New-York, March 31, 1790. ON the i-2th of February, at seven in the even ing, a tremendous fire broke out at Point Petre, in Guadaloupe, and was not extinguished till midnight. There were twenty five capital buildings confutned, belides a number of fm'»ler ones—the whole loss estimated at fix millions oflivres. We are happy to add, that a number of veflels belongingto the United States were ly ing in the harbor, the mailers and crews of which exerted themselves in the most signal manner on this diftreifing occasion ; and the assistance they lent was eltecmcd so important as to entitle them to receive the thanks of the public by a committee from the citizens of the town, as folldws : By aCommitteeof the Citizens ofPointa Petre, to the Americans now amongst us Brave and generous Friends and A!ties, THE unfortunate persons who have fuffered by the late mertilefs fire in this town, feel thein ielves under the molt lasting obligations to you, for yourfo generouily exposing your own lives in endeavouring to lave their effe<fts and property from ruin. Such as have escaped the rage of this devour ing element, are no less indebted to you for their lives—your prefenceof iiiiiid,ftrtngth and resolu tion in arrelting its fatal progress, lay claim to a lading remembrance from every inhabitant of this place. This unfortunate accident was notnecefiary to prove, that all mankind are brethren ; muchlefs, to convince the French of your iincere attach ment to them. It is the wish of the committee that the address may, in the most public manner teftify their grate ful acknowledgments for your services on this melancholy occalion ; and that a copy of the ad dress may so far merit your approbation, as to be lent to the minister of France, that it may be forwarded and presented to the representatives of the United States of America—And may a people so illuitrious andfo generous as the Ame ricans, enjoy all the prosperity and happiness of which they are so highly deserving. Done and concluded by the committee at Point a Peti e, this 18th of February, i 790. (Signed) Via/l, J. Cadiot Lombard-Rebian. Blandet. Magagnos. To the Honorable the Prefidenc and Members of the Committee of the town of Point a Prftre, Grand Terre, Guadaloupe, &c. &c. Gentlemen. We, the masters, commanders, and mariners of the ships and other veflels belonging to the United States of America, now riding at anchor in this port, do acknowledge the receipt of your affectionate and polite address, for which, from this Angular testimony of your allied friendfhip, we beg leave to return you our most hearty and lincere thanks. Tlie many eminent and often repeated services, that we and our fellow-citizens of America recei ved from your august nation, at a time when we were groaning under the tyranny andoppreffion of Britain) will ever leave a deep impreflion of gratitude andefteem upon our minds for the good people of France. The encomiums you are pleased to bellow upon us are ui the highest degree flattering ; at the lame time permit us to fay, that we performed no more than a duty we owed to ourfelvesupon the principles of humanity, philanthropy, and good ■will to all mankind. We are sorry that the fnral nefs of our number did not permit us to lend a more effectual aid in sooner terminating this deftrucfiive conflagration ; but, if our efforts had ■only contributed to favea single individual from distress, we should confidcrthofe moments of dan gerous exertion as the happiest of our whole lives. Give us leave to add, gentlemen, that we fliall ever have at heart the particular welfare, pros perity andhappinefs ofthe citizensof Point Petre, as well as of this refpc<ftable and flouriiliing co lony in general. Long may you enjoy the happy fruits, and every advantage and benefit ariiing from an unrivalled commerce ; a commerce which is at this momentthe envy of your neighbours, as being under the protection and influence of that benign genius of liberty in whose cause your na tion has so nobly and conspicuously distinguished itfelf. We fliall conclude, gentlemen, with ex prcfling our warmest willies, that yon may long be participators in the blellings of health, peace, and prosperity ; the patrons of honor and justice in your community ; and that our mutual fiiend fhip may never again be interrupted, by our vei fels being excluded from the commerce of this port. With the most ardent wishes for the wel fare of yourselves and j our families—we'remain, gentlemen, With every acknowledgment of refpe«sl:, your most obedient and humble servants, (Signed in behalf of the Captains, &c.) JOHN STFPHENSON. Delort. Buident 1 - , Irouftl. 3 *** The following Objervations on GYPSUM, Or PLAIS TER of PARIS, by Dr. Log an, of Peunfyivania, accompanied the Experiments, in our lajt. GYPSUM, which has acquired the name of Plaifter of Paris 1 from its abounding in the neighborhood of that city is ot a stony nature, yet loft and easy to be (craped with a knife.•« It is found in innny parts of the earth in very great quantities, forming hills of a considerable extent, a* in the vicinity of Faris, in the hay of Fundy, in Russia, and in many other parts of the world. It is found under different appearances. lft Chryftalized into transparent plales, which can be easily separated with a knife, and which, in tome part of Ruflia, arc said to be so large as to answer the purpose of glass. 2d. Of a fibrous texture, and compofcd of oblong concretions lying across the mass. 3d. Composed Of small chrvftalinc grains; this species is called alabaster, when it a hardnffs capable of receiving a polish. Ii» the crata of Mount Mart near Paris, all the above varieties are found, and also a flratum of a leis perfect matter filled with final! fliells : a fpccimen of which I have in my pofleflion : I have also a bfcalitiful fpccimen of the chryftalized gypsum, lately brought from the Bay of Fundy. Every kind of gypsum, however different in exterior form or appearance, have all a perfect rcfemblance in their chemical and eirential qualities. It is generally allowed that gypsum is principally composed of calcarious earth, but it is not so well ascertained with what sub stance it is united, which prevents it from having thfc power of quick lime when burnt. Regarding calcarious earth as forming the basis of this substance, it may beneceffary to take notice of the different forms uhder which calcarious earths appear That which is in the greatest quantity, dnd properly called cal carious, is distinguished from the reft from the effett which fire has upon it, in converting it into a quick lime ; alt others should rather be termed alkaline absorbents. Calcarious earth appears in a variety Of forms ; there are very considerable flrata of it in the bowels of the eaTth, as marble, and chalk, which differ only in the degree of purity or mode of concretion. It is often found in veins filling up the rentsor cavities of tnoufi tains, and is called calcarious spar : some of which contain a Quantity of this earth, but not in a pure (late : some are perfe£lly transparent : and from being found in Iceland, are called Iceland crystals. The matter with which animal and vegetable substances are in cruftcd, or penetrated by the waters of particular (prings, so as to retain their external form, but lose their nature and become (lone, is generally of this kind ; and (hews that this earth is capable of being difTolved by water, and being introduced into £he texture of animal and vegetable fubftanCe. This earth also produces the ' 4r £ c pendulous columns and cones that are found hanging from the roofs of large caves, as in Derbyfliire. The ftoily shells of all cruftaceous animals, from thecoarfeft, to the coral and pearl, are all composed of this earth, and a small quantity of animal glue. A viscid fluid proceeds from the fur face of the animal, which becomes a tough membrane, and gra dually hardens into this form. The (hells of all kinds of animals, together with all coraline concretions consist of the calcarious earth, united with a small proportion of animal glue. Marie is an alkaline earth, but canuot be converted to quick lime : ft h composed of calcarious earth and clay : and its value 36 a manure is estimated in proportion to the quantity of calcarious earth which it contains. Maries alfume a variety of colors, but are pioperly divided into flteH atid (lone marie. Shell marie is composed of the (hells of (hell fi(h, or dther a«- quatic animal?, which are sometime entire, and often decayed or mixed with other earthly fubftdnces. fcxamining this matter as occurlng in different places, it may be dtftinguilhed into frefh water marlfc and <he marie of sea fhelh. The firlt is composed of a small frefh water \*ilk or snail : this animal when alive is not easily diftoverable, the (hell being much of the fame color as the (tones covered with the water, but great numbers of them arc to be found in many small brooks, particu larly in their passage through the low wet grounds ; as the a'rimal dies the (hell is depofitcd. The second com'pofed pi Ma Ihells conftltutes much greater col lections, and are found in innumerable places now far removed from the fca.—That mod'particularly dcfcribed by naturalists t is a collection of this kindi in ToOrairte, a province in France. This part of the country, where it is found, is computed to contain 80 square miles of l'urfaco ; and.wherever they dig to a c-rtain depth they find this colle&ion of (Hells, compofmg a fttaia of 20 feet thick Tnt- country at prelent is 108 miles from the sea. The (lope or clay marles bear more or lefr arefemblance to clay ; they are yery various in their color, and other appearances, but agree in containing* quantity of clay united with calcarious earth, so as to effervefee with acids—Thi stone marles are harder than the clays, but being cxpofed to the action of thefun and froft, they crumble into powder, which is easily mixed with the foil, though some of them require a very long time belore they are divided fine enough to be mixed completely with it. Thefc are the principal formsin which calcarious earth is found. They all derive their origin from the calcarious matter of (hellt; for we find relics of (hells in by far the greatest number of lime (tones, chalks, gypsums, and marbles. In what manner thele great changes in nature have been brought about, will perhaps never be discovered ; but they certainly in dicate a prodigious revolution in this globe. We know of no country where gypsum is mat?e ufc of as a ma rtuie for grain : In fdm£ parts of Germany and in Switzerland, it has been used upon grrfs. Mortf. dfc Laze.'lky, in a lhort ac count of the agriculture of' Switzerland, inferred' in Young's an nals, vol. B', observes, that " in Alsace thcif meadows are well managed, and I have been allured that they have a powerful ma nure in plaifter stone, 01 gypsum, qot burnt, but pounded to pow der.—An intelligent person who ciihivates'for his anvufement, and as an amateur, told me that the effect was aftoniftiing upon clover, and in central much greater npoti ligHt than upon strong lands ; it is so sure that (light failure rauft not disgust." Mr. Young, in a note upon the above paflagt, fays he hopes he (tall hear from R. S. on this fubjeft, it is an important one.* Rv this note it appears that Mr. Young, the moll intelligent and belt farmer in England, is ignorant of flic ufc of gypsum as a mi nuie ; although it abounds in many parts of England. They have lately renewed their farms, and made them very pjcwluftive by the use ot marie, particularly in the light sandy lands of Norfolk formerly the worst, now the bell cultivattd county in England! "I he balis of marie and gypsum is calcarious earth ; the one urtiicd with clay, the other with a fubftancenot clearly ifcertained- both have their origin in the decay of (tells, and when put on the tjrountf produce fnhiliir cffefls. Arable ground covered with ei ther, Will have on thefurface a milky appearance durinp dry wea ther ; both answer bed aS a manure upon sandy, gravelly or li E ht lands, and when applied as a top dieffihg to grass or pafturc lands, they equally produce a great luxunancy of white clover, giviac the grass a rich black color. b b Frort the natural history of these foffils and their effects in pro moting vegetation, we irtiy conclude that thev contain in them selves a certain nour.mment to plants, arising from a concentration of the animal glue cxilting in their onginal ftatdof (hell fidi ■ too much pains cannot be taken to engage our farmers generally in Stcntony Ottobcr 3, 1789, Read before the Agricultural Society of Pennfvlvam*. -404- GEORGE LOGAN PREMIUM? Proofed by the PHILADELPHIA SO.CIETT f r y promoting AGRICULTURE,yir they ear 1790. FOR the best experiment made of a course of crops, eitirer small or large, on hot less than four acres, agreeable to the English made of farming,—a piece of plate, of the value of two hundred dollars, inscribed \Vith thfc name and the occasion ; and for the experiment made of a course of crops next in m^rir, —apiece of plate likewise inscribed, of the value of one hundred dollars. Certificates to be produced by the2oth of December, 1 790. 11. The importance of cbmplete farm or fold-yards for sheltering and folding cattle, —and of the belt method of conducting the fame, so as to procure the gl-eatelt quantities ofcompoft, or mixed dun* and manure, from within the farm, induces the society to give, for the btft dfefign offuch a yard, and method of managing it, practicable by com mon farmers, —a golden medal ; and for thele cond belt, —alilver medal. Thedelightobepre fented to the fotiety by the 20th of December 1790 ' For the best method of railing hogs, from the pig, in pen or ftiesfrom experience ; their some times running irt a lot Or field not totally excluded if prefered,—a gold medal ; and fey the second best, —a silver medal. To be produced by the 20th of December, 1790 IV. For the best method of recovering worn-out fields to a more hearty state, within the power of common farmers, without dear or far-fetchedma nttres ; but by judicious culture, and theapplicd tion of materials comrtion to the gerterality of farmers ; founded in experience,—a gold medal; and for the second beft.—afilver medal, To be produced by the 20th of December, I 790 V. For the best experiment, foil and other citcum ftances considered, in trench-plowing, not less than ten inches deep, and accounts of theeffedh thereof, already fnade or to be made, on not less than one acre, —a gold medal ; and for the se cond best, —a silver inedal. To be produced by the 20th December, 1796. (To be continutd.) New-York City Lottery. SCHEME of a LOTTERY, for the purpose of railing Sivtr. Titu fund Five Hundred Pounds, agrcable to an ACT of the Lcgifli turr of the State ot New-York, passed Bth February, 1790. SCHEME. 1 PRIZE of £ i~'3 oo ® 2 i ot>o 2 (Joo 3 10 3* 120 180 795° 8346 Prizes, > , .. . Blanks, J 2 5°°° Tickets, a( 40s. each, { &<><*> Subject to a deduction of Fifteen p'efCent. THEobje£fc of this LOTTERY being to raise a part oftfhe fuw advanced by the corporation for repairing and enlarging the CI- T\ HALL, for the accommodation of which docs so much honor to the Architect, as well as credit to the city, "the managers presume that their fellow Citizens will cheerfully con cur in promoting the sale of Tickets, especially as the success of this Lottery will relieve them from a tax, which must othcrwife be laid to reimburfethe corporation. The above SCHEME is calculated in a matiner very beneficial t0 ven - urcrs » t here not being two blanks to a prize. The Lotlery is intended to commence drawing on the Ftitsr Monday in August next, or sooner if filled, of whidh timfcly noifice' Will be given. A lift of the fortunate numters willbepub lifhed at the expiratioii of the drawing'. rickets are to be fold by ther fubfcribefti wb6 aire Managers by the Corporation. Isaac Stoutenburch, Abraham Herrin'o, Peter T. Cuxtenius, John Pintard. 6tk Ma*chj 1790. 4i , To i be SOL D, At PUBLIC AUCTION, cn the First Day of April next, (if not disposed at before, at Private Sale.) r I .''HAT pleafanc and'valuable Place formerly cal led COLES-FERRY, nowby the name of VANDU2ER'S» on St a ten Island, Richmond County, with two good fufnein* Pettiaugers tor the ierrymg business. It is a beautiful situation, and one of the best (lands for a Ferry, or Tavern, on Staten-Ifland, and an excellent Shad and Herring Filhery within 20 yards of the door, Black-Fish, «nd all other kind of Fifn in their It is likewise the best and moil convenient FtrYy to Long-Ifond, where a number of paflengerspafs and repafs. It lies within two miles of the Pointof the Narrows, and between 8 and g miles from NeW-York, TheVtf is about 30 acres of excel lent good Land, chief ly Meadow, with a very good Whirs, House, Barn and Garden-- the whole being in good repair. It will also make a b'eahtih'i Country Seat, fit for any gentleman. For Particulars enquire of John Anderson, cornerofthe Exchange, or Charles M'Lean, White Hall, New-York, or of Meflrs BvEßssand R e'i ll y, Stateh-Ifland, or of the Subscri ber on the prcmifes, where the conditions of sale Will be mads known. ABRAHAM VANDUZ£R. Stutch-IJland, March 6, 1790. this day is published, (Price Sid Shillings, bound ahd lettered) And to be Cold, by appointment of the Author, by Meltis. Ber r * and Rogers, No. 35, by A. M'Lean, No. 41, (Frankly 6 Head) Hanover Square, ana by the Editor hereof, No. 9, den-Lane, GEOGRAPHY MADE EASY BE INC AN ABftIDGIMINT OF THE AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY. 111. 50° 200 1500' 2000 3000 2500 24 b® 1800 100 ao 10 4 |»#o®
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