects of such doubts. But
as nothing is less liable than the for tune of cour
tiers, in ill-ordered governments they both expe
rienced reverses, towards the end of the reign ot
Francis the Ift. That jealoufy,which never has
an end because it is always well founded, which
reiens in every government, where every pafhon
and every interest has not its correspondent
counterpoise, actuated the King. The two mi.i
ifters not being fubjeft to any regular plan of
responsibility, were become dangerous rivals of
their master ; their enemies knew how to infin
ite suspicions. The Constable fell into disgrace
for having perfuadecl the King to trust the pro
mi fes of Chari.es the Vtli. and to grant him a
free paflage through France, as he went tochaf
tife the rebellion of Ghent. The Emperor not
kceuinshis engagements, the King and the court
accnfedthe Constable of having failed, either in
prudence or fidelity He vyas obliged to leave
the court and return to private life, to conceal
himfelf fvom the purluits of his enemies. _ The
Duke of Guise was also constrained to quit the
court and give way to the storm, for having in
curred the displeasure of the King, by caufmg
be raised upon the frontiers without his con
tent certain troops, which he sent to the Duke
of Lorrain, his brother at that time ?X war with
the Anahaptifts.
The Conltable, and tne uu« """'V. S |
disgraced, were replaced by two ministers of con
summate experience, indefatigable uiduftry an
acknowledged abilities ; the Admiral D Anne
baut and the Cardinal de Tournon. The me
diocrity of their fortune and extraction, excited
little apprehension, that they would ever arrive,
at that high power, of which the King had rea
son to be jealous, and which he dreaded in the
hands of his fubjetts. This Prince, who under
flood mankind, and was become unquiet and lul
picious since his disgraces, had long resolved to
dismiss from his person, the Conltable and the ]
Duke, notwithstanding the long confidence with
which he had honored them ; believing that he
fliould not be able to govern, according to his
| own mind, while he Ihould have about him two
persons, whose credit and reputation were capa
ble of balancing his will. He dreaded in the
Constable that profound experience and that
lively penetration, from which he could not con
ceal his mod hidden secrets. Every thing was to
him suspicious in the Guises. Their llluftrious
birth, their restless humour, their active genius,
that ardent character to embrace every occahon
to aggrandize themselves, and that ambition ca
pable of forming projedts the n\olt vast and dat
ing. As the judicial courts had no independence,
and there was no regular judicature for impeach
ments, there could be no rational responsibility.
The King could inflict none but arbitrary pun
ifliments ; there was 110 tribunal, but the States
general and their committees, and among thele
the ministers had as many friends as the King.
The ministers therefore thought themselves, and
as the constitution then stood they really were,
so nearly equal to the King in power, that they
might do as they pleased with impunity. 1 hey
presumed too far, and the King was jullly offend
ed : but had 110 remedy, but in the aflailination
or difuiiifitiii of his ministers—he chole the latter ;
though in the sequel we (hall fee many instances
ill flniilar cases, of the former ; in the last years
of his life this monarch, if we may call by that
name a Prince who|was in effect,nothing more than
the fir ft individual in a miserable oligarchy, se
cretly recommended to Prince Henry his son, to
tliftrnft the exceflive power of his fubjecfts, and
especially of the house of Guise, whose elevation
would infallibly disturb the repose of the king
dom. Francis now saw and felt, thatthe house
of Guise was become, as the house of Bourbon
had been before, a dangerous rival of the house
of Valois.
Ambition, disappointed and disgraced by a King,
commonly becomes obsequious to the heir appa
rent, or ostensible facceflqr. In 1547, Henry the
second, the successor of Francis the fiift, disre
garding the advice and example of his father,
difmiiled from his court and service, the Admi
ral and Cardinal, though possessed of the secrets
of the state ; and placed again at the head of af
fairs, the Constable Anne of Montmorency, and
Francis of Lorrain, son of Claud Duke of Guise,
who soon engaged the confidence of the yoGng
King, and regulated every thing at his court.
Their authority was equal: But, as has been once
observed, nature has decreed, that aperfett equa
lity Jhctli uever long exijl between any two mortals.
TWe views, the conduit and the cliara>fiers of
the two iniiiTfters, were unlike in all things.
The Constable advanced in years, was naturally
fond of peace : Formed by a long experience in
th<* art of government, h6 enjoyed an high repu
tation for wisdom, and held the firft place in the
condu<fl of affairs of state. The Duke, in the
flower of his age, captivated by an elevated ge -
nius and sprightly wit, united with arobuftcon
ftitution and a noble figure, the affe&ions of the
King. Henry treated him, almost as his equal;
admitted him to his converfatioiis, his pleasures,
and tliofe exercises of the body which were sui
table to his age and inclination. His affedtion for
the Constable, was rather veneration : His attach
ment to the Duke was familiarity. The conduift
of the two favourites was very different; the one
an enemy of all show, urged with a certain seve
rity, from which age is seldom exempted, tliene
ceflity of economy. He even opposed the profu
fion of the Prince. His austere virtue infpireda
contempt for foreigners, and rendered him lit
tle f'olicitous for the affetflion of the French. The
Duke of Guise affable and popular, gained by his
liberalities and politeness, the hearts of the peo
ple and the soldiers. With a generous warmth,
he protected the unfortunate, and conciliated the
esteem of strangers.
Inclinations and condutS: so opposite, soon pro
duced jealousies, between the two ministers, e
qually beloved of the King. To insinuate them
selves further into the royal graces, and make
themselves matters ofhis favors, they exerted all
their skill, address and efforts. Their emulation
and ambition were stimulated by their nearest re
lations, and private friends. The Constable was
irritated by his NephewGafpard de Coligni, Lord
of Cliatillon, who had succeeded to the Admi
ral D* Annebaut, and who was not less distin
guished for his policy, than eminent for valor.
The Duke of Guise was animated, by the Cardi
nal Charles of Lorrain, his brother, who united
444
the splendor of tlie Roman purple, to a r.ablt
figure, profound erudition and uncommon elo
quence. . . ,
Hence forward the daemon of rivalry, haunted
the twohoufes of Guile and Montmorency : and
fortune did not fail to open a valt caieer, to the
animated emulation of the two competitors.
LONDON, March 15
Wednesday morning early a Courier arrived with the officiaf
account of the death ot the Emperor Joleph 11. wlnch.hipptntrt
at Vienna on the 20th ult. at five in the morning; hewasinUit
40th year of his age, in the 26th year of his reign as Emperor of
the Romans, and the 10th as King of Hungary and Bohemia. jj e
succeeded to the imperial crown on the demise of his father, Fran,
cis, on the 18th of Augufl, 1765; to the hereditary dominions
of the home of Austria on the death of his mother, Maria Thereii,
the 29th of November, 1780. He was twice married, to a Prin
cess of Parma, and a Princess of Bavaria; but having left no iffut,
the hereditary dominions of the House of Austria devohrn on his
brother Peter Leopold JoCeph, Grand Duke oi 1 ufcany.
The National AiTembly, among their other retrenchments, ht tc
cut off 20001. per annum from the salary of their Ambaflador,
in this metropolis; anil that at a time in which, from the mulu
tude of his countrymen that are his constant visitors, he cancer,
tainly ill fuppoit the want of the sum.
MR. HOWARD'I DEATH.
What the friends of humanity, and the ad
mirers of unexampled benevolence have often
and anxiously predicted, has at last occurred
the amiable and virtuous Howard has fallen a
vidtim to his persevering and unrivalled philan
tliropy. The excellent man paid the debt of
nature on the 20th of January, at Clierfon, after
an illness of twelve days.—His disorder wasavio
lent fever caught at the hospital at that place,
where he had been adminiltering medicine to
many poor wretches who languilhed under tk
fame malady.
Thus fell a man who was not only an ornament
to his country but to human nature. 1 lie name
of Howard has long been held high in the annals
of England ; but the philanthropic Howard, has
extended the fame of the Britilh virtue overall
the globe ; and the dreariest nbodes of misery
and disease have echoed with the praises of him,
whose greatelt delight was, " in going about to
DO GOOD."
ADVERTISEMENT.
NOTICE is heieby given to all the creditors of Pmiif
Den MAN, now confined in the common gaol of Newuk,
in the county of EfTex, That the Honorable Court of ComiDM
Picas, in and for said county, have appointed Tucfday the spb
day of May next, for the creditors ot said PhilijrDernntn, tomrct
at the Court house in Newark, at nine o'clock oflhcdiy
and lhewcaufeto the judge of the iaid Court if any |hcy htve,
wliy an aflignment of the said insolvent debtors estate (hoiildn*
be made, and he difchargcd according to the a£l of the Legilt
lure of New-lerlev in such cafe made »nd provided.
PHILIP DENMAN.
Newark, At'ril 14, 1790.
For CERTIFICATES, Or exchanged for LAND,
TWENTY -Two acres of ground in the £ily of New-York
fronting Great George-Street, Bowry-Lane, and Greenwich
Lane. On the premises is a brick dwelling house containingter
rooms; a fmallcr brick house with four rooms; a house with 1
brick front with two rooms : In each house is a Kitchen, and un
der the whole four cellars; a never failing fprine is near one 0
the kitchens; a frame flable and a coach-house with rtablfl
From the dwelling house both the North and the East riveisar
plain to the view. Additional improvements have been mad
this Spring, the ground has been laid out fpr pleasure as wc:!a
for utility ; it is provided with variety of orchard and other truu
part of the land has also been sown with timothy and clover
To be fold for certificates of the national debt, which will Q- r <j
ceived at the nominal value. Dollars at Bs. Or for good Jjn
even il covered with wood, provided it is situated on the ' ol '
ingrivcrs, or on creeks as far as navigable, communicating wit 1
fame, viz. At the Potowinac above Alexandria,at James R' vcr 3
bove Richmond, in South-Carolina, about one hundred miles rol '
the sea (hoic, on Santee Edifto or Ponpon river, or on Savanna
river. If not fold at piivate sale before the 15th of May, it wl
then 011 the above terms be difp<i{ed ot by Public Vendue at t ■
merchants Cotfee-Houfe.—»For further particulars enquire 0
Poellnitz on the premises. April 10,17s 0 '
James F. Sebor, and Co.
Have removed from No. 59, to No. 187, Water-Street, nearrt
Flv-Market,
WHERE they negotiate all kinds ofPUBLI
SECURITIES—BILLS OF EXCHANGE. See. asufual.
New-York, Aprils, 1790. *tf. _
William Taylor,
Has for Sale, at his EAST-INDIA GOODS STORE,
No, 4, Burling-Slip, „ (
Aflortment of EAST-INDIAGOC
Amonß which are the following Articles:
BOOK Mufliiis 8-4 6-4 5-4 || HUMHL'MS,
Jackonet do. j| Long Cloths,
Hankerchiefs,of various kinds,j| CafTas,
Chintzes, n Seerfuckei'%
Ginghams, | lioglapores.
A Variety of liandfome painted MUSLIN ■
With many other Articles, which will be fold by the P- cce
Package, low for calh.
John Smith & Peter Wendovei
SAIL-MAKERS,
BEG leave to inform their Friends and the Public in K c
that they have commenced bufmefs in copartnerflnp >»
line, under the Firm of SMITH and WENDOVER, ,n tl l Cf
Loft in Front Street, opposite Van Zaudt's Wharf (*» e311
see-House) formerly Occupicd by Car msr and Smith, » n
by John Smith. Those Gentlemen who will be pica e
vor them with their custom may depend upon having
done in the best manner, and on as fliort notice as can be exp
New-York, May 1,1790.
(13* Subfcribersfor the Gazette of the United- Stiitef ,
nijhed with the numbers complcte } jrm the commencement oj t(J
volatile.
To be SOLD,